Hasil untuk "Highway engineering. Roads and pavements"

X. Su, Siyan Wang, Junao Liu et al.

Pavement maintenance and rehabilitation planning is of great significance to maintaining the level of road use, ensuring vehicle driving safety, and optimizing the use of maintenance funds. However, highway network maintenance has problems such as reliance on traditional experience judgment and single decision-making indicators, which may lead to unreasonable allocation of maintenance resources, poor maintenance effect, high cost, and large amount of carbon emissions, thus exacerbating the negative impact on the environment. Therefore, this study proposes to use the genetic algorithm to comprehensively consider the maintenance cost and carbon emissions of the maintenance process, aiming to improve the efficiency of capital utilization, ensure the pavement use condition, and minimize the impact on the environment. In addition, this study conducted a case analysis of the highway network in a state in the United States, and different maintenance plans can be formulated according to the requirements of budget and carbon emissions. The results show that the genetic algorithm under multi-objective decision-making is effective and reliable for promoting sustainable pavement maintenance. This study provides an effective solution for the formulation of pavement maintenance strategies, which takes into account environmental sustainability while controlling the budget and ensuring pavement use.

Jiuda Huang, Enyu Wang, Chao Han et al.

This paper presents an innovative benefit‐evaluation framework integrating predictive analysis, construction risks, and environmental considerations to address the issues of inadequate project benefits, complex decision‐making risks, and inefficient optimization in long‐term highway network maintenance planning. First, this paper develops a two‐parameter prediction model for the following pavement condition indicators: pavement condition index (PCI), rut depth index (RDI), riding quality index (RQI), and skid resistance index (SRI). The paper uses the G3 Jing Tai Expressway as a case study. The validation results for the prediction model demonstrated an overall relative error within 3% which indicates that the model has high accuracy in predicting the pavement condition of this highway. Second, within the Bayesian network theoretical framework, a probabilistic risk assessment model for road infrastructure was developed using predetermined risk metrics through GeNIe software, and the model was demonstrated and validated using operational data from the G3 Expressway. Beyond this, this study extends the traditional cost‐benefit analysis model by incorporating environmental and risk factors, establishing a novel benefit‐assessment framework tailored to practical engineering needs. Finally, by conducting another case involving a specific highway in Shandong Province, the optimal maintenance strategy with the highest benefits over a long period is identified. This further validates the feasibility of the road maintenance decision model.

Manish Man Shakya, K. Sasai, Felix Obunguta et al.

Nepal’s National Highway (NH) network is vital to meet the country's transportation demands and socio-economic development. However, a big fraction of NH network faces rapid deterioration due to increasing traffic, harsh climatic conditions and inefficient maintenance planning. This study presents a data driven framework for road management planning, utilizing the Markov hazard model for pavement deterioration for two major pavement types – Surface Dressing (SD) and Asphalt Concrete (AC) across two major climatic conditions - Tropical Savannah (Aw) and Temperate Climate with Dry winter (Cw). The framework incorporates Surface Distress Index (SDI), traffic volumes, and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of various maintenance and upgrading strategies using the Markov model. The result shows that Combined Maintenance (CM) which involves integration of routine and recurrent maintenance activities significantly delay pavement deterioration process, reducing periodic maintenance costs and improving road network performance. Upgrading SD pavement with higher deterioration rates to AC proves highly effective for high traffic roads, improving durability and overall network condition. The study evaluates several maintenance and upgrading strategies, highlighting the balance between LCC and the good to fair road percentage, enabling road agencies to set performance targets within budget constraints. The findings provide valuable information for policymakers and road agencies, emphasizing the importance of proactive, data-driven decision-making in road maintenance planning. Future research could explore indirect benefits, such as vehicle operating cost savings and reduced travel times, to further enhance the decision-making framework.

