Hasil untuk "English literature"

Farah Luthfi Kaulina, Sukihananto Sukihananto

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are still a morbidity and mortality problem in Southeast Asia. However, NCD in Southeast Asia still needs to be handled faster. WHO recommends the use of digital in treating NCDs in Southeast Asia. Therefore, this literature review study aims to describe how mHealth is utilized to overcome the problem of NCDs in Southeast Asian countries. The author collected articles using Google Scholar and Proquest, which were published in 2019-2023. The focus of the search was articles published in English-language Research Journals. Researchers used advanced search with the keywords NCD, Non-communicable diseases, mHealth, Mobile Health, Nursing, and Health Promotion. Keywords are combined using Boolean and/or the online database that the researcher chose. Articles that have been filtered are filtered again by selecting research locations in Southeast Asian countries. Ten articles obtained came from research in Southeast Asian countries Indonesia (n=4), Malaysia (n=1), Singapore (n=1), Vietnam (n=1), Thailand (1), Cambodia (n=1), Philippines (n=1). All articles discussed the use of mHealth for NCD management in their countries and aimed to determine the barriers (n=3), feasibility (n=1), effectiveness (n=2), impact (n=2), potential (n=1), perception (n=1), and perspective (n=1) of service providers, as well as the experience of using mHealth in remote areas (n=1). It can be concluded that mHealth can be used for independent screening for PTM, providing education about NCDs, and can be applied in rural areas as a comprehensive effort to handle NCDs.

Guo Yin, Divya Sivaramakrishnan, Leah Macaden

<h4>Background</h4>Although home-based end-of-life care is more in line with the preferences of people living with dementia, operationalizing this ideal remains challenging. Many people living with dementia are still unable to die at home or receive end-of-life care at home. This review aims to apply meta-ethnography to synthesize existing qualitative studies, to identify the facilitators and barriers of home-based end-of-life care for people living with dementia.<h4>Methods</h4>This review will use the meta-ethnography method to systematically synthesize and analyze qualitative studies. The seven stages described by Noblit and Hare (1988) will serve as the framework for this review. The systematic literature search will comprehensively cover the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria are: (A) qualitative research design; (B) participants are people living with dementia, family caregivers, or healthcare providers; (C) discussion of barriers and facilitators affecting home end-of-life care for people living with dementia; (D) original peer-reviewed studies in English. The included studies will be quality assessed using the CASP quality assessment form. The entire research process will refer to the meta-ethnography reporting guidelines (eMERGe) and the PRISMA statement to ensure the scientific and systematic nature of the results.<h4>Discussion</h4>This review will synthesize and analyze the results of different qualitative studies, transforming different perspectives through an iterative process of comparison, translation, and synthesis to generate new insights, and will form a comprehensive and insightful interpretive framework. This will promote a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of home-based end-of-life care for people living with dementia. In addition, the results of this review will guide the development and improvement of home-based end-of-life care interventions for people living with dementia, and guide policymakers and practitioners to optimize relevant policies and services.

Francesco Coccia, Angelo Pietrobelli, Thomas Zoller et al.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited skeletal dysplasias characterized by bone fragility. The study of bone metabolism, in these disease, is problematic in terms of clinical and genetic variability. The aims of our study were to evaluate the importance of Vitamin D levels in OI bone metabolism, reviewing studies performed on this topic and providing advice reflecting our experience using vitamin D supplementation. A comprehensive review on all English-language articles was conducted in order to analyze the influence of vitamin D in OI bone metabolism in pediatric patients. Reviewing the studies, contradictory data were found on the relationship between 25OH vitamin D levels and bone parameters in OI, and in several studies the baseline levels of 25OH D were below the threshold value of 75 nmol/L. In conclusion, according to the literature and to our experience, we highlight the importance of adequate vitamin D supplementation in children with OI.

