Hasil untuk "History of the Greco-Roman World"

Katie Teeling

Aspects of Greco-Roman culture have faced periods of romanticization throughout history, particularly in the Victorian era, in which popular social figures and authors shaped social practices from antiquity to counter Victorian ideals and to fit in with their view of the world, largely based on misunderstandings. One such victim was the ancient practice of pederasty, in which an older man would mentor a young boy, in order to prepare him to enter society and serve his state. To the Victorians, and author Oscar Wilde in particular, pederasty was conflated with homosexuality, and Ancient Greece and Rome labelled as homosexual utopias, as a result.

Robert L. Fowler

This paper surveys the history of the Herculaneum papyri, as well as past, current and future research on the collection. Buried under the ashes of Vesuvius in the eruption of AD 79, the so-called Villa dei Papiri in Herculaneum contains the only library to survive intact from the Greco-Roman world. Soon after its discovery in 1752, it was identified as consisting mainly of works on Epicurean philosophy, especially by Philodemus of Gadara (ca. 110–35 BC). The charcoaled papyrus scrolls, inscribed with charcoal-based ink, present scholars with unique practical challenges. Early attempts to unroll them and read their contents yielded promising results but often resulted in serious damage to the material. Modern imaging techniques have significantly increased the legibility of extant fragments, and with the help of  computerised tomography and machine learning it becomes increasingly possible to distinguish writing from background material in still rolled-up papyri. The Holy Grail of Herculaneum papyrology, namely to unroll and read the scrolls virtually, seems no longer out of grasp.

Mark van der Enden

A fascinating, illustrated study of how the Roman Republican legions defeated the Macedonian army's much-vaunted phalanxes. The battle of Cynoscephalae represents a key moment in the history of the Greco-Roman world. In this one battle the Macedonian hold over mainland Greece was broken, with the Roman Republic rising in its place as the pre-eminent power in the Greek East. At Cynoscephalae, the proud Macedonian kingdom of Antigonid monarch Philip V was humbled, its army shattered. Yet the battle, and campaign leading up to it, was hard fought and protracted. Philip V had defied Rome and its allies in the First Macedonian War and was poised to do so again, with the pike phalanx continuing to be a daunting opponent for the Roman legionaries. Here, classical archaeologist Dr Mark van der Enden, drawing on primary sources and recent scholarship, explores the battle not as an isolated event but as the culmination of three years of intensive campaigning; the battle of the Aous gorge (198 BC) is also considered. The opposing armies, their weaponry, organization, tactics and commanders, are covered in detail and revealed in battlescene artworks and photos of material culture. Maps and diagrams explore the movements to battle and command decisions taken. Also examined is the performance of the Roman manipular legion over the Antigonid pike phalanx and whether Flamininus’ victory truly demonstrated the superiority of Roman arms.

Helena Costa Toipa

Cícero teoriza, nos seus tratados maiores sobre a oratória (De Oratore, Orator e Brutus), sobre a questão do recurso ao humor nos discursos, referindo alguns dos oradores que mais se tinham distinguido pelo seu espírito jocoso, enumerando alguns dos processos de provocar o riso entre o auditório, e enfatizando a sua finalidade e utilidade para o orador. Os seus próprios textos (desde a correspondência aos tratados filosóficos, passando pelos discursos judiciais e políticos) manifestam, com maior ou menor intensidade, a sua veia jocosa direccionada para o ataque a adversários políticos, a colegas de profissão e aos autores dos processos movidos contra os seus clientes.

