Hasil untuk "Epistemology. Theory of knowledge"

Karl-Erik Sveiby

Alison M. Jaggar

Lorraine Code

Derya Akbaba, Lauren Klein, Miriah Meyer

A growing body of work draws on feminist thinking to challenge assumptions about how people engage with and use visualizations. This work draws on feminist values, driving design and research guidelines that account for the influences of power and neglect. This prior work is largely prescriptive, however, forgoing articulation of how feminist theories of knowledge — or feminist epistemology — can alter research design and outcomes. At the core of our work is an engagement with feminist epistemology, drawing attention to how a new framework for how we know what we know enabled us to overcome intellectual tensions in our research. Specifically, we focus on the theoretical concept of entanglement, central to recent feminist scholarship, and contribute: a history of entanglement in the broader scope of feminist theory; an articulation of the main points of entanglement theory for a visualization context; and a case study of research outcomes as evidence of the potential of feminist epistemology to impact visualization research. This work answers a call in the community to embrace a broader set of theoretical and epistemic foundations and provides a starting point for bringing feminist theories into visualization research.

Nadine Schuurman

This chapter presents Epicurus’s theory of knowledge as a response to the epistemological pessimism of Democritus. The first section discusses the three “criteria of truth”—sense impressions, preconceptions, and the feelings of pleasure and pain; and also Epicurus’s account of perceptual error, by which he tried to show that the senses do after all offer true and consistent, if sometimes fragmentary, information. The second section deals with Epicurus’s scientific method, i.e. the confirmation and refutation of beliefs or theoretical hypotheses. In a final section, I briefly discuss the role of the feelings as criteria in ethics, and the kind of reasoning Epicurus used to call ἐπιλογισμός.

Luís Gustavo Guerreiro Moreira

Este artigo analisa o papel dos intelectuais indígenas na resistência ao regime militar brasileiro e na construção do movimento indígena pós-ditadura. Destaca-se como eles utilizaram sua produção intelectual e ativismo para desafiar políticas repressivas, preservar culturas indígenas e lutar pela autodeterminação. O estudo examina a formação de movimentos de resistência, a influência na formulação de políticas públicas e o impacto na academia. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em revisão de literatura e análise documental, o artigo explora as contribuições de líderes como Ailton Krenak, Davi Kopenawa e Sônia Guajajara. Conclui-se que os intelectuais indígenas deixaram um legado duradouro, promovendo um diálogo intercultural, desafiando estruturas de poder estabelecidas e contribuindo para a construção de uma sociedade menos desigual e mais inclusiva, com impactos que se estendem até o período pós-ditadura.

Rongwu Xu, Zehan Qi, Zhijiang Guo et al.

This survey provides an in-depth analysis of knowledge conflicts for large language models (LLMs), highlighting the complex challenges they encounter when blending contextual and parametric knowledge. Our focus is on three categories of knowledge conflicts: context-memory, inter-context, and intra-memory conflict. These conflicts can significantly impact the trustworthiness and performance of LLMs, especially in real-world applications where noise and misinformation are common. By categorizing these conflicts, exploring the causes, examining the behaviors of LLMs under such conflicts, and reviewing available solutions, this survey aims to shed light on strategies for improving the robustness of LLMs, thereby serving as a valuable resource for advancing research in this evolving area.

S. Castell

"Ludic epistemology" references the need for educational game studies to remediate traditional (linguistically mediated) epistemologies. Its guiding questions are about what it means to encode knowledge in the form of a game, and how we might conceive coming to know as a process of playing. In digital game studies, a theory of ludic epistemology is concerned with the distinctive demands of-and the particular constraints upon knowledge representation in the development of computer-supported game-based learning environments. Its primary theoretical questions are about the re-mediation of educational knowledge and its representation. What educational game studies does for curriculum is to radically stir things up. Its core theoretical project of formulating a "ludic epistemology" can advance epistemic inquiries into media and learning, and respond to what have become serious questions for educators about how game-based technologies for learning, and emergent digital epistemologies, reform and re-forge relations between learning and play.

Iwan Setiawan, Anis Fauzi, Moh Suhri Rohmansyah

In the process of observing to satisfy human curiosity, it is carried out in certain ways, certain methods, by the process of scientific activities, especially in Islamic education management. Method as a way to observe a process of scientific activity. The method as a way to observe something, the process of scientific activity, must also be in certain ways, which can be justified as a scientific activity. The scientific method is a procedure in obtaining knowledge which is called science. scientific knowledge born of the scientific method in order to become scientific truth. Scientific truth is a clear and definite knowledge of the truth according to scientific norms. Epistemology is a philosophy of science that is reasoning or thought, the scientific method and scientific truth are part of the scope of the philosophy of science in the new theory of Islamic education management

Moreno Stedile

O artigo apresenta um estudo de caso sobre a obra Etiópia Oriental de frei João dos Santos, tendo em conta sua singularidade na produção de conhecimento sobre a África centro-oriental. Observamos os sentidos atribuídos ao saber que provém da experiência e as formas de validação epistêmica na alta idade moderna. A produção de saberes que articula os centros metropolitanos às fronteiras dos impérios marítimos desvela dinâmicas das zonas de contato e regimes de circulação próprios dessas redes imperiais. Tomando como objeto os registros sobre animais africanos, pontuamos as formas de agenciamento e redes locais, os modos de mediação, tradução e a dimensão negociada dessa produção textual.

