Hasil untuk "History of Greece"

G. Aad, E. Aakvaag, B. Abbott et al.

A combination of searches for singly and doubly charged Higgs bosons, H± and H±±, produced via vector-boson fusion is performed using 140 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. Searches targeting decays to massive vector bosons in leptonic final states (electrons or muons) are considered. New constraints are reported on the production cross-section times branching fraction for charged Higgs boson masses between 200 GeV and 3000 GeV. The results are interpreted in the context of the Georgi-Machacek model for which the most stringent constraints to date are set for the masses considered in the combination.

Charalampos Stamelos

This paper presents reflections of the laws of Romania and a comparison of family law of Romania to Ancient Greek family law. Roman law has left a profound and enduring legacy on the legal system of Romania. The introduction of Roman law in the region began with the Roman conquest of Dacia in 106 AD under Emperor Trajan. This marked the beginning of a period of significant Romanization, during which Roman legal principles, institutions, and practices were extensively implemented. Later, the influence of Byzantine law on Romania is a critical chapter in the nation's legal history, reflecting the cultural and political interactions between the Byzantine Empire and the Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. Byzantine law began to permeate the region following the withdrawal of Roman forces from Dacia in 271 AD and continued to shape Romanian legal traditions through the Middle Ages. Further, the Ottoman Empire's dominion over these principalities from the 15th to the 19th centuries introduced a complex interplay between local traditions and Ottoman legal principles. Lastly, family law in Greece from Roman times to the Ottoman era shares several parallels with the evolution of similar laws in Romania, reflecting the broader legal and cultural influences of the region.

Sophia Lionaki, Evangelia Dounousi, Smaragdi Marinaki et al.

IntroductionThis study aimed to describe the clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with glomerular diseases (GDs) and its impact on the probability of relapse.MethodsPatients with biopsy-proven GD and positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 from glomerular clinics across Greece were studied retrospectively. Those who received the GD diagnosis after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or ended in ESKD prior to infection were excluded. Demographics, histopathological diagnoses, past medical history, immunosuppression, and GD activity status were recorded.ResultsA total of 219 patients with GDs and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The mean time from the diagnostic kidney biopsy to SARS-CoV-2 infection was 67.6 ( ± 59.3) months. Among the participants, 82.5% had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 with three doses (range: 2.5–3) without subsequent GD reactivation in 96.2% of them. Twenty-two patients (10%) were hospitalized for COVID-19 and one (0.5%) required mechanical ventilation. Four (1.8%) died due to COVID-19 and one (0.5%) had long COVID-19 symptoms. Among patients in remission prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22 (11.2%) experienced a GD relapse within 2.2 (range: 1.5–3.7) months from the diagnostic test. The relapse-free survival after COVID-19 was significantly shorter for patients with minimal change disease, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. No difference was observed in the relapse-free survival post-COVID-19 based on the history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection appears to have a symptomatic but uncomplicated sequence in vaccinated patients with GDs, with a significant impact on the clinical course of GD, associated with an increased probability of relapse in certain histopathological types.

Dimitrios Kouroupis, Maria Terzaki, Nikoletta Moscha et al.

Borreliosis (Lyme disease) is a zoonosis, mediated to humans and small mammals through specific vectors (ticks), with increasing global incidence. It is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations and can, if not promptly recognized and left untreated, lead to significant disability. In Europe, the main <i>Borrelia</i> species causing disease in humans are <i>Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.</i>, <i>Borrelia afzelii</i>, <i>Borrelia garinii</i>, and <i>Borrelia spielmanii</i>. The <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> tick is their principal vector. Although Lyme disease is considered endemic in the Balkan region and Turkey, and all three main Lyme pathogens have been detected in ticks collected in these countries, autochthonous Lyme disease remains controversial in Greece. We report a case of aseptic meningitis associated with antibody seroconversion against <i>Borrelia afzelii</i> in a young female patient from the prefecture of Thasos without any relevant travel history. The patient presented with fever and severe headache, and the cerebrospinal fluid examination showed lymphocytic pleocytosis. Serum analysis was positive for specific IgG antibodies against <i>Borrelia afzelii</i>. In the absence of typical erythema migrans, serological evidence of infection is required for diagnosis. Although atypical in terms of clinical presentation, the seasonality and geographical location of potential disease transmission in the reported patient should raise awareness among clinicians for a still controversial and potentially underreported emerging infectious disease in Greece.

Jennifer R. S. Meadows, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Guo-Dong Wang et al.