Yubian Wang

Oko-Ose Onolunose Hannah, O. Ngozi

Road pavement failure is a significant challenge affecting transportation infrastructure in Nigeria, particularly in areas with weak or unstable subgrade soils. The Warri-Sapele Highway in Delta State has experienced persistent pavement deterioration, often attributed to poor soil conditions beneath the pavement structure. This study evaluates the effectiveness of selected soil stabilization techniques in improving the engineering properties of subgrade soils along the highway. Soil samples were collected from various failed pavement sections and subjected to laboratory tests, including Atterberg limits, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, both before and after stabilization using materials such as lime and cement. The results revealed that the native soils exhibited low strength and high plasticity, which contribute to pavement failure. However, after stabilization, significant improvements were observed in strength parameters and load-bearing capacity. The study recommends appropriate stabilization techniques tailored to local soil conditions to enhance pavement longevity and minimize road maintenance costs in the region.

Xin Tian

This article takes the reconstruction and expansion project of the Tianjin section of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway as an example to systematically explore the design strategies for roadbed and pavement under the goal of green highway construction. During the research, after discussing the goals and policies of green highway construction in Beijing, in-depth research was conducted around the design of protective support engineering, soft foundation treatment, comprehensive utilization of earthwork, drainage systems, and pavement design to explore how the case project can achieve high-quality design based on the goal of green highway construction. It is hoped that this article can provide technical reference and value for China’s road and bridge engineering design and construction units, providing a low-carbon practice paradigm for the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei transportation, while promoting the sustainable development of China’s green highway concept.

Jinzi Zheng, Zhiyang Liu, Chenguang Li et al.

Under the increasing threat of extreme weather events, road infrastructure faces significant risks of flood-induced damage. Traditional manual inspection methods are insufficient for modern highway emergency response, which requires higher efficiency and accuracy. To enhance the precision and accuracy of flood damage identification, this study proposes an intelligent recognition system that integrates a multimodal large language model with a structured knowledge base. The system constructs a professional repository covering eight typical categories of flood damage, including roadbed, pavement, and bridge components, with associated attributes, visual features, and mitigation strategies. A vectorized indexing mechanism enables fine-grained semantic retrieval, while task-specific templates and prompt engineering guide the multimodal model, such as Qwen-VL-Max, which extracts risk elements from image–text inputs and generating structured identification results with expert recommendations. The system is evaluated on a real-world highway flood damage dataset. The results show that the knowledge-enhanced model performs better than the baseline and prompt-optimized models. It reaches 91.5% average accuracy, a semantic relevance score of 4.58 out of 5, and 85% robustness under difficult conditions. These results highlight the strong domain adaptability and practical value for real-time flood damage assessment and emergency response.

Deepesh Bansal, G. Ramana, M. Datta et al.

Juang Akbardin, Qaedi Zulfahmi, Khilyatul Khoiriyah et al.

The Pangalengan-Banjaran road section has a winding geometric condition. The large number of bend geometries resulted in many accidents due to visibility, radius, and widening of the pavement at the corner, inappropriate road slopes caused many accidents to occur. The research method used in this research is the evaluative research method and quantitative method. The growth of suburban highway infrastructure in Indonesia has previously improved suddenly lengthways with economic growth. The geometrical strategy of the highway has previously remained planned by the typical requirements and needs of the purposes of the highway amenities constructed. The submission of physical science ideas in planning the geometrical stage as a meaning in smearing theoretic physical science to the identical-geometric design. A centrifugal strength in the physical science idea is a straightforward value in scheming geometric straight configurations of the road. Theoretical thoughtful of engineering term of scheming geometrical design viewpoint, has remained created on the method of centrifugal strength in the circumstance of effort on vehicles drive in the highway caisson disease. The operation has constantly remained built on variable quantity which remained strong-minded by thoughtful to spread on reason of rational usefully. These measures are lumped through dipping the result of bigger centrifugal strength. Furthermore, the submission is also able to decrease chance-disposed to areas due to the impact of size-centrifugal services on the geometrical plan of the highway. Keywords: centrifugal force, geometric design, highways, driving comfort, Pangalengan-Banjaran roads

Gustavo Soares Santos, Luiza Ignez Mollica Marotta, Guilherme Augusto Bertelli Fernandes Clemente et al.

