Hasil untuk "Folklore"

D. Ben-Amos

Aftab Ahmad, A. Husain, M. Mujeeb et al.

Robert C. Davis, D. Mcclelland

S. Goldwasser, S. Micali, R. Rivest

Igor Halperin

This volume, \textbf{Physicists Are Still Joking}, serves as a definitive almanac of scientific humor spanning sixty years. It traces the evolution of professional folklore across geopolitical divides and technological eras. \textbf{Part I} restores the classic 1966 anthology \textbf{Physicists Joke}, which originally served as a window for Soviet scientists into the best traditions of Western scientific humor; it consists primarily of articles translated from English, here meticulously restored to their original wording. \textbf{Part II} presents the 1992 sequel, \textbf{Physicists Keep Joking}, which captures the shift toward an original, introspective Russian scientific folklore born during the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. \textbf{Part III: Still Joking} explores the modern digital age, compiling contemporary science humor from physics, astronomy, biology, computer science and AI research. While the tools of science have evolved from slide rules to neural networks, the tradition of skeptical, self-referential wit remains a constant. Spanning from the "Golden Age" of vacuum tubes to the era of AI and Large Language Models, this collection documents the enduring ability of scientists to laugh at the universe and themselves.

Victor-Emmanuel Brunel, Pierre Pansu

In this short note, we prove that all geodesically convex functions defined on a Riemannian manifold are continuous in the interior of their domain. This is a folklore result, but to the best of our knowledge, there is only one available proof, which is largely cited. However, it contains a significant gap, which we fill here. We also discuss extensions of this result beyond the Riemannian setting.

C. Evans Hedges

This paper provides a brief write-up showing that for any finite state game, a disjunctive number $x$ will eventually win that game. The proof techniques here are well known and this result follows immediately from folklore results in graph theory and cellular automata. This short paper primarily serves as an expositional piece to collect this proof with the fun context of $π$ Plays Pokémon serving as motivation.

Serafima S. Panfilova, Tatiana P. Devyatkina

Introduction. Currently, there is a growing relevance in the study of animism within the traditional cultures of Finno-Ugric ethnic groups in the academic sphere. In this regard, a number of scientific gaps concerning the Mordovian people have been identified, necessitating further scholarly attention. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of the concept of the “human soul” in the traditional worldview of the Mordva. Based on this, the authors propose their own model of the “human soul” within traditional Mordovian culture. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted based on published folklore-ethnographic materials, the authors’ field materials, and their own observations. The following research methods were employed in the work: the descriptive method, which allowed for the generalization of folklore and field materials; the systemic method, applied for the comprehensive analysis of folklore materials in their interconnection with ethnographic facts and cultural-historical processes; and the structural-typological method, which helped construct a comprehensive model of the concept of the “human soul” in the traditional culture of the Mordovians. Results and Discussion. A comprehensive model of the concept of the “human soul” in the traditional culture of the Mordovians has been proposed, integrating structural, functional, and substantive components. For the first time, the soul of a living person was examined: its acquisition, location within the body, and external appearance. Additionally, information was supplemented regarding the transition of the soul to the afterlife, its existence there, and its interaction with the world of the living. A hypothesis was put forward about the possible belief among the Mordovians in the reincarnation of the soul among relatives. The authors concluded that in modern Mordovian culture, the rituals of commemorating the deceased’s soul have undergone significant transformation and exhibit similarities with those of Orthodox Finno-Ugric peoples and Russians. Conclusion. The conclusions drawn by the authors contribute to the development of research on the traditional worldview of the Mordovian people. The proposed comprehensive model of the concept of the “human soul” can be applied to the study of animistic beliefs in the traditional cultures of other Finno-Ugric ethnic groups.

Andrey Ryabichev, Konstantin Shcherbakov

Given a real cubic function $f(x)$ with three roots, take an equilateral triangle $ABC$, the projections of which vertices are the roots of $f(x)$. There is a folklore fact that the vertical lines through the extrema of $f(x)$ are tangent to the inscribed circle of $ABC$. We generalise this fact to a regular $n$-gon and the corresponding degree $n$ polynomial.

