Hasil untuk "Industrial psychology"

Jonathan G. Shalom, Maya Korem, Asher Y. Strauss et al.

The present study examined the association between the therapeutic alliance and social anxiety symptoms during internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). We examined 162 individuals diagnosed with SAD who underwent therapist-assisted ICBT and completed measures of the therapeutic alliance weekly during a randomized controlled trial. We used a novel modeling strategy and modeled changes in the therapeutic alliance over time using sinusoidal models. We found that a model that incorporated both a linear component and a sinusoidal component (r2 = 0.72), explained significantly more variance than models using only linear (r2 = 0.42) or only sinusoidal (r2 = 0.41) components. We also found that higher average levels of the alliance as well as greater increases in the therapeutic alliance during treatment were associated with greater reductions in social anxiety during treatment. Finally, we found that greater fluctuations around the slope of alliance were associated with greater reductions in social anxiety during treatment (above and beyond average alliance and increases in alliance). Considering fluctuations around a linear slope may be a useful model for the ups and downs experienced in the therapeutic alliance over the course of therapy. Fluctuations in alliance may not be a sign of negative processes, but could potentially indicate a healthy ebb and flow of the alliance that is predictive of better outcomes.

Leoni Kitchin

Most executive coaches are not therapeutically trained and there is concern that they might have difficulty identifying and managing boundaries with therapy. This study explores how executive coaches from a non-psychology background experience the boundary. Using Q methodology, coaches ranked statements representing the range of responses to working with the boundary and overlap, leading to a proposed typology of how practitioners perceive and work in this space. Four types of practitioners were identified: Conscious, Confused, Conscientious and Confident. The typology offers executive coaching stakeholders a framework for reflection and discussion to further consider the issue in practice.

Klaus Gramann, Fabien Lotte, Frederic Dehais et al.

Zuvyati Aryani Tlonaen, Festif Rudolf Hoinbala, Zet Ena et al.

The problem addressed in this research is the variation in students' levels of learning commitment and how these differences impact their learning outcomes in a micro-teaching course. The samples were nine fifth-semester students (1 male and 8 females) from a Micro-teaching class, the English Language Education Study Program determined using purposive sampling with varying learning outcomes. Learning outcome data was taken from the final grades of the micro-teaching course. The learning commitment indicators consist of seven indicators arranged in 14 questions for each interview: interest in alternatives, acquiescence, cooperation, enhancement, identity, advocacy, and ownership. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. One student exhibited interest in alternatives commitment (score: 50.2), one student demonstrated acquiescence commitment (score: 61.1), three students showed advocacy commitment (scores: 75.5, 83.75, 89.75), and four students displayed ownership commitment (scores: 89.75, 90.6, 92.95, 95). No students were identified with cooperation, enhancement, or identity commitment strata. These results suggest a clear difference between students' learning commitment levels and learning outcomes in the microteaching course. The study concludes that students' learning commitment strata significantly impact learning outcomes, highlighting the importance of fostering strong learning commitment among students. The study recommends that educators implement strategies to strengthen students' learning commitment by encouraging higher levels of engagement and responsibility.

Priya Deepak, Mohit Agrawal, Prateek Yadav et al.

Murat Ogdur, Huseyin Cakan, Alper Evrensel

Suicidal cases are criminal cases that either should be prevented or be investigated forensically after occurring. One of the aims of our study is that arrange the bacterial flora - one of the biological factors- in the gut to reduce suicide cases. In our study, we compared the bacterias which are based in the gut flora of suicidal death with the control group among the 103 autopsy materials collected. In this study, besides the classic microbial and biochemical methods, we also used the Real-Time PCR and Droplet Digital PCR methods. According to the result of our study, it is determined that Bacteroides sp., Clostridium sp., Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. which affect suicide are significantly different than control groups. It is thought that probiotic or prebiotic supplementation of individuals with intestinal flora imbalance may be beneficial about reduce the suicidal cases which are caused by depression and anxiety. Therefore arranging of the gut flora may decrease the suicidal cases besides increasing the academic studies shall have considerable importance and may gain favor in this sense. [Med-Science 2022; 11(1.000): 361-6]

Liang Z, Wang J, Zhang M et al.