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the technical and economic benefits of using concrete pavements on Brazilian highways, considering their durability, resistance, maintenance costs and advantages in relation to traditional asphalt pavements.   Theoretical Reference: Road paving is a fundamental area of transportation infrastructure, with asphalt and concrete pavements being the main options used on roads and highways. While flexible asphalt-based pavement is widely used due to its lower initial cost and ease of application, rigid concrete pavement has gained prominence due to its advantages in durability and reduced maintenance requirements over time. Despite the higher initial cost, concrete becomes a more economical and sustainable solution in the long term, especially on highways with heavy traffic, where asphalt pavements tend to present deformations, cracks and frequent need for repairs. In addition, concrete pavement offers greater resistance to fatigue and climate variations, characteristics that contribute to its longer service life, around 30 years, compared to the typical 10 years of asphalt pavements. From an environmental and safety perspective, concrete pavements also have advantages, such as lower energy consumption for lighting, due to their high reflectivity, and better performance in rainy conditions, reducing the risk of hydroplaning and accidents. Therefore, the choice between asphalt and concrete pavements should consider not only the initial cost, but also the life cycle of the project, the traffic intensity, local climate conditions and the required durability, with rigid pavement offering a better cost-benefit ratio in situations of heavy traffic and where frequent maintenance is not feasible.   Method and Material: This study was developed based on a bibliographical research and comparative analysis between the different types of road paving, focusing on rigid concrete and flexible asphalt pavements. The research was structured in three main stages: literature review, material performance analysis and evaluation of construction techniques. In the first stage, scientific articles, technical standards and paving manuals were consulted to identify the technical characteristics and main advantages and disadvantages of each type of pavement. The second stage consisted of analyzing the performance of the pavements under different traffic and climate conditions, taking into account durability, fatigue resistance, adhesion, deformability and maintenance costs. In the third stage, an evaluation of the construction techniques and requirements for the application of concrete pavements was carried out, including the analysis of initial costs and the need for specialized labor. In addition, a comparison was made between the initial and maintenance costs over the useful life of each type of pavement, considering different traffic scenarios and road demand. The methodology followed a qualitative approach, with the collection of secondary data from existing studies and reports on road paving. Results and Discussions: The results obtained in this study confirm the advantages of concrete pavement over asphalt pavement, especially in scenarios of intense and heavy traffic. The comparative analysis showed that concrete pavement, despite having an initial installation cost approximately 30% higher than asphalt pavement, compensates for this investment over time due to its durability, which can reach up to 30 years without the need for major maintenance. In contrast, asphalt pavement, with an average useful life of 10 years, requires more frequent interventions to correct common pathologies, such as plastic deformations, wheel tracks and cracks caused by fatigue. In addition, concrete offers greater road safety, with a lower risk of hydroplaning and greater grip, especially in rainy conditions, which reduces braking time and, consequently, the occurrence of accidents. Another relevant point is its superior resistance to abrasion and the action of repetitive loads, which makes it ideal for highways with heavy traffic, bus corridors and industrial areas. Concrete pavement also stood out for its sustainable characteristics, since it can incorporate recycled materials and industrial waste into its composition, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts. On the other hand, the application of concrete pavement requires greater technical precision and strict control during execution, since errors in its installation can result in high costs for correction. Thus, the results indicate that the choice between rigid and flexible pavements should be based on a technical and economic analysis that considers the volume of traffic, the need for maintenance, long-term costs and environmental impacts, with concrete pavement being the most suitable solution for high-demand highways with heavy traffic, while asphalt may be more advantageous on roads with less traffic and in need of frequent repairs.   Research Implications: Research implications include the need to reevaluate paving choices in highway projects, favoring the use of concrete in high-traffic situations due to its durability, sustainability, and lower long-term maintenance costs.   Originality/Value: The originality and value of this research lies in its comprehensive and comparative approach between asphalt and concrete pavements, highlighting aspects often overlooked in previous studies. The research provides a detailed analysis of the durability, maintenance costs and sustainability of concrete pavements, highlighting their advantages in high-traffic contexts and their positive environmental implications. By integrating current data and considerations on environmental impact, such as the use of recycled materials, the study not only contributes to a deeper understanding of paving options, but also provides a basis for more informed public policy and more sustainable engineering practices. This innovative approach provides critical insight that can influence future infrastructure decisions and promote greater adoption of environmentally responsible paving solutions.

