Hasil untuk "Geography (General)"

S. Manabe, R. Stouffer

John Scott

M. D. Schwartz

Francisco José Cantarero Prados, Hugo Castro Noblejas, Jorge Andrés Mármol Rivera

Este estudio analiza el grado de influencia de diversas características habitacionales —especialmente la capacidad restauradora del paisaje observado desde las viviendas— en el malestar psicológico generado en situaciones de inmovilidad domiciliaria. La metodología parte de una encuesta online realizada durante el confinamiento domiciliario ocasionado por la enfermedad por Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). En ella se consideraron variables espaciales como la localización, la amplitud de la vivienda y la valoración subjetiva del paisaje visible desde la vivienda. El análisis estadístico se estructura en tres niveles: primero, mediante tablas de contingencia y test chi-cuadrado, explorando asociaciones marginales y construyendo perfiles en función de variables demográficas y ambientales relacionadas con la presencia de sentimientos negativos; posteriormente, se emplea un árbol de decisión para detectar combinaciones de factores que explican patrones de respuesta complejos; finalmente, se ajusta un modelo de regresión logística múltiple para cuantificar los efectos individuales e interactivos mediante medidas de significación estadística y odds ratios. Los resultados muestran que las personas jóvenes y aquellas que no valoraban previamente las vistas desde su vivienda fueron las más afectadas en términos emocionales, mientras que el hecho de disponer de una vivienda más amplia ayudó a reducir ese impacto. Además, la valoración positiva del paisaje observado desde el domicilio está relacionada con una mayor restauración psicológica. Estas conclusiones refuerzan la importancia de la planificación territorial y del diseño urbanístico en la calidad de vida, destacando la necesidad de integrar el paisaje en las estrategias de ordenación del territorio y desarrollo urbano. La investigación aporta evidencia sobre cómo los elementos espaciales influyen en la percepción y el bienestar de la población, destacando el papel fundamental de la Geografía en el estudio de la interacción entre las personas y su entorno construido.

Yasmine Bedoui, Zein Kallas, Adrià Menéndez i Molist et al.

Pricing is an essential element that significantly impacts the supply chain mechanisms. The primary objective of this study is to explore the transmission of producer-to-consumer prices in the Spanish fresh tomato industry. Employing the Threshold Vector Autoregressive model, and subsequently utilizing the Generalized Impulse Response Function, we investigated the nonlinear price adjustments that occur in response to positive and negative shocks affecting both tomato prices of consumers and producers. The findings show a clear pattern of distinct reactions between segments in response to shocks. Specifically, the speed and intensity of consumer price responses to producer price shocks appear to surpass those observed when producer prices respond to consumer price shocks. Furthermore, it is evident from the current research that the behavior of producers has evolved from earlier studies that utilized outdated information, suggesting a more competitive approach. The research identifies a new trend in producer behavior within the supply chain. By analyzing tomato price fluctuations, it advances current knowledge and provides essential market insights to support informed decision-making.

R. Hassink

C. C. Correa Ayram, M. Mendoza, A. Etter et al.

Maximiliano Prada

A través de distintas formas de comprender la expresión “derecho a la filosofía”, Jacques Derrida, en el texto Privilegio o del Derecho a la Filosofía, abre perspectivas sobre la idea de la filosofía como derecho. A modo de ejercicio interpretativo, el presente trabajo busca profundizar sobre la idea misma de la filosofía como derecho desde la perspectiva de la enseñanza de la filosofía. Inicialmente, distingue entre la forma adverbial del término “derecho” y su forma sustantiva. Invirtiendo el centro de atención, consideramos también el enlace expresado como “filosofía del derecho” (filosofía genitiva). La forma adverbial y la forma sustantiva, a su turno, permiten identificar dos registros de la discusión: la crítica a las instituciones y la crítica a la filosofía como saber. Tras estas distinciones, el artículo se aproxima a las formas de positivización del derecho en instituciones educativas. Buscamos sostener que comprender la filosofía como derecho lleva a pensar de nuevo la enseñanza, ya no como proceso de instrucción inerte, sino como posibilidad del pensar filosófico. El escrito se acompaña de ejemplos sobre el caso colombiano, en donde, durante los años 2023 y 2024, se trabajó para que la filosofía fuera establecida como derecho en la legislación nacional.

Guangwen Song, Jiajun Liang, Linlin Wu et al.