Zhengyan Liang,1 Jinqing Wang,1 Minqiang Zhang,1– 4 Yingshi He,1 Jiaxin Quan,1 Da Yi1 1School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Minqiang Zhang, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55, West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangminqiang@m.scnu.edu.cnIntroduction: There are two types of master’s qualifications in China. One is the academic qualification that pays more attention to academic research, aiming to cultivate research-oriented talents; while the other is the application-oriented qualification that focuses more on practical ability, aiming to cultivate applied-oriented talents. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the COVID-19 on the learning activities of postgraduate students, as well as the differences in the extent to which the learning activities of postgraduate students of different qualification types are affected and their mental health status.Methods: A self-constructed scale for the pandemic’s impact on master’s students, the self-rating anxiety scale and the self-rating depression scale were applied in the study. The single- and multi-group latent class analyses were used to investigate the impact of the pandemic on postgraduate students of different qualification types.Results: A total of 2818 responses were collected. The single-group latent class analysis identified four classes. The multi-group latent class analysis showed that no absolute homogeneity existed between different groups. In general, the number of academic master’s students affected was greater than application-oriented master’s students. Application-oriented master’s students were more affected by course activities, while academic master’s students were more affected by academic and social activities. Results show that individuals more affected had higher levels of anxiety and depression. Compared to course activities, impacts on social activities were more likely to cause anxiety and depression.Discussion: Universities can provide a more flexible way of assistance to different qualification types of postgraduate students. Furthermore, social activities play an important role in the mental health of postgraduate students. Therefore, under the background of normalization of pandemic prevention and control, schools should pay more attention to students’ interpersonal communication activities to help relieve students’ anxiety, depression, and other negative emotions.Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, application-oriented postgraduate students, academic postgraduate students, learning activities, multi-group latent class analysis

Higuita-Gutiérrez LF, Estrada-Mesa DA, Cardona-Arias JA

Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez,1,2 Diego Alejandro Estrada-Mesa,1 Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias2 1Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia; 2School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, ColombiaCorrespondence: Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez, Tel +57 312 774 52 56, Email luis.higuita@campusucc.edu.coPurpose: This study has the following objectives: i) to construct an instrument to measure positive thinking ideology (PTI) regarding cancer, and to evaluate its psychometric properties, ii) to describe the effects of PTI on cancer risk and its treatment, and iii) to identify the associated factors with PTI in the study group.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 611 people from the Medellin, Colombia. Participants were selected through stratified sampling with proportional assignment. A survey with three constructs was applied: the role of negative emotions in cancer etiology, cancer as a redeeming event, and the effects of PTI in cancer treatment.Results: In negative emotions construct 47% considered that holding anger, resentment, and hatred represent a moderate or high risk of generating cancer. In redeeming power construct 46.5% found that cancer is a battle that the best warriors win. Concerning the treatment, 77.3% considered that facing the disease with a fighting spirit had a moderate to high positive effect in response to the treatment. The associated factors with PTI were reading self-help books and education level.Conclusion: The results show that PTI affects perceptions about the cancer, its etiology and treatment. This effect is greater in undereducated people and in self-help book readers. The instrument showed excellent reliability, internal consistency, discriminating power, content, and construct validity properties.Keywords: the ideology of positive thinking, cancer, perception of cancer risk, structural equation modeling, psychometrics

Supriya Davis, Madhura Samudra, Sana Dhamija et al.

A number of incurable, deadly, and disfiguring diseases are associated with stigma which worsens the quality of life of the sufferer. Unfortunately, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the disease was associated with severe stigma and extreme prejudice. Stigma of COVID-19 and its adverse effects are briefly discussed and solutions suggested.

Iftikhar Nadeem, Bob Garvey

This paper is the result of a unique combination PhD research and an intensive leadership coaching among Academic Deans and equivalent leadership roles within a university in the Middle East. Academic Deans have a complex ‘in between’ role. This level of complexity can create significant leadership and personal challenges. Coaching can offer an opportunity to enable these middle leaders to develop insights and strategies to cope with these challenges. However, a competent coach is not enough to work with the complexities of this group of people. A more flexible and adaptive coach is needed with a repertoire of skills and processes to draw upon to serve the needs of the coachees. Employing an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the study identified some key themes in the findings about the ways in which the Deans learned. These include developing a mindful, reflective and calm environment, learning preferences are associated with the subject disciplines of the Deans and learning by observation. Drawing on adult learning theory and the research data this paper explores the development of such a process framework and concludes that a competence based approach to coach develop is inadequate for the complexities of the task.