Ahmad Thoyyib Shofi, Wardatul Jannah

Students nowadays are no longer enjoy reading printed books. They mostly read from their mobile phone or computers' screens. Teachers need to encourage students to read and comprehend texts. Teachers should adopt and adapt technology in teaching reading comprehension to students in light of the rapidly changing existence of technology. The purpose of this research is to develop appropriate media for learning reading. This research has employed Research and Development design based on ADDIE model. This model is used for media development by requiring 5 stages, namely: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, and 5) Evaluation. The research subjects are the tenth graders and the English teacher. Both the media and language experts validated the developed product. The instruments used in the needs analysis are questionnaires for the students and interviews with the English teacher. The final result is in the form of a mobile application that suits the needs of teachers and students. This media consists of 63 slides. The size of this mobile application is 52 Mb. The developed application consists of three main menus and eleven sub-menus. They are the intro page, loading section, menu page, materials page, core competence page, vocabulary building page, learning summary page, exercise page, glossary page, verb form page, user’s guide page, lesson plan page, description of the product page, and exit page. The result of this research could be seen in the enthusiasm, development, and students’ interest in mobile application media. Therefore, it is recommended for teachers to use mobile applications in teaching reading and for other developers to develop applications for the learning process.

Tebogo Johannes Kekana, Malesela Edward Montle

This article reports on the findings of a study about South African Police Services (SAPS) training with specific reference to English linguistic knowledge of police trainees. English linguistic training in (SAPS) training academies have become central to both training and teaching and learning. Despite several benefits identified in literature regarding adequate English linguistic knowledge, the training in SAPS leaves much to be desired. Therefore, the impetus of this paper is to make a case to challenge the tacit and poignant factors affecting effective SAPS training program with specific reference to English linguistic competence. The researcher makes a case that the training program in its current state is faced with many challenges and intricacies that hampers it from achieving one of its goals which is to produce police officers with adequate workplace English linguistic competency. A mixed research approach was adopted to investigate the phenomena. The research instruments were a locally designed questionnaire complimented by in-depth interviews with a selected sample and extensive literature review of scholarly literature on the matter. Needs Analysis theory was adopted as the pillar in this study. Among the findings was the lack of expertise in teaching English writing by police instructors. The study also found that SAPS Language policy is ‘completely’ silent as far as pedagogy is concerned in SAPS training academies. The study also found the other a systemic problem called ‘placement conundrum’. Furthermore, the study also found that ineffective English writing screening measures for police recruits contributes to the problem. In addition, the other unsurprising was the over dominance of physical training over academic teaching in the training colleges. This study underscores the crucial aspect of reflective research as a source of information for improving training in SAPS training academies.

Rhimi, Mohamed Lamine

In this work, we will mainly focus on Edouard Glissant’s archipelago aesthetics. Indeed, the West Indian novelist-orator uses in La Lézarde (1958) and Malemort (1975) a kind of rhetoric which reflects not only the history of the slave trade, but also the Caribbean island landscape. This is how the writer cultivates Caribbean ethnopoetics, without falling into the trap of standardisation or reductionism. In others words, the fiery indictment that the writer has drawn up against the oppressors is inextricably linked to a plea made to defend the cause of West Indian culture, by exhorting the Caribbean people to recover their historical memory and to take their destiny into their own hands. It is specifically in that context that the Edouard Glissant’s romantic epic and sublime beauty are fully in line with his archipelago aesthetics.

Magda Szolc

For quite a long time, mainstream academic discourse has ignored the significance of the mother–daughter relationship and excluded it from thorough scholarly analysis. However, the theme developed the interest of twentieth-century women’s literature, and the bond between a mother and her daughter marked its presence with the emergence of motherhood studies in the 1970s. Toni Morrison – one of the finest black female writers – in her debut novel, The Bluest Eye (1970), illustrates the complex bond between Pauline and Pecola Breedlove. Their relationship is shaped by the women’s fascination with white culture and the standards it promotes. In the novel, Morrison raises awareness of black women’s marginalisation and the way in which white culture shapes a woman’s vision of herself. The aim of this paper is to analyse the destructive influence of white hegemony on the perception of the black female self and its devastating effect on the mother–daughter relationship in The Bluest Eye.

Mahdi Moeinikia, Shahram Mehravar Giglouu, Salim Kazami et al.