Ulrike Ehmig

„Exhibet anonymus in schedis“. Kolorierte Zeichnungen Pompejianischer Inschriften im Archiv des CIL Im Archiv der Arbeitsstelle des Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum CIL wurden im Jahr 2022 vier Blätter mit kolorierten Zeichnungen von 32 Wandaufschriften aus Pompeji aufgefunden. Die Wiedergabe der Inschriften scheint sehr eng an den antiken Originalen orientiert. Es handelt sich um Zeichnungen eines Anonymus, die Karl Zangemeister, dem verantwortlichen Editor des 1871 erschienenen Bandes zu den inscriptiones parietariae Pompeianae in CIL IV zwar vorlagen und von ihm partiell für die Edition herangezogen wurden, bis heute aber völlig unbekannt geblieben sind. Mit ihrer quellenkritischen Vorlage gewinnt man erstmals eine Vorstellung von der Gestaltung der betreffenden Inschriften, die zumeist vollständig verloren sind. Zudem erlauben sie eine Revision bisheriger Lesungen und Interpretationen. Der Vergleich der Blätter mit Zangemeisters Edition der betreffenden Inschriften illus­triert beispielhaft das Entstehen einer CIL-Edition im 19. Jahrhundert. Schließlich geben die Blätter mit der Reihenfolge der darauf erfassten Wandaufschriften einen Eindruck, wie sich der Anonymus durch die Ausgrabungen von Pompeji bewegte und vom Ablauf seiner Dokumentation. ”Exhibet anonymus in schedis”. Colour Drawings of Pompeian Inscriptions in the CIL Archive In the archives of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL), four sheets with colored drawings of 32 wall inscriptions from Pompeii were found in 2022. The reproduction of the inscriptions seems to be very close to the ancient originals. They are drawings by an anonymous artist, which were available to Karl Zangemeister, the responsible editor of the volume on inscriptiones parietariae Pompeianae in CIL IV, published in 1871. They were partially used for the edition, but have remained completely un­known until today. With the source-critical presentation carried out here, one gains for the first time an idea of the design of the inscriptions in question, most of which are completely lost. In addition, they allow a revision of their previous reading and understanding. The comparison of the sheets with Zangemeister’s edition of the inscriptions in question exemplifies the creation of a CIL edition in the 19th century. Finally, the sheets with the sequence of the recorded wall inscriptions convey an impression of how the anonymous author moved through the excavations of Pompeii and of the body of evidence they worked on.

Taddei, Andrea

Recensione di Kapellos, A. (ed.) (2023). The Orators and their Treatment of the Recent Past. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 541 pp. Trends in Classics 133.

Ann L. Kuttner

Over the course of thirteen chapters authored by specialists of Roman history, Classics, Latin linguistics, papyrology, epigraphy and Medieval studies, this volume showcases samples of Latin writing in Greco-Roman antiquity and the early Middle Ages from a range of places across and on the margins of the Mediterranean world (Britain, Italy, North Africa, Visigothic Spain, among others). Central to the book is the basic question how uniform practices and regional expression manifest themselves in materials, scripts, layout and even language. In addition to parchment manuscripts and stone inscriptions, the contributions deal with Latin writing on papyrus, wood, ceramic sherds (called “ostraca”), metal and slate. They consider how regional factors might have affected preferences for some materials; how universal documentary practice adjusted to local habits; how the acquisition of Latin as a foreign language could be aided by and reflected in the layout and design of a text; how the origin of documents might be observed in script; and how space could enshrine and enhance text.

Maia Pomadère

The coastal area of Malia, a Minoan palatial town from the 2nd millennium BC has not been favored in archaeological exploration conducted for more than a century, and thus remains relatively unknown. Despite the location of the site on the northern coast of Crete, a port has not been clearly identified and its very existence has been debated. It is generally considered that the palace of Malia turns its back to the sea to lean towards the exploitation of the grounds, the coastal spaces forming especially the liminal ‘domain of the dead’. The available data, in particular thanks to recent research, makes it possible to qualify this point of view by showing the variety of uses of coastal spaces and their importance in the development of the site. Beyond the assessment of the coastal resources exploited by the Minoans, the article faces two important questions for understanding the history of Malia and its place in the Aegean during the Bronze Age: the issue of the port, where exceptional infrastructures have been identified, and that of the funerary areas which are compared with the ‘house tombs’ of eastern Crete.

Peter ROTHENHOEFER

Fragments of a huge inscribed bronze tabula are presented here, which can be dated to the end of the year AD 14. The document contained regulations regarding the privileges of soldiers and veterans as well as the financing of the latter. These regulations were made after the mutinies of legions at the Rhine and Danube frontiers, which started after the death of Augustus.