Jan Philipp Klein, Bettina Barthel, Thomas Berger et al.

Introduction: Numerous RCTs have demonstrated the effectiveness of internet-based self-management interventions (SMIs) in the treatment of depressive symptoms. These studíes often recruit outside routine clinical practice. For the present study, we investigated the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of an SMI (deprexis) in routine medical care using a non-interventional design. Methods: A total of 104 patients with a depressive disorder (60.58% female, mean age 45.82 yrs) were recruited in 25 outpatient practices in Germany (mostly psychiatric practices, n = 16). They received 12 week access to the SMI in addition to their usual care (76.0% took concomitant antidepressant medication). Guidance could optionally be offered by the treating physician. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using the clinician-rated short version of the Montgomery Asberg-Depression Scale (svMADRS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a self-rating for depressive symptoms. Outcomes were assessed at baseline as well as at weeks 3, 6, 9 and 12. Results: Most patients reported using the intervention at least once (n = 87, 83.6%), among these users the mean number of sessions was 18.05 (SD = 11.33). Only a minority of patients received the guided version of the intervention (n = 7, 8.0%). The severity of depressive symptoms decreased significantly over the observation period from 29.72 (SD = 10.03) to 15.73 (SD = 9.74) for the svMADRS (Cohen's d = 1.42, 95% CI 0.08–2.76) and from 15.20 (SD = 5.03) to 8.77 (SD = 5.03) for the PHQ-9 (d = 1.29, 95% CI 0.60–1.97). Discussion: The size of the pre-post effect on depressive symptoms observed in this study is comparable to the pre-post effect size reported in an RCT using the same intervention in patients suffering from depressive symptoms of the same severity. Limitations of this study include the lack of a control group and the fact that the recruitment rate was far lower than expected. Conclusion: This non-interventional study conducted in outpatient practices confirms results from numerous RCTs. Taken together, these data show that deprexis can be used effectively and safely in the routine care of depressed outpatients.

Thobias Solheim, Ruth M. Albertyn

Recovery coaching is a lesser-recognised support service to individuals who pursue recovery from addiction. This narrative inquiry research explored the experiences of recovery coaches working with employed professionals in recovery from alcohol misuse. Findings indicate that recovery coaches work in the field of recovery, not addiction and that they were credentialed by their skills as a coach. Recovery coaching may be a useful service to professionals in recovery. Insight into perspectives of coaches regarding goals, processes, challenges and outcomes of recovery provides enhanced understanding of how coaching can facilitate employed professionals to become architects of their own recovery.

Amos Engelbrecht, Karen Hendrikz

Background: Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) plays a substantial role in individual and organisational performance. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate how moral intelligence and principled leadership can influence trust in the leader and OCB. Setting: Data were collected from 300 employees from various organisations in South Africa. Purposive, non-probability sampling was used. Methods: A theoretical model and hypotheses were developed to explain the structural relationships among the latent variables. Data were analysed by means of item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis conducted via structural equation modelling (SEM). Results: High levels of reliability were found for the measurement scales. Good model fit was demonstrated for the measurement and structural models. Empirical support was found for the significant mediating effects of principled leadership and trust in leaders in the indirect relationship between moral intelligence and OCB. The Principled Leadership Scale (PLS) could be used in the selection or development of principled leaders to develop an ethical culture to combat the high levels of corruption that many organisations face. Principled leaders play a key role in creating an ethical and trusting work climate conducive for OCB. Conclusion: This study is the first to analyse the joint relationships among the specific latent variables in the structural model. Furthermore, the study provided the first supporting evidence for the concurrent validity of the newly developed PLS.