Imanol Molina Valles, Antonio Sánchez-Bayón, Javier Sastre Segovia

La enseñanza de música en las aulas europeas (dentro del Plan Bolonia) suele estar muy reglada, con una semiótica muy académica y con bajo atractivo para los alumnos. Esta es una propuesta de innovación en el aula, mediante el aprendizaje de zamba argentina, para desarrollar la multiculturalidad y expresividad de los estudiantes españoles. Este es un proyecto de innovación docente que se ha realizado en varios colegios e institutos, con resultados muy positivos, al despertar la inquietud de los estudiantes por el folklore de otros pueblos y por la semiótica popular, que permite trasladar los sonidos cotidianos a la creatividad musical. También, se han mejorado habilidades psicomotrices, comunicativas y empáticas, mejorándose las relaciones interculturales.

Alexander Gnedin

The infinite random size-biased order with arbitrary positive size parameters is introduced in terms of independent exponential random variables. We collect basic properties and constructions of the order, some of which belong to the folklore, and show how the order type (e.g. ${\mathbb Z}_{>0}, {\mathbb Q}$ or any other possible) depends on parameters.

D. Urnokhdelger

The history of Russian Mongolian studies occupies an important place in modern World Mongolian studies. The history of Russian Mongolian studies is associated with the names of famous scientists (N.Ya. Bichurin, O.M. Kovalevsky, D. Banzarov, V.P. Vasiliev, A.M. Pozdneev, A.D. Rudnev, B.Ya. Vladimirtsov). Academician B.Ya. Vladimirtsov made a great contribution to this field with his scientific creativity. Published works testify to the wide range of scientific interests of the famous Russian scientist. In 1908, the researcher traveled to Western Mongolia and began to collect Mongolian folklore, including Oirat songs. Then, in 1911, 1926, and 1935, he traveled to Mongolia again, and collected field materials on oral literature, history, culture, local dialects, and written monuments. His book “Obraztsy narodnoy slovesnosti” (1926) is an important work in the study of Oirat songs, and it contains Oirat local songs such as “Batar Beeliyin Unaga”, “Nariyin Goviyin Zeerd”, “Khargai dungiyin Alim”, and “Zeergenetiyin Shil” in transliteration, preserving the features of the oral dialect. The article discusses the features of these folk songs, denoted in italics.

Gulnaz R. Izhbaeva, Aigerim S. Myrzagalieva, Larisa N. Temeresheva

Background. This article examines the opposition of the concepts “baylyk-baylyk”, “kedeilik-yarlylyk” in the paremiological units of the Kazakh and Tatar languages. It is well known that proverbs are mostly closely related to the external factors of human life. Paremias react realistically to phenomena, reflect an ethnic worldview, and express philosophical, aesthetic, and religiously pragmatic folk views. Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the expression of the oppositional concepts “baylyk-baylyk”, “kedeilik-yarlylyk” in Kazakh and Tatar paroemias. Materials and methods. In the research work, a detailed analysis of proverbs and sayings of the Kazakh and Tatar languages containing units of lexical and semantic groups “baylyk-baylyk”, “kedeilik-yarlylyk” was carried out. The following research methods are used in the work: conceptual, diachronic analyses, methods of comparative linguoculturological analysis. Results. The concepts “baylyk-baylyk”, “kedeilik-yarlylyk” in the Kazakh and Tatar paremiological system represent both universal and specific features of the linguistic world pictures of the two peoples through various ethnospecific images. As a result of the study, it was revealed that these concepts in the paremias serve as a reflection not only of the material situation, but also of the spiritual state of a person. A brief dialogue with the use of paremias is instructive in nature and often asserts the priority of moral values over material goods. Practical implications. The results of the research can be used both in the main course of teaching Kazakh and Tatar languages, and in elective courses of cognitive linguistics, conceptology, literary studies, folklore, and can also be useful for research in the field of linguistic worldviews of the Kazakh and Tatar peoples.

N.E. Chernoivanova

No abstract.