Maria Fernanda Brasete

Quentin Paridimal

From the 1st century BC onward, the Greco-Roman world was fed with an unprecedented quantity of gemstones imported from India through the Indian Ocean. As one studies their trajectory through literary sources and archaeological finds, different perspectives open up in archaeology and art history. This article serves as an introduction to the topic and explores two of its aspects in particular. Firstly, the gemstones circulating between the Mediterranean world and South Asia ; secondly, the role of India with regards to the Greco-Roman perception of gemstones, notably through an analysis of works by Posidippus of Pella and Pliny the Elder.

J. Hanson, S. Ortman

Carolina Araújo

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G. Cooper

Teodoro Rennó Assunção

Este artigo propõe uma tradução e um comentário do episódio dos Lotófagos na Odisseia (IX, 82-104), atentando tanto para sua organização interna enquanto episódio de viagem com uma cena típica de hospitalidade (resumida apenas à oferta de comida), quanto para sua posição e especificidade no conjunto das viagens maravilhosas de Odisseu (cantos IX a XII) e no conjunto da Odisseia. Ele tenta definir os significados possíveis de lōtós (“lótus”), tais como apresentados por Heródoto e Teofrasto, em confronto com os poucos dados presentes na Odisseia (convergindo em ser ele uma planta não cultivada e colhida), e – o que é mais importante – tenta definir também os efeitos do consumo do lótus, que são como os de uma droga perigosa (como o haxixe, o ópio ou a mescalina) que suprime a vontade de agir, ameaçando retrospectivamente o retorno de Odisseu e a própria narrativa da Odisseia.

Rui Miguel Duarte

Retórica e história: o que têm uma a ver com a outra? Eis uma questão que pode suscitar surpresa. Com efeito, trata-se aparentemente de dois diferentes géneros de discurso, nos seus objectos como propósitos: a retórica é o discurso que visa a persuasão e os possíveis, ao passo que a história narra eventos reais; a primeira emite um ponto de vista, uma opinião da qual se pretende convencer outrem, enquanto a história relevaria mais do domínio do objectivo. Todavia, as coisas não seriam assim tão estritas, antes as duas disciplinas poderiam ser complementares e mutuamente auxiliares. As relações existentes entre uma e outra seriam principalmente de natureza utilitária. A retórica é útil como treinadora de estratégias e técnicas que servem para a composição literária, coinclusão do género histórico. Em sentido contrário, a história é fornecedora de matéria e temas para os debates e os discursos da retórica, os quais, se por um lado respeitam os dados daquela, por outro deles se servia, manipulando-os, para os estritos propósitos de compor declamações engenhosas. O presente artigo examinará o estado da arte do problema entre os retores gregos.

W. Nippel

J. Bogdanović

The latest book by Hendrik W. Dey examines the afterlife of the Roman city in the territories of the erstwhile Roman Empire until roughly the ninth century. As a scholar with multiple threads of training in classics, Dey writes his book with a strong archaeological research method that emphasizes the perseverance of urban paradigms of the Greco-Roman world beyond literary tropes or oversimplified economical and demographical analyses. The Afterlife of the Roman City looks in particular at monumental architecture and urban topography by highlighting their importance in the definition of the urban space as a place of ceremonial manifestations of the glory of kings, emperors, caliphs, and bishops during late antiquity and the early Middle Ages. Disciplines Architectural History and Criticism | Classical Archaeology and Art History Comments This book review is from caa.reviews (2015), doi:10.3202/caa.reviews.2015.95. Posted with permission. This book review is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/arch_pubs/37

Márcio Meirelles Gouvêa Júnior

Embora nenhum fragmento tenha restado das tragédias Medeae, de Lucano e de Curiácio Materno, nem tenha sido preservada a pintura Medea, de Timômaco, por meio das referências literárias antigas a essas obras, torna‐se possível tentar recuperar algo de seu sentido original.