The subject of the article is the issue of virginity and the broader post-Tridentine spirituality using the example of the Maiden’s Palm or the Dissertation on Virginhood (Palma panieńska albo rozprawa o stanie dziewiczym, Kalisz 1607) by Szymon Wysocki, who translated the Italian work Trattato della verginita et dello stato verginale (Rome 1584) by Basili Gradi, introducing only minor editorial modifications. Attention is focused on the ideals and instructions contained in the Polish translation and its place and role in the panorama of 17th-century didactic works devoted to spirituality. The article shows what role Wysocki’s Polish translation could have played in monastic life and in the field of 17th-century literature. It also reveals what kind of translator Szymon Wysocki was, who did not belong to auctores unius libri and translated about 30 works into Polish. The reflection also covers the place of Maiden’s Palm (Palma panieńska) among other Old Polish translations. Perhaps its appearance resulted in the creation of similar didactic treatises intended for consecrated persons. The ideal of religious perfection presented in the Maidenly Palm, which was largely based on the biblical and patristic tradition, was certainly an expression of the participation of both Benedictine and Jesuit orders in the shaping of post-Tridentine spirituality.
History of Eastern Europe, Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages
This essay outlines the sources of the myth of the Great Patriotic War that was used by the Soviet propaganda to legitimize the power of the authorities. It aims to discuss briefly the components of the myth, namely, emotions, the sacred element or sacrum, and the Great Russian nationalism. The German-Soviet 1941–1945 war has been described as a Manichaean confrontation between good and evil, sacrum and profanum, civilisation and barbarism. The significance of the myth is manifested to this day. On the one hand, Russian authorities still use it to validate the socio-political order. On the other, the memory of the victorious war is an important element of historical policy pursued by the countries that are part of the ‘Russkiy Mir’.
The author proposes classification of the Holodomor source base for a better understanding of the context of historical research on the issue. The author divides the sources into two large segments: official documentation deposited in archival institutions and sources of personal origin. The first segment includes five groups. Analysing the state of the sources of this segment, the author focuses on the gaps due to “archivocide” as the deliberate destruction by the Soviet authorities of traces of the famine in official documentation and the specifics of documenting administrative decisions of that period. That is why sources of personal origin constitute a significant segment of the Holodomor source base and should be more widely used in research. Here the author managed to identify six groups of unequal size. The article presents thematic blocks of sources of personal origin and gives examples of various types of such sources. A conclusion is made about the continuity of the narrative about the famine in the sources of personal origin and in the individual memory of Ukrainians. Here it is emphasized that the sources about the famine, which are diverse in types and authorship, did not appear out of nowhere in the post-war period or in the 1980s, but began to appear as early as 1932.
Migrations are an intangible phenomenon in archaeological research. However, relocations of larger groups of people may be of key significance to the development of older communities. The article is an attempt to indicate the elements of material culture that may be related to the relocation of people from various parts of Great Moravia to Bohemia, Poland and perhaps also Rus’. Possible similarities and differences will be indicated between the specific regions, accompanied by considerations of the way in which these migrations could have changed the cultural picture of the area in the 10th century.
History of Eastern Europe, History of Central Europe
After the establishment of the Romanian administration in the region of Banat, the sanitary and medical situation in Timisoara improved a lot. The sanitary reports of the time reflect this situation, but at the same time they also highlight the shortcomings that the city was still facing, such as the housing crisis, the malnutrition, the alcoholism which, along with other factors, led to an increase in the evolution of social diseases.
The improvements made regarding the provision of an appropriate hygiene and sanitary care in the city on the shores of the Bega River, included: the start of the works for the installation of the public lavatories, the inauguration of the asylum for the poor, the popular bath from the Scudier Park, the steam baths, as well as the swimming pools and the private sport clubs. In addition to these, in the sanitary reports of the second quarter of the 20th century, was expressed the necessity for the establishment of an appropriate system of social housing for workers, in order to assure workers in different industries with the main sanitary-hygienic norms and provide them a minimum comfort and well-being, encouraging steps in this direction being already carried out with the awareness of these needs and the setting up of bathrooms with showers, sinks with faucet and changing rooms, as well as dining rooms in over 200 industrial units.
Undeniable testimonies on the concerns regarding the provision of a proper hygiene and adequate medical care in Timisoara and not only, are provided by the documents from the archive of the State Hospital in Timisoara, located in the collection of the History Department of the National Museum of Banat, which contain numerous information regarding the activity of this medical institution, but also regarding the activity of Timisoara's Hygiene Laboratory.
In Timisoara, many personalities and organizations of the time in the field of medicine were involved and fought to achieve goals that aimed at inscribing this city on the path of modernization and curative and therapeutic innovation specific to the 20th century.
[рец.]: Лисенко М.С. Сільськогосподарські товариства українських губерній Російської імперії в модернізаційних процесах: люди, структури, справи (1861-1917 рр.): монографія. Харків: ХНУМГ ім. О.М. Бекетова, 2020. 363 с.
V. Fernandes, Nicolas Brucato, Joana C. Ferreira
et al.
The Arabian Peninsula (AP) was an important crossroad between Africa, Asia, and Europe, being the cradle of the structure defining these main human population groups, and a continuing path for their admixture. The screening of 741,000 variants in 420 Arabians and 80 Iranians allowed us to quantify the dominant sub-Saharan African admixture in the west of the peninsula, whereas South Asian and Levantine/European influence was stronger in the east, leading to a rift between western and eastern sides of the Peninsula. Dating of the admixture events indicated that Indian Ocean slave trade and Islamization periods were important moments in the genetic makeup of the region. The western-eastern axis was also observable in terms of positive selection of diversity conferring lactose tolerance, with the West AP developing local adaptation and the East AP acquiring the derived allele selected in European populations and existing in South Asia. African selected malaria resistance through the DARC gene was enriched in all Arabian genomes, especially in the western part. Clear European influences associated with skin and eye color were equally frequent across the Peninsula.