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of online fraud cases. However, research on crime geography has paid little attention to online crimes, especially to the influencing factors behind their spatial distributions. Online fraud is closely related to people’s daily internet use. The existing literature has explored the impact of internet use on online crimes based on small samples of individual interviews. There is a lack of large-scale studies from a community perspective. This study applies the routine activity theory to online activities to test the relationship between online fraud alert data and the usage durations of different types of mobile phone users’ applications (apps) for communities in ZG City. It builds negative binomial regression models for analyzing the impact of the usage of different types of apps on the spatial distribution of online fraud. The results reveal that the online fraud crime rate and the online time spent on a financial management app share the most similar spatial distribution. While financial management, online education, transportation, and search engine app usages have a significant positive association with online fraud, the use of a financial management app has the greatest impact. Additionally, time spent on social media, online shopping and entertainment, and mobile reading apps have a significant negative association with online fraud. As not all online activities lead to cybercrime, crime prevention efforts should target specific types of apps, such as financial management, online education, transportation, and search engines.

Yang Hu, Jacqueline Scott

Luz Niyereth Vásquez Acevedo, Dora Inés Arroyave Giraldo

La pandemia ocasionada por el Covid-19 representó para la escuela cambios importantes en la forma de plantear y conducir su propuesta pedagógica, lo cual hizo necesaria la reflexión sobre los aprendizajes para la vida y la construcción de nuevas ciudadanías. La metodología es resultado de un análisis, interpretación y síntesis documental de textos producidos durante la pandemia y que aportan a la comprensión de los retos que se generan en la postpandemia. Se plantea la escuela como escenario que trasciende la transmisión del conocimiento hacia una ciudadanía que aprende para la vida, en el contexto.  Se resalta la importancia de reconocer los procesos sociales gestados alrededor de la escuela como una oportunidad para fortalecer las relaciones con la comunidad y desde allí, configurar una propuesta educativa que mejore las condiciones del contexto en el que realiza su acción pedagógica.   Finalmente, se enfatiza en la importancia del acto educativo en el emprendimiento de una transformación ciudadana orientada en los principios de equidad y justicia social, como aporte a la construcción de ciudadanías críticas, democráticas y participativas, corresponsables con las comunidades y abiertos a la alteridad.

Xue Yang, Yanjia Cao, Anqi Wu et al.

The question of whether each building of housing estate has equal access to nearby social service resources (e.g., public transportation service, catering, entertainment, etc.) is a major concern of citizens. This paper takes Wuhan as a case to explore the equality in social service resource sharing of the housing estate at a microscopic level by analyzing the accessibility of each building under different travel patterns. To estimate the accessibility of each building, we developed a novel model with multi-travel modes and residential suitability evaluation of residents. The specific values of the parameters involved in the proposed model were extracted from the multi-source spatial data such as social media data, census data, point of interest, and road network data. These data were acquired from multiple platforms, e.g., Gaode map, OSM (OpenStreetMap), and GeoQ. We chose three types of districts in the city of Wuhan, including the old central district, new central district, and suburban district. We applied the proposed model to assess the accessibility of communities in these districts. Based on the results, we further analyzed whether and to what extent the distribution of each building in urban communities is equitable for social service resource sharing in China.

Aline dos Santos Lima

O processo histórico de formação do território brasileiro ensejou a coexistência de grupos sociais que se reproduzem numa relação desigual na qual a riqueza é concentrada entre poucos e a pobreza compartilhada por muitos, especialmente no campo. Essa relação desigual tem promovido disputas por modelos distintos de sociedade, além do uso da violência que se manifesta na exclusão e expropriação, não somente do acesso à terra, mas também do acesso ao conhecimento e a possibilidade de desenvolvimento pleno do modo de vida. Esse histórico de violência tem adquirido um tom diferente, especialmente quando frações do capital vem assumindo formas cada vez mais elaboradas para subordinar o trabalhador do campo ao dificultar a luta pela/na terra. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar como a Organização Odebrecht vem recriando os mecanismos de subordinação no campo a partir da junção entre as dimensões do educar e do trabalhar. Para tanto, a holding Odebrecht S.A. difundiu um modelo de educação pelo trabalho a partir da criação de cinco projetos educacionais e de geração de trabalho e renda que agregam a escolarização e o trabalho como pilares.

Júnio Gregório Roza Santos, Selma Simões Castro

O insucesso da política de Projetos de Assentamentos Rurais (PAs) no País é amplamente conhecido e estudado por meio de metodologias de avaliação do seu desempenho, sendo que poucos utilizaram indicadores e respectivos parâmetros integrados de avaliação da sustentabilidade. Este artigo objetiva apresentar os resultados de aplicação de metodologia baseada na análise de Funções de Uso das Terras – FUT, como condicionantes estruturantes da sustentabilidade, aplicada a PAs do estado de Goiás, comparativamente bem e mal sucedidos, representativos de duas regiões bem contrastadas ambiental e socioeconomicamente, o Nordeste goiano e o Sul goiano. Os resultados indicaram que o PA do Nordeste goiano pode ser considerado insustentável, mas preserva grande parte do Cerrado nativo, o que lhe atribui uma qualificação contraditória. Já o PA do Sul Goiano, sustentável, exibe maior equilíbrio entre os fatores sociais, econômicos e ambientais estudados embora preserve apenas a cobertura obrigatória pela legislação ambiental.