Bradley P. Allen, Lise Stork, Paul Groth

Knowledge engineering is a discipline that focuses on the creation and maintenance of processes that generate and apply knowledge. Traditionally, knowledge engineering approaches have focused on knowledge expressed in formal languages. The emergence of large language models and their capabilities to effectively work with natural language, in its broadest sense, raises questions about the foundations and practice of knowledge engineering. Here, we outline the potential role of LLMs in knowledge engineering, identifying two central directions: 1) creating hybrid neuro-symbolic knowledge systems; and 2) enabling knowledge engineering in natural language. Additionally, we formulate key open research questions to tackle these directions.

Haotian Li, Bin Yu, Yuliang Wei et al.

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) revolves around populating missing triples in a knowledge graph using available information. Text-based methods, which depend on textual descriptions of triples, often encounter difficulties when these descriptions lack sufficient information for accurate prediction-an issue inherent to the datasets and not easily resolved through modeling alone. To address this and ensure data consistency, we first use large language models (LLMs) to generate coherent descriptions, bridging the semantic gap between queries and answers. Secondly, we utilize inverse relations to create a symmetric graph, thereby providing augmented training samples for KGC. Additionally, we employ the label information inherent in knowledge graphs (KGs) to enhance the existing contrastive framework, making it fully supervised. These efforts have led to significant performance improvements on the WN18RR and FB15k-237 datasets. According to standard evaluation metrics, our approach achieves a 4.2% improvement in Hit@1 on WN18RR and a 3.4% improvement in Hit@3 on FB15k-237, demonstrating superior performance.

Thomas Teo

Critical race theory guides the analysis of the nature of a white epistemology in psychological science, the consequences for the study of race, and how scientific racism has been possible in the pursuit of knowledge. The article argues that race has not only been misused in the politics of psychology but misappropriated because of the logic of psychological science. The epistemic process is divided into four components to argue that naïve empiricist approaches in psychology, centered on scientific method, prevent an intricate understanding of race. Reasons for privileging method in psychology and the consequences of a white epistemology are discussed, including a narrow epistemic horizon and an inability to account for the temporality and contextuality of psychological phenomena. Ignorance, failure, or unwillingness to account for epistemic complexity when studying race are identified as problems. Questions about who benefits from narrow epistemologies are answered and suggestions for a broader practice of knowledge and education are provided.

B. Omodan

Despite the importance of a theoretical framework in research, researchers face several challenges when selecting a theoretical framework for their study among which are a lack of agreement as to what constitutes a theory, a lack of a single theoretical framework that applies to all social science research, and selection based on personal conviction and interest rather than on the suitability of the theory to the research problem and the paradigmatic orientation of the chosen theory, which takes account of the epistemological assumptions. This study, therefore, aims to develop a model capable of enhancing the researcher's knowledge towards selecting an appropriate theoretical framework. The article is conceptual and dependent on logical arguments by presenting four paradigms alongside their epistemological standpoints. I argued the epistemology of research paradigms and their theoretical lensing using conceptual analysis to analyse the concepts and make sense of them. The study concludes that hypothesis, statistical/mathematical postulations, projections via research questions, and models are better to underpin studies under the positivist/post-positivist paradigm. Descriptive and analytic theories are better used when working within the interpretive paradigm. While transformative paradigm is best to be underpinned within critical theory, postcolonial theories and postcolonial indigenous paradigms are dependent on Indigenous Knowledge System.

Mary Dondero, J. Drucker

D. Pritchard

Scott Roy Douglas

The BC TEAL Journal continues to strengthen the field of English as an additional language (EAL) teaching and learning as a space for authors, reviewers, editors, and readers to come together in ways that underscore the knowledge creation, theory building, and educational innovation taking place in EAL teaching and learning in British Columbia and the wider world. Taking the time to define epistemology as it relates to EAL teaching and learning, this editorial outlines how the articles in the current issue of the journal support that space. There are five articles in this issue spanning post-secondary and adult contexts. With topics related to testing, teaching methods, lesson planning, comparative education, and literacy education, the value of the journal as a venue for the dissemination of new knowledge is much in evidence.

Hidetaka Kamigaito, Katsuhiko Hayashi

In this article, we explain the recent advance of subsampling methods in knowledge graph embedding (KGE) starting from the original one used in word2vec.

Federico Sabbatini, Roberta Calegari

Opaque models belonging to the machine learning world are ever more exploited in the most different application areas. These models, acting as black boxes (BB) from the human perspective, cannot be entirely trusted if the application is critical unless there exists a method to extract symbolic and human-readable knowledge out of them. In this paper we analyse a recurrent design adopted by symbolic knowledge extractors for BB regressors - that is, the creation of rules associated with hypercubic input space regions. We argue that this kind of partitioning may lead to suboptimal solutions when the data set at hand is high-dimensional or does not satisfy symmetric constraints. We then propose a (deep) clustering-based approach to be performed before symbolic knowledge extraction to achieve better performance with data sets of any kind.

Zhijian Wang, Shujie Zhou, Qinmei Yao et al.

Game dynamics theory, as a field of science, the consistency of theory and experiment is essential. In the past 10 years, important progress has been made in the merging of the theory and experiment in this field, in which dynamics cycle is the presentation. However, the merging works have not got rid of the constraints of Euclidean two-dimensional cycle so far. This paper uses a classic four-strategy game to study the dynamic structure (non-Euclidean superplane cycle). The consistency is in significant between the three ways: (1) the analytical results from evolutionary dynamics equations, (2) agent-based simulation results from learning models and (3) laboratory results from human subjects game experiments. The consistency suggests that, game dynamic structure could be quantitatively predictable, observable and controllable in general.