Artur Vinyukov-Proschenko, Valentyn Yaremenko, Viktor Voitsehovskiy

Introduction. The importance of ensuring environmental efficiency at enterprises in the transport and logistics sector is growing. The requirements for tools that are designed to ensure the implementation of this process in airports are constantly growing, which requires their constant addition and improvement. It is obvious that environmental monitoring is becoming an integral part of ensuring the strategic development of the airport and is defined by government institutions, investors and all stakeholders as mandatory. Problem Statement. International airports that are interested in their own development should try to implement the best quality tools to improve environmental efficiency. One of them is to be an adequate criterion-based assessment according to the relevant schemes and plans, which will become part of the airport's strategy for the coming decades. Purpose. Based on the defined criteria for assessing the environmental performance of international airports, to finalize and clarify the importance coefficients of these criteria, as well as to propose an effective scheme for implementing environmental measures at international airports, supporting it with appropriate calculations.

Susankar Chandra Acharjee, Prof. Hasib Mohammed Ahsan

Road Transportation is the major mode of transportation and is recognized as a significant contributor to the socio-economic development in many low-and-middle-income countries like in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, this transport system is now responsible for carrying about 70% of passengers and 60% of freights and increasing the share of modalities day by day with the development of road transport systems. The responsibility for the improvement and maintenance of the total road network of the country is assigned mainly to the Roads and Highways Department (RHD) and the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). But the road network belongs to LGED termed as “Rural Road” which is about 94% of the total road length and in the meantime, more than 40% is improved by mainly flexible pavements. However, the state of road traffic safety on many improved rural roads is poor due to narrow carriageways and shoulders along with roadside hazards. On the other hand, the overall road traffic safety in Bangladesh is poor compared to the developed and motorized countries. However, according to the police report, about 4000 people die and another 5000 people become injured by road traffic crashes in each year in Bangladesh but the World Health Organization estimates the fatalities are more than 25,000. However, Bangladesh has committed to achieving the targets 3.6 and 11.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) assigned by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 concerning the improvement of road traffic safety by halving 50% of fatalities by 2030. Therefore, the achievement of the above two targets depends on the improvement of road traffic safety on highways as well as rural roads. This research highlights the barriers to improving the safety of rural roads to achieve the above two targets by 2030.

Rumpa Chowdhury, Mir Tanvir Al Biruni, Antara Afia et al.

Medical waste incineration fly ash (MWIFA) contains heavy metals that are toxic by nature and pose numerous health risks. The paper deals with the suitability of MWIFA as a mineral filler in the bituminous layer as an alternative to conventional stone dust (SD) through an appropriate combination of engineering and environmental assessments. Engineering parameters, such as Marshall stability, stability loss, flow, unit weight, air voids (Va), voids filled with asphalt (VFA), and voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) of the asphalt mixtures, were evaluated with varying filler ratios, from 2% to 10%. All parameters for both fillers at optimum bitumen content satisfied the Marshall Mix Design criteria. The optimum bitumen contents of all filler ratios were within the standard limit recommended by the Bangladesh Roads and Highways Department. It was found that mixes prepared with MWIFA can resist moisture effects, making them durable in the monsoon. The mixes with 5.5% MWIFA as mineral filler performed the best, whereas 9% SD filler was required to achieve similar performance. The environmental test results show no environmental restriction on stabilizing the MWIFA into paving mixtures. The mobility of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Hg, and Zn) from the asphalt-MWIFA mix was insignificant. The cumulative concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb) from long-term leaching tests were far below the Dutch regulatory limit (U1). MWIFA can be considered an eco-friendly and sustainable mineral filler for the dense bituminous pavement layer.