Abstract Background The international Dog10K project aims to sequence and analyze several thousand canine genomes. Incorporating 20 × data from 1987 individuals, including 1611 dogs (321 breeds), 309 village dogs, 63 wolves, and four coyotes, we identify genomic variation across the canid family, setting the stage for detailed studies of domestication, behavior, morphology, disease susceptibility, and genome architecture and function. Results We report the analysis of > 48 M single-nucleotide, indel, and structural variants spanning the autosomes, X chromosome, and mitochondria. We discover more than 75% of variation for 239 sampled breeds. Allele sharing analysis indicates that 94.9% of breeds form monophyletic clusters and 25 major clades. German Shepherd Dogs and related breeds show the highest allele sharing with independent breeds from multiple clades. On average, each breed dog differs from the UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0 reference at 26,960 deletions and 14,034 insertions greater than 50 bp, with wolves having 14% more variants. Discovered variants include retrogene insertions from 926 parent genes. To aid functional prioritization, single-nucleotide variants were annotated with SnpEff and Zoonomia phyloP constraint scores. Constrained positions were negatively correlated with allele frequency. Finally, the utility of the Dog10K data as an imputation reference panel is assessed, generating high-confidence calls across varied genotyping platform densities including for breeds not included in the Dog10K collection. Conclusions We have developed a dense dataset of 1987 sequenced canids that reveals patterns of allele sharing, identifies likely functional variants, informs breed structure, and enables accurate imputation. Dog10K data are publicly available.

I. Literák, V. Reháková, S. Xirouchakis et al.

Black kites of the nominal subspecies Milvus migrans migrans breed in Europe and winter regularly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. As a new phenomenon, black kites with morphological characteristics of the subspecies Milvus migrans lineatus are observed in Europe. Based on observations of black kites in winter 2020/2021 summarized in this paper, based on other recent reports about wintering black kites in Europe and based on juvenile black kite tagged on Crete and tracked for two years, we conclude that hundreds to thousands of black kites are now regularly wintering in south of Europe, and in smaller numbers in other parts of Europe as well as in northern Africa. The growing number of wintering black kites in Europe is apparently caused by members of the population from a hybrid zone between M. m. migrans and M. m. lineatus breeding east of the Urals, i.e. from the area of the European part of Russia. This is consistent with the hypothesis of the spreading of M. m. lineatus and a subsequent hybridization zone between M. m. migrans and M. m. lineatus in a westerly direction from Siberia across continental Europe. Moreover, two black kites found dead on Crete were attributed to M. m. lineatus and M. m. migrans by cytochrome B gene sequence analyses. The juvenile black kite with lineatus features tagged on Crete and telemetrically tracked during the next two years moved to the south-western part of Russia during the next two summers, but did not breed. It spent the following two winters at the same landfill in south-western Turkey. It seems that an adaptation to food sources provided by municipal waste landfills is important for black kites wintering in Europe, the Middle East and Morocco.Highlights• Hundreds to thousands of black kites are now regularly wintering in Europe.• The growing number of wintering black kites is caused by birds from a hybrid zone between Milvus migrans migrans and M. m. lineatus in eastern Europe.• Municipal waste landfills are important as food sources for black kites wintering in Europe.

V. Abraham, S. Hicks, S. Hicks et al.

<p>The collection of modern, spatially extensive pollen data is important for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages and the reconstruction of past vegetation communities in space and time. Modern datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for pollen accumulation rates (PARs). Filling this gap has been the motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber traps for several years or decades across Europe. Here we present this monitoring dataset consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that total PAR is influenced by forest cover and climate parameters, which determine pollen productivity and correlate with latitude. Treeless vegetation produced PAR values of at least 140 grains cm<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span> yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>. Tree PAR increased by at least 400 grains cm<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span> yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> with each 10 % increase in forest cover. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of a given tree species still collect occasional pollen grains of that species. The threshold of this long-distance transport differs for individual species and is generally below 60 grains cm<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span> yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>. Comparisons between modern and fossil PAR from the same regions show similar values. For temperate taxa, modern analogues for fossil PARs are generally found downslope or southward of the fossil sites. While we do not find modern situations comparable to fossil PAR values of some taxa (e.g. <i>Corylus</i>), <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> fertilization and land use may cause high modern PARs that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data are now publicly available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and aid interpretations of fossil PAR data.</p>

Somaye Hamidi , Hashem Ghaderi

Opinion on the concept of state has a deep root in the history of western political thought. Although there have been brief and marginal studies in this area in ancient Greece, we notice more attention to the concept of state and its coordinates since the Renaissance. Germany, during eighteenth century, is one of the most important arenas on this concept. As one of its thinkers and contemporary of Hegel, Schopenhauer has also paid attention to the issue of state during his discussions. The problem of the present study is the nature of state in Schopenhauer's political thought. The hypothesis of the present paper is that Schopenhauer's theory of state as opposed to Hegelian thought, rejects the totalitarian and the Hegelian ideal state on one hand, and, based on the rule of the concept of evil and how he views metaphysics in its philosophical apparatus on the other hand, takes on a minimalist and protective nature.