G. Gröger, T. H. Kolbe, A. Czerwinski et al.

A. Comber, C. Brunsdon, R. Radburn

BackgroundThis paper analyses the relationship between public perceptions of access to general practitioners (GPs) surgeries and hospitals against health status, car ownership and geographic distance. In so doing it explores the different dimensions associated with facility access and accessibility.MethodsData on difficulties experienced in accessing health services, respondent health status and car ownership were collected through an attitudes survey. Road distances to the nearest service were calculated for each respondent using a GIS. Difficulty was related to geographic distance, health status and car ownership using logistic generalized linear models. A Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was used to explore the spatial non-stationarity in the results.ResultsRespondent long term illness, reported bad health and non-car ownership were found to be significant predictors of difficulty in accessing GPs and hospitals. Geographic distance was not a significant predictor of difficulty in accessing hospitals but was for GPs. GWR identified the spatial (local) variation in these global relationships indicating locations where the predictive strength of the independent variables was higher or lower than the global trend. The impacts of bad health and non-car ownership on the difficulties experienced in accessing health services varied spatially across the study area, whilst the impacts of geographic distance did not.ConclusionsDifficulty in accessing different health facilities was found to be significantly related to health status and car ownership, whilst the impact of geographic distance depends on the service in question. GWR showed how these relationships were varied across the study area. This study demonstrates that the notion of access is a multi-dimensional concept, whose composition varies with location, according to the facility being considered and the health and socio-economic status of the individual concerned.

A. Jones, James T. Murphy

Marleny Restrepo Valencia, Arney Alfonso Vega Martínez

Este artículo se preocupó por identificar la normativa vigente en torno al uso del espacio público y su pertinencia en la inclusión de las demandas de los ciudadanos, en el marco de análisis de las dinámicas de la construcción de la ciudadanía en Montería a partir de las prácticas legales e ilegales. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa, se analizó el aspecto normativo de dos administraciones locales (2008-2011, 2012-2015), las cuales se comprometieron con el proceso de transformación urbanística de la ciudad; esto fue ampliado con la consulta de prensa local. De manera general, se puede establecer la co-existencia y la fricción entre dos tipos de ciudades: la primera, es la ciudad impuesta por la norma que reglamenta un espacio público concebido/maquetizado; la segunda, es la ciudad propuesta por el ciudadano que construye espacio público a partir de sus prácticas, vivencias y usos sobre él, desestimada en todo caso por la norma.

Singgih Tri Sulistiyono

One of the most important objectives of this article is analyse wether or not the idea of the Indonesian identity as a maritime nation is instructed at school in the form of teaching materials. In this respect the history subject at senior high school bocomes the focus of the study. The history subject strategically can be benefitted as the medium of strengthening the Indonesian naitonal identity as a maritime nation. This matter is very important to be studied considering the fact that untill now the issue of national identity of Indonesian nation is still to be debated wether or not Indonesia will be developed to be maritime state or conversely to be agrarian state.  But many Indonesian believe that their ancestors were maritime people. And they confident that only the people who built the country based on thier identity could be a great nation. This article argues that although the maritime history of the great potential in the process of identity formation of Indonesia as a maritime nation and has the potential to strengthen national integration, but aspects of maritime history has not taught proportionally in Indonesian history textbooks.

Ж.Л. Козина, Е.А. Репко, С.В. Козин et al.

<p><em>The aim of the work</em> was to determine the algorithm for system analysis of the individualization of the process of training athletes on the basis of common natural-scientific laws in nature. <em>Material and methods</em>. Methods of research: theoretical analysis of literary data, methods of pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, physiological, biochemical, psychophysiological methods of research, methods of mathematical statistics. <em>Results.</em> It is shown that the creation of effective individual training programs for athletes requires the use of a system analysis of various aspects of the functioning of the organism. The basic laws of development of an athlete or team repeat the general patterns of development of complex systems in animate and inanimate nature. For the analysis of the athlete as a system and the creation of individual training programs, it is necessary to rely on the structure of preparedness and regularity of the dynamics of gaming performance. Conclusions. The use of individual training programs in combination with universal methods of individualization increases the effectiveness of competitive activities.</p>