Background: Today, e-learning has become one of the basic components of education process, especially in higher education. Institutions and universities employ e-learning extensively in their educational operations. In light of this, the goal of the current research was to determine the advantages, disadvantages, possibilities, and dangers associated with e-learning in the Iranian higher education system.Method: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and with a qualitatively exploratory approach. The participants of present study were experts in the field of e-learning in public universities of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in 2021.Using purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods, 16 e-learning experts were selected as the participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and thematic analysis was employed to analyze the obtained data. Results: After analyzing the obtained data from the interview, the total number of 116 free codes were extracted from interviews content was 116 codes, which were classified in 18 concepts and finally were identified strengths (Use of office automation in universities, Establishment of information and communication technology centers in universities, Development of e-learning in universities, Familiarity of faculty members and students with virtual environments, The place of e-learning in upstream documents and university perspectives), weaknesses (Lack of proper infrastructure, equipment and facilities for e-learning, Lack of specialized manpower, Lack of formal regulations for e-learning in the field of higher education, Insufficient knowledge about e-learning), threats (Threats related to cost, facilities and time, Management threats, Threats to change the nature of the university, Threats related to interactions) and training opportunities (Increas access to e-learning, Expanding international and intercultural interactions, Environmental benefits, Providing economic opportunities , Development of educational justice) of e-learning in Iranian higher education system. Conclusion: Considering the research findings, to develop educational justice and the possibility of more population access to the University of the Student community, reviewing existing approaches and educational methods and using e-learning as a new educational strategy for higher education system are necessary

Isabel Mosquera, Mónica Machón, Itziar Vergara et al.

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar los indicadores de posición social utilizados para la evaluación de desigualdades en salud en la población de 65 y más años en España. Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de publicaciones en inglés y español desde el año 2000 en bases de datos sanitarias y sociales. Se incluyeron estudios primarios y secundarios que analizaban dichas desigualdades en España. Se identificaron los indicadores utilizados, así como las ventajas y limitaciones señaladas por los/las autores/as. Los principales hallazgos se sintetizaron en forma de revisión de la literatura. Resultados: Se incluyeron 87 estudios, que se describían en 89 artículos. Los indicadores socioeconómicos empleados fueron tanto individuales como de tipo ecológico. Entre los primeros, el nivel educativo fue la variable socioeconómica más analizada (n = 73). Otras variables individuales empleadas fueron la ocupación (n = 17), el nivel económico objetivo (n = 16), el nivel económico subjetivo (n = 4), la vivienda y la riqueza material del hogar (n = 6), la relación con la actividad laboral (n = 5) y medidas mixtas (n = 5). Entre los indicadores ecológicos se identificaron índices simples (n = 3) y compuestos (n = 7). Estos últimos se habían construido a partir de varios indicadores, entre los que se encontraban el nivel educativo y el desempleo. Se analizaron las desigualdades en múltiples indicadores de salud, siendo la salud percibida el único indicador evaluado en función de todos los indicadores socioeconómicos descritos. Conclusiones: Se identifica una gran variedad de indicadores socioeconómicos para el análisis de las desigualdades sociales en salud en población mayor. No se evalúan suficientemente desde una perspectiva de género, por lo que esto constituye una línea de interés para futuras investigaciones. Abstract: Objective: To identify the indicators of social position used to evaluate inequalities in health among the population aged 65 and over in Spain. Method: A systematic search of the literature published in English and Spanish since 2000 in health and social databases was carried out. Primary and secondary studies analyzing these inequalities in Spain were included. The indicators used were identified, as well as the advantages and limitations pointed out by the authors. The main findings were synthesized in a review of the literature. Results: We included 87 studies, described in 89 articles. The socioeconomic indicators employed were both individual and ecological. Among the former, educational level was the most analyzed socioeconomic variable (n = 73). Other individual variables used were occupation (n = 17), objective economic level (n = 16), subjective economic level (n = 4), housing and household material wealth (n = 6), relationship with work activity (n = 5), and mixed measures (n = 5). Among the ecological indicators, simple (n = 3) and complex indices (n = 7) were identified. The latter had been constructed based on several indicators, such as educational level and unemployment. Inequalities in multiple health indicators were analyzed, self-perceived health being the only indicator assessed according to all the socioeconomic indicators described. Conclusions: A wide variety of indicators is identified for the evaluation of social inequalities in health among the elderly population. There have not been sufficiently assessed from a gender perspective; this is a line of interest for future research.