Jordi Pià Comella

According to the Epicureans and the Platonists, Stoic allegory reduces gods to mere physical realities, thus undermining the foundations of polytheism. The present article intends to reexamine this schematic perception, starting from the only testimony on Stoic allegorism which is almost intact, namely Cornutus’ Handbook. In our opinion, the allegory of myths in Cornutus is not only the rational explanation of truths Ancient Greeks expressed intuitively: it is a discourse which, while borrowing from the myth its symbolism, its evocative power and its irrational part, is more apt than the mere theological demonstration of the philosopher to account for the divine nature and the world in all their complexity.

John O. Hyland

<p>Darius II’s invitation to the Olympic victor Poulydamas and Cyrus’ friendship with Thessalian aristocrats were renewals of old ties between Persia and Thessaly and part of Persian intervention in the Peloponnesian War.</p>

Jackie Murray

This article calls into question the value and reliability of the contents of P.Oxy. X 1241, the so-called list of Alexandria Librarians. Rather than treating the list of grammarians at col. i.5-ii.30 by itself, as scholars have done ever since the papyrus was published, this paper considers the document in its entirety. This closer reading of P.Oxy. X 1241 demonstrates that there is clear thematic continuity between the list of grammarians and the military catalogues that follow which has never been observed before, precisely because the two parts have always been treated separately. Challenges to three crucial assumptions of the original editors, B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt emerge: (1) Is the list at col. i.5-ii.30 in fact a list of the heads of the Alexandrian library? (2) Is the work a copy or compilation of some earlier scholarly piece that dates back to the Hellenistic period, and not a product of a circa second century CE scholar/grammarian? (3) Do the contents of the papyrus reflect the work of a competent scholar/grammarian who was well enough informed about the chronology of the Ptolemaic period to produce an historically accurate account of the succession of individuals connected to the Ptolemaic court and the Alexandrian Library? While it is true to say that in its content and use of learned citations P.Oxy. X 1241 shares many similarities with Hellenistic and Imperial prose catalogues, the strategies of learned discourse deployed by the author in the military catalogue do not conform to the norms of reliable scholarly examples. Accordingly, the value of the text as documentary evidence of the history of the Alexandrian library needs to be reconsidered as it seems likely that we are dealing with a failed literary work.

Cameron Hawkins

Scattered testimonia and the continuing ideology of  the military value of the Spartan <em>paideia</em> in the fourth century support the view that <em>perioikoi</em> mostly served in contingents of their own rather than the <em>morai</em>, and the Spartan state relied chiefly on the <em>hypomeiones</em> to fill out the dwindling ranks of the proper <em>Spartiatai</em>.

Markovich Slobodan G.

The life stories of five Balkan Anglophiles emerging in the nineteenth century - two Serbs, Vladimir Jovanović (Yovanovich) and Čedomilj Mijatović (Chedomille Mijatovich); two Greeks, Ioannes (John) Gennadios and Eleutherios Venizelos; and one Bulgarian, Ivan Evstratiev Geshov - reflect, each in its own way, major episodes in relations between Britain and three Balkan Christian states (Serbia, the Hellenic Kingdom and Bulgaria) between the 1860s and 1920. Their education, cultural patterns, relations and models inspired by Britain are looked at, showing that they acted as intermediaries between British culture and their own and played a part in the best and worst moments in the history of mutual relations, such as the Serbian-Ottoman crisis of 1862, the Anglo-Hellenic crisis following the Dilessi murders, Bulgarian atrocities and the Eastern Crisis, unification of Bulgaria and the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885, the Balkan Wars 1912-13, the National Schism in Greece. Their biographies are therefore essential for understanding Anglo-Balkan relations in the period under study. The roles of two British Balkanophiles (a Bulgarophile, James David Bourchier, and a Hellenophile, Ronald Burrows) are looked at as well. In conclusion, a comparison of the Balkan Anglophiles is offered, and their Britain-inspired cultural and institutional legacy to their countries is shown in the form of a table.

Stephen Bertman

<!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Structural patterns discernible in the last two books of the <em>Odyssey</em> support the view that the poem extended to the end of the present Book 24 rather than ending at 23.296.</p> <!--EndFragment-->

Wesley E. Thompson

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Alan Cameron

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R. M. Frazer

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James H. Oliver

<!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">A bilingual inscription from Istros surviving in two copies is reedited, an archive of decisions of the first and second centuries A.D. concerning the city’s privileges, especially as to fishing.</span></p> <!--EndFragment-->

Frank Frost

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Christoph Clairmont

<!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">[site under construction]</span></p> <!--EndFragment-->