Praise Onimisi Dawodu, A. C. Apata, U. Imoh et al.

Portland cement remains the major binder used in the construction of concrete pavements, interlocking stones, and many other aspects of construction, and this implies a high dependence on the commodity thus making it scares and expensive and hence the need to explore other alternatives. This research compares the use of waste plastics and Portland cement for the production of paving stones. In this study, three cases were considered, each case having a study sample and a control sample. Case 1, case 2, and case 3 had mix ratios of (in order of, binder to sand to granite) 1:1:1, 1:1:1.5, and 1:1.5:2.5 respectively, of which the controls were made using Portland cement as the binder and the samples were made with waste plastic as the binder. The comparison was done using compressive strength and water absorption resistance values of the controls and the sample. The results showed that paving stones made from Portland cement have better compressive strength in all cases compared to the samples, the highest compressive strength obtained from the controls was 45N/mm2 while that of the sample was 25N/mm2, however, the study sample showed the highest water absorption resistance percentage of 5%, when compared to the control samples which had as low as 0.8%. This infers that paving stones made from melted waste plastics may not be as strong as those made from Portland cement can be used for roads expected to carry lighter traffic, and are also very suitable for areas of high water table or areas prone to flooding. The samples in this research were made locally and were limited to the three mix ratios mentioned. Further research can be done using a mechanized method to produce the samples, also partial replacement of cement with waste plastic may hence the strength of the paving stone.

J. Anochie-Boateng, J. Malisa

Tanzania was faced with high incidences of premature rutting failures on their asphalt pavements. Some pavements experienced failures within one to two years after construction/rehabilitation. The objective of this investigation was to identify the factors which contributed to the observed failures on five rehabilitated road sections on a national highway in Tanzania. Pavement temperature data collection, traffic surveys, visual inspection, rut depth measurements, and Falling Weight Deflectometer tests constituted the main activities of the field investigation reported in this paper. Laboratory study included a visual assessment of cores extracted from the studied road sections to determine both physical and engineering properties including density, stiffness, strength, aggregate shape properties, grading and physio-chemical tests on the recovered binders. The results of the study indicated that the degree and extent of rutting on the investigated road sections was rated as severe., i.e., rutting ranged from 38 to 138 mm on the five sections when compared to the acceptable threshold value of 15 mm for high volume roads in Tanzania. The elastic deflection results indicated that the underlying layers of the pavement system were generally in a sound condition, which validated the suggestion that the rutting observed was mostly

Mira Lestira Hariani, Vanny Varadila, Jafar Mukhlis

Service quality and fares are very important parameters in the operation of the public transport system. BRT Trans Semarang is a bus-based public transportation system in Semarang city that is operated to overcome congestion and accommodate the movement of people in Semarang City. This study aims to evaluate the service performance and fares of BRT Trans Semarang and to determine the level of user satisfaction. The methods used in this study are observation, interviews, questionnaires and primary surveys. The data obtained is processed, analyzed and all indicators are evaluated referring to the Technical Guidelines for Organizing Public Transport in Urban Areas in the Fixed and Regular Routes of the Director General of Land Transportation 2002. The results show that: 1) overall the performance of BRT Trans Semarang services has met the standards , and there are 2 (two) indicators that doesn't meet the standards, are the average loading factor (utilization factor) and passenger waiting time; 2) Most passengers are satisfied with BRT Trans Semarang services; 3) The exixting fare applied is below the amount of the cost operation issued by the operator so it needs Government support (subsidies) to ensure BRT Trans Semarang can continue operate.