Anna Kristina Hultgren

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Remo Accorona, Giovanni Colombo, Marco Ferrari et al.

Introduction: Supernumerary teeth are frequently reported in dental clinical practice; however, eruption in nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses is an extremely rare clinical entity.   Case Report: We report two cases with a history of recurrent nasal discharge and obstruction. In both cases, clinical and radiological findings confirmed the presence of an inverted supernumerary tooth erupted in the sinonasal cavities (i.e., the right nasal fossa and left maxillary sinus, respectively). We managed the cases with transnasal endoscopic approach. A survey of the English literature identified 69 documented cases with intranasal supernumerary teeth within January 1st, 1886 to December 31st, 2017.   Conclusion: Inverted supernumerary teeth should be considered among the potential causes of unilateral nasal obstruction and rhinosinusitis and included in differential diagnoses among the fibro-osseous lesions of the sinonasal cavities.

Rifka Fani Syuhada, Iskandar Abdul Samad, Kismullah Abdul Muthalib

The educational advertisements are displayed in various media: printed or electronic media. The advertisements are set in many types, forms, and styles of the language used to persuade customers. However, they have not been clearly investigated yet until there are no certain determinates to these cases, especially, the language styles use. This research aims to describe the styles of language in the educational advertisement of The Jakarta Post newspaper published from May 2018 to August 2019. The theory used in this study was put forward by Moriarty, Mitchell, and Wells (2012). This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that there were three language styles from twenty-four advertisements that appeared in the educational advertisement on The Jakarta Post newspaper. These were hard-sell style, straightforward style, and the combination of hard-sell and straightforward. However, the most dominant language style appearing in the educational advertisement of The Jakarta Post newspaper in May 2018 to August 2019 edition was a hard-sell style because the language style of this advertisement provided detailed information in which it is very often used in displayed advertisements.

My-Linh Nguyen Luong, Kim L. Bennell, Michelle Hall et al.

Abstract Background Most adults fail to meet global physical activity guidelines set out by the World Health Organization. In recent years, behavioural economic principles have been used to design novel interventions that increase physical activity. Immediate financial rewards, for instance, can motivate an individual to change physical activity behaviour by lowering the opportunity costs of exercise. This systematic review will summarise the evidence about the effectiveness of financial incentive interventions for improving physical activity in adults. Methods We will search MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, EconLit, SPORTDiscus, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception using a comprehensive, electronic search strategy. The search strategy will include terms related to ‘financial incentive’ and ‘physical activity’. Only randomised controlled trials that investigate the effect of financial incentives on physical activity in adult populations and that are written in the English language will be included. Two review authors will independently screen abstracts and titles, complete full text reviews and extract data on objective and self-reported physical activity outcomes. The authors will also assess the study quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and provide a systematic presentation and synthesis of the included studies’ characteristics and results. If more than two studies are sufficiently similar in population, settings and interventions, we will pool the data to conduct a meta-analysis. If we are unable to perform a meta-analysis, we will conduct a narrative synthesis of the results and produce forest plots for individual studies. Our subgroup analyses will examine the differential effects of an intervention in healthy populations compared to populations with disease pathology and compare the effects of interventions using financial rewards to interventions using financial penalties. Discussion This systematic review will determine the effectiveness of positive and negative financial incentives on physical activity in adults. Findings will help inform the development of public health interventions and research in this field. Systematic review registration PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017068263

Laurent Viala

The representations of the city in the literature constitute the field in which these works are inscribed. The analysis focuses on two novels of science fiction: High-Rise by J. G. Ballard (1930-2009), english novelist, and The World Inside by R. Silverberg (1935-), american author of science fiction. In both cases, political anticipation dominates. The construction of the story rests on a narrative device involving a social and urban order of verticality, producing a world, a society, a city, a mode of dwelling, all dominated by vertical principles. In the 1970s, the history of the Western world experienced a moment of rupture. The modern relationship of society to this world has inflected. Change affects urbanism and architecture as much as, for example, science fiction, which now makes the reality of the moment its main source of inspiration. At the same time, the construction of towers is experiencing a new episode of its history which has started in the beginning of the 20th century. This paper aims at deciphering the mechanisms inherent to this vertical territorial organizations by promoting the idea of ​​“ville-tour”. Hence, it is possible to glimpse in the imaginary world that these stories promote, the possibility of a prospective of the vertical city. Methodologically, the geocritical approach is mobilized. After examining the foundations of the “ville-tour” and the changes to which it leads, the paper invites us to situate the contribution of fiction to a prospective study mainly in the disturbances that these fictions reveal. Two issues emerge: one is linked to the very reality of public space while the other questions the conditions of conception of a vertical urbanity. The conclusion invites us to extend the research: what belongs to the hybrid buildings seems to hold at a distance the “ville-tour” project’s of the untenable figure from the social condenser finally promoted by these novels.