J. Lefkowitz

Bayu Febrianto, Tri Kurniati Ambarini

Anxiety is a common problem that people felt. Correctional clients who have returned to the community also experience anxiety, which could cause problems. Anxiety in correctional clients will interfere with the purpose of the re-integration program provided, so that appropriate intervention need to be given to reduce the anxiety. Reality group counseling is a method that can be done to reduce anxiety levels in correctional clients. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of group counseling reality to reduce anxiety in correctional clients at Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas II Mataram. The study design was quasi experimental – nonequvalent control group pre-test/post-test, using the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). The results of data analysis showed a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group after being given an intervention. This means that group reality counseling is effective for reducing anxiety in correctional clients at Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas II Mataram.

D. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran et al.

Ruth Imelda Kurniasari, Agoes Dariyo, Rita Markus Idulfilastri

• Bandura (1997) mengatakan bahwa self-efficacy adalah keyakinan individu terhadap kemampuan dirinya yang memengaruhi cara individu tersebut dalam bereaksi terhadap situasi dan kondisi tertentu. Menurut Gati, Krausz dan Osipow (1996) mengemukakan pengambilan keputusan karier mengacu pada “ideal career decision maker”. Pernyataan tersebut berarti proses dimana individu menyadari suatu kebutuhan dalam membuat keputusan karier, mampu mewujudkannya, dan mampu membuat keputusan yang benar dengan menggunakan proses yang tepat dan paling sesuai dengan tujuan individu tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara self-efficacy dengan pengambilan keputusan karier pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir di Fakultas Psikologi (Studi Kasus pada Universitas Di Jakarta Barat). Peneliti mendapatkan data sebanyak 214 subyek mahasiswa tingkat akhir fakultas psikologi di 5 universitas di Jakarta Barat, dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki berjumlah 46 mahasiswa & jenis kelamin perempuan berjumlah 168 mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik convenience sampling, pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner self-efficacy, dan kuesioner kesulitan pengambilan keputusan karier. Hasil analisis data memakai teknik parametrik, yaitu pearson correlation. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diketahui terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara self-efficacy dengan pengambilan keputusan karier (r = -0,409, p = 0,000 < 0,01)

Barliana MI, Amalya SN, Pradipta IS et al.

Melisa I Barliana,1,2 Shintya N Amalya,1 Ivan S Pradipta,3 Sofa D Alfian,3 Arif SW Kusuma,1,2 Tiana Milanda,1,4 Rizky Abdulah3,4 1Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Pharmacy Laboratory, 2Pharmacy Services Development Research Center, 3Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, 4Center for Drug Discovery and Product Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia Abstract: Daily life stress markedly affects the response toward stressful stimuli. DNA methy&shy;lation is one of the factors that regulate this response, and is a normal mechanism of somatic cell growth, but its regulatory gene variations may cause alterations in the stress response. The aim of the present study was to investigate genotypic variants of the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) gene in 129 healthy subjects and evaluate its association with daily life stress. Blood samples were collected, and genomic DNA was isolated. DNA was amplified using specific tetra primers for DNMT3A (C/T) rs11683424 and visualized following 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The association of DNMT3A genetic variants with daily life stress was analyzed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). We observed that the distribution of subjects with genotype CC (wild type), CT (heteromutant), and TT (homomutant) was 13.95%, 81.4%, and 4.65%, respectively. Genetic variations significantly affected the daily life stress condition (p=0.04) in Indonesian healthy subjects, but most of the subjects with the CT phenotype were classified in a stress condition. Keywords: daily life stressor, DNA methylation, epigenetic, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), rs11683424, DNMT3A

Mohsen Golparvar, Zahra Vaseghi, Zahra Javadian

This research was conducted with the aim of studying the structural model of relationships between abusive supervision, role overload, exhaustion and job alienation. For investigating this model, from among male employees of a factory, 168 persons were selected by using simple random sampling method. The instruments which were used in this research consisted of emotional exhaustion questionnaire (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), abusive supervision questionnaire (Tepper, 2000), work overload questionnaire (Rod et al, 2008), and job alienation questionnaire (Korman et al, 1981). The data were analyzed by using structure equation modeling. (SEM) . On the basis of the structural model obtained from multilevel sequential relationships, there is a significant relation between abusive supervision, and work overload, between work overload and emotional exhaustion, and finally between emotional exhaustion and job alienation (P<0.01). A direct relation was also found in the final model between abusive supervision and work alienation.

Lawrence Stessin, E. Fleishman