Arkadiusz Bylica, Anton Pashkevich

Abstract: Weather conditions always have a huge impact on air transport. Taking into account global climate changes, which have a great influence on such conditions, this problematic continues to be one of the most current research topics, especially in the context of the above-mentioned field of transport. This article attempts to present the issue of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and its potential influence on air transport. The aspects of lightning discharges and torrential rains, which are often accompanying them, were also discussed. Additionally, infrastructural and procedural solutions reducing the negative effects of unfavourable weather conditions are described. Keywords: Urban Heat Island; Air transport; Weather conditions

Mira Lestira Hariani, Muhammad Fadillah Azmi

Pengguna transportasi memiliki keinginan untuk mendapatkan layanan yang absolut dan setiap pengguna layanan mempunyai tingkat persepsi kepuasan berbeda, sesuai dengan misi dari Direktorat Jenderal Perkeretaapian tentang meningkatkan kinerja layanan transportasi perkeretaapian yang efisien dan efektif serta meningkatkan keselamatan transportasi perkeretaapian yang efektif perlu dilakukan evaluasi kinerja Kereta Api Argo Cheribon. Evaluasi kinerja operasional dan pelayanan Kereta Api Argo Cheribon dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan yang perlu diperbaiki atau ditingkatkan yang bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan Kereta Api Argo Cheribon. Parameter yang dianalisis yaitu frekuensi, waktu tempuh, headway, kecepatan tempuh, load factor, ATP dan WTP, serta kualitas pelayanan dalam kereta menggunakan metode CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index). Hasil evaluasi operasional berdasarkan dengan ketentuan waktu tempuh (Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan RI No. PM 63 Tahun 2019, 2019) baik/memenuhi, load factor  (Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan RI No. PM 17 Tahun 2018, 2018) kurang memenuhi, kecepatan tempuh (Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan RI No. PM 121 Tahun 2017, 2017) baik/memenuhi, sedangkan untuk kinerja pelayanan hasil dari perhitungan metode CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) memperoleh nilai sebesar 84% untuk masing-masing pertanyaan dan 83% untuk kelompok pertanyaan, maka kinerja pelayanan Kereta Api Argo Cheribon sangat puas menurut persepsi penumpang.

Flamur Salihu, Yusuf Kağan Demir

The driving cycle is a significant input for the micro-scale analysis of vehicle emission. Several cities around the world have developed driving cycles based on their driving behaviours, while Pristina still has a lack of studies on this issue. Thus, the first objective of this study was to represent the proper driver behaviour of passenger cars in Pristina by obtaining a driving cycle from real-time measurements on the road. The driving cycle was developed by extracting the micro-trips from 53 491 s of data using a “3-sequential points” algorithm, where 780 micro-trips were detected. Using the K-means method from 780 micro-trips, we selected only 25 to develop the final driving cycle. The second objective was to analyse the effects of different intersections on the final driving cycle parameters. We found that the final driving cycle had significant differences from driving cycle of other cities. Driving habits in Pristina are more aggressive compared to other European cities. Also, we found that the average speed of roundabouts and un-signalized intersections was statistically different from signalized intersections.

Alina Yunak, Ivan Kopynets, Oksana Sokolova

Introduction. Asphalt concrete is the most common material for arranging road pavement layers. The significant advantages of asphalt concrete include high performance characteristics, relatively high technical indicators, suitability for regeneration, etc. At the same time, asphalt concrete also has disadvantages, one of which is the significant dependence of strength and deformation characteristics on ambient temperature. Problem statement. Currently, there are no clear criteria for the selection of bitumen in Ukraine that would take into account the conditions of asphalt concrete in the design of pavement structure, but the first steps are already being taken in this direction. The purpose of this work was to practically determine the required properties of bitumen in accordance with the previously proposed algorithms.