Adishirinov Kamil Fikrat

The paper examines the moral and didactic aspects of lyrical and satirical poet Yakub Mahir’s poetry, who wrote and worked in the second half of the 22th and early 21th centuries in the literary milieu of Shaki city (Azerbaijan). The main object of the research is the moral and didactic aspects in the Yagub Mahir’s poetry. The moral views of the poet, his lyrical works are analysed by subject and genre. The author studies the presentation of various topics based on an ideal idea. The relevance and scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact, that this is the first study of moral views in the Yagub Mahir’s creativity – the national poet and representative of the Shaki literary milieu.

Andrey L. Toporkov

The article analyzes one of the “parafolklore” texts published by Ivan Petrovich Sakharov (1807–1863) in his edition “Tales of the Russian people about the family life of their ancestors.” It is about a song which is interpolated into the description of the ritual “opahivanie,” designed to protect the village from the epizootic and expel the “Cow Death” from it. It has been established that the description of the rite of “ploughing” itself was created by I.P. Sakharov based on the description of this rite published twice by V.B. Bronevsky in 1827 and 1828, and I.P. Sakharov stylistically “decorated” and expanded the text of his predecessor. The song, absent in Bronevsky’s composition, is compiled by Sakharov himself, we believe, on the basis of some real “opahivaniye” songs with addition of some motives, borrowed from authentic works of Russian folklore and from “parafolklore” works of Sakharov himself. In the case of such works we are dealing with a special kind of literary stylization, involving the reworking of authentic folklore texts or composing original works on a folklore basis. At the same time, the composer pays attention not only to the form and content of his texts, but also to special techniques of misleading the reader about their origin (in this case, the “parafolklore” text is interpolated into a description of a real rite).

Paolo Lipparini

A folklore argument shows that Frattini's characterization of non-generators works in the framework of algebraic partially ordered sets. We provide characterizations of non-generators in arbitrary partially ordered sets. The validity of some characterizations is equivalent to Zorn's Lemma, hence to the Axiom of choice. We notice that working on closure spaces or posets provides no essential improvement.

Jack Morgan Davies

Homotopy theory folklore tells us that the sheaf defining the cohomology theory Tmf of topological modular forms is unique up to homotopy. Here we provide a proof of this fact, although we claim no originality for the statement. This retroactively reconciles all previous constructions of Tmf.

Karonen, Petri

Саадат Іманова

The presented research is devoted to the study of the rhythmic organization’s peculiarities in the songs of E. Sabitoglu. Emin Sabitoglu is an outstanding Azerbaijani composer, whose work leaves many generations of domestic listeners not indifferent. The work of Emin Sabitoglu, being famous and popular, often attracts the attention of Azerbaijani musicologists. At the same time, the stylistic features of the composer’s songs have never before become the object of special scientific research. The purpose of the research is to study one of the important elements of the musical language in the songs of the Azerbaijani composer E. Sabitoglu, namely rhythm, to determine the features of their rhythmic organization. The research methodology is determined by the purpose of the research, for the achievement of which, the author uses a comprehensive analysis. At the same time, theoretical analytical analysis has acquired a leading role in the research process. The scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time in musicology determining the features of rhythmic organization in the songs of the Azerbaijani composer Emin Sabitoglu is being solved. Conclusions. A detailed analysis of the rhythmic basis of E. Sabitoglu’s songs demonstrated the presence of certain stylistic features in this area. Firstly, it is a rhythmic ostinato, used in a variety of practically all-vocal miniatures of the  composer. Secondly, the rhythmic variation, widespread in the songs of the composer, has many ways of implementation in the development of each specific song. Note that the presence of the principle of rhythmic variation in the songs of the composer is associated with the traditions of national vocal folklore since the variation is one of the leading principles of development in Azerbaijani folk songs. Thirdly, the method of sound visualization takes an essential place in E. Sabitoglu’s songs, the realization of which is directly conditioned by the use of expressive possibilities of rhythm. The use of expressive possibilities of rhythm in this area contributes to the creation of a vivid and almost visibly felt artistic image.