Lalu Thohir

In learning English as a foreign language, where learners are separated logistically and psychologically from the target culture, motivation plays a critical role and it is one of the main determining factor in a second/foreign language learning achievement. Motivation is defined as some kind of internal drive which pushes someone to do things in order to achieve something and to achieve success, someone needs to be motivated.Motivation is distinguished into different kinds, such as integrative and instrumental, intrinsic and extrinsic, global, situational and task. However, the most widely cited distinction of motivation is between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.In the field of language learning, motivation is sometimes distinguished from orientation. As an ideal for self-determined behavior, the intrinsic motivation is considered to be more powerful than extrinsic motivationin the success of learning a language, however, most of learning activities which the language learners do are initiated and driven by extrinsic motivation.There are three areas – goalsand goal setting, learning environment, and interesting classes – in which the language teachers could directly influence the language learners’ motivation and their continuing participation in the classroom. Providing positive feedback and enhancing the autonomous learning are among important means to increase the learners’ motivation. In addition, emphasizing two forms of positive extrinsic motivation – identificationand integration, while minimizing two forms of negative extrinsic motivation – external regulation and introjection could boost the intrinsic motivation of the learners.

Melissa Knauert, Sreelatha Naik, M. Boyd Gillespie et al.

Objective: To provide an overview of the healthcare and societal consequences and costs of untreated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Data sources: PubMed database for English-language studies with no start date restrictions and with an end date of September 2014. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify all studies that discussed the physiologic, clinical and societal consequences of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome as well as the costs associated with these consequences. There were 106 studies that formed the basis of this analysis. Conclusions: Undiagnosed and untreated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome can lead to abnormal physiology that can have serious implications including increased cardiovascular disease, stroke, metabolic disease, excessive daytime sleepiness, work-place errors, traffic accidents and death. These consequences result in significant economic burden. Both, the health and societal consequences and their costs can be decreased with identification and treatment of sleep apnea. Implications for practice: Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, despite its consequences, is limited by lack of diagnosis, poor patient acceptance, lack of access to effective therapies, and lack of a variety of effective therapies. Newer modes of therapy that are effective, cost efficient and more accepted by patients need to be developed. Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Cost, Continuous positive airway pressure, Mandibular advancement device

Nicole Baumgarten

Little is known about the development of second language (L2) capacities in L2 users located in multilingual environments where more than one language is a viable communication tool and users can decide which to use for which purpose. Adopting a socially-grounded perspective on L2 learning, this study explores university-based L2 English learning in a multilingual learning context in Denmark. 46 academic presentations from first and final year undergraduate students were analysed for the users’ use of recurrent multiword sequences as a measure of development of routinized discourse production. This analysis was complemented by an analysis of the users’ language use habits and socialization patterns. The analyses revealed a negative development in pre-patterned L2 use between first and final year students. These results call for a reconsideration of academic L2 English instruction in multilingual environments outside native English-speaking settings, where L2 learning trajectories appear to be able to be stunted by L2 users’ overall language use habits.

Vilson Jose Leffa

This paper investigates the correlation between comprehension and pleasure in a reading task. While comprehension is defined here within a spatial dimension, including the reader’s ability to relate the text being read to other texts, pleasure is seen as the reader’s reaction to the text, in a more temporal perspective. To test the hypotheses that there is a positive correlation between them, 67 students from 5th grade to university level were asked to read a text and answer a comprehension/reaction questionnaire. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between comprehension and pleasure. Aspects involving intertextuality, interest and previous knowledge are also discussed.

José Francisco Fernández Sánchez

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