Hasil untuk "Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc."

Victor M. Banda Guzman, James P. Edwards, C. Moctezuma Mata Zamora et al.

The worldline formalism allows one to obtain compact integral representations combining the information of large numbers of Feynman diagrams. However, their analytic calculation leads to a non-standard integration problem for which existing mathematical algorithms are of little help. Here I will summarize the state-of-the-art of worldline integration focusing on examples from QED in vacuum and in constant external fields.

Shulun Chen, Wei Shao, Flora D. Salim et al.

Supporting decision-making has long been a central vision in the field of spatio-temporal intelligence. While prior work has improved the timeliness and accuracy of spatio-temporal forecasting, converting these forecasts into actionable strategies remains a key challenge. A main limitation is the decoupling of the prediction and the downstream decision phases, which can significantly degrade the downstream efficiency. For example, in emergency response, the priority is successful resource allocation and intervention, not just incident prediction. To this end, it is essential to propose an Adaptive Spatio-Temporal Early Decision model (ASTER) that reforms the forecasting paradigm from event anticipation to actionable decision support. This framework ensures that information is directly used for decision-making, thereby maximizing overall effectiveness. Specifically, ASTER introduces a new Resource-aware Spatio-Temporal interaction module (RaST) that adaptively captures long- and short-term dependencies under dynamic resource conditions, producing context-aware spatiotemporal representations. To directly generate actionable decisions, we further design a Preference-oriented decision agent (Poda) based on multi-objective reinforcement learning, which transforms predictive signals into resource-efficient intervention strategies by deriving optimal actions under specific preferences and dynamic constraints. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of ASTER in improving both early prediction accuracy and resource allocation outcomes across six downstream metrics.

Edward Bergman, Lennart Purucker, Frank Hutter

State-of-the-art automated machine learning systems for tabular data often employ cross-validation; ensuring that measured performances generalize to unseen data, or that subsequent ensembling does not overfit. However, using k-fold cross-validation instead of holdout validation drastically increases the computational cost of validating a single configuration. While ensuring better generalization and, by extension, better performance, the additional cost is often prohibitive for effective model selection within a time budget. We aim to make model selection with cross-validation more effective. Therefore, we study early stopping the process of cross-validation during model selection. We investigate the impact of early stopping on random search for two algorithms, MLP and random forest, across 36 classification datasets. We further analyze the impact of the number of folds by considering 3-, 5-, and 10-folds. In addition, we investigate the impact of early stopping with Bayesian optimization instead of random search and also repeated cross-validation. Our exploratory study shows that even a simple-to-understand and easy-to-implement method consistently allows model selection to converge faster; in ~94% of all datasets, on average by ~214%. Moreover, stopping cross-validation enables model selection to explore the search space more exhaustively by considering +167% configurations on average within one hour, while also obtaining better overall performance.

Dariusz Antoni Kasprzak

Patrystyczna refleksja nad kluczowymi tekstami pachomian dotyczącymi zagadnienia pracy cenobickiej i jej skutków pozwala na wyciągniecie następujących wniosków: w zamyśle ideowym Pachomiusza praca miała być czynnością ascetyczną, dokonującą się w ciszy i w zupełnym podporządkowaniu się przełożonym. Podstawowym zajęciem pachomian była praca rolnicza na polach. Natomiast plecionkarstwo wydaje się być bardziej ascetycznym uzupełnieniem tej pierwszej. Pozostałe prace pachomian miały charakter służebny wobec rolnictwa i plecionkarstwa. Chrystologiczną motywację do podjęcia pracy rekonstruujemy na podstawie listów Pachomiusza i Księgi Horsiesiego. Kryzysy wspólnot pachomiańskich z końca lat 40 i 60 IV wieku zweryfikowały pierwotne założenia Reguły. Kazuistyczny i urzędniczo normatywny zarząd zakonu za pierwszej kadencji Horsiesiego zabijał zarówno ideowość mnichów, jak i ich ludzką czy zakonną odpowiedzialność. Wywołał sprzeciw („Nie chcemy mieć nic wspólnego z Horsiesim ani z zasadami, które ustala”) i bunt braci. Za rządów Teodora, kolejnego z διακριτικός wspólnoty doszło do uspokojenia w zakonie. Paradoksalnie systematyczna praca przyniosła wymierne efekty materialne, co zaczęło zagrażać duchowemu celowi zakonu. Ten drugi kryzys zarządu zakonu zażegnano poprzez zawierzenie Bożej Opatrzności napięcia pomiędzy zakonną obserwacją a systematyczną pracą i bogaceniem się instytucji. Wydaje się, że było to skuteczne rozwiązanie, bo pachomianie przetrwali w Egipcie aż do najazdu arabskiego w IX wieku.

Walter Hernandez Cruz, Kamil Tylinski, Alastair Moore et al.

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) faces increasing environmental scrutiny, particularly concerning the energy consumption of the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism and broader Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) issues. However, existing systematic literature reviews of DLT rely on limited analyses of citations, abstracts, and keywords, failing to fully capture the field's complexity and ESG concerns. We address these challenges by analyzing the full text of 24,539 publications using Natural Language Processing (NLP) with our manually labeled Named Entity Recognition (NER) dataset of 39,427 entities for DLT. This methodology identified 505 key publications at the DLT/ESG intersection, enabling comprehensive domain analysis. Our combined NLP and temporal graph analysis reveals critical trends in DLT evolution and ESG impacts, including cryptography and peer-to-peer networks research's foundational influence, Bitcoin's persistent impact on research and environmental concerns (a "Lindy effect"), Ethereum's catalytic role on Proof of Stake (PoS) and smart contract adoption, and the industry's progressive shift toward energy-efficient consensus mechanisms. Our contributions include the first DLT-specific NER dataset addressing the scarcity of high-quality labeled NLP data in blockchain research, a methodology integrating NLP and temporal graph analysis for large-scale interdisciplinary literature reviews, and the first NLP-driven literature review focusing on DLT's ESG aspects.

Ainayya Almira, Anisah Rachmawati, Insi Norma Jelita et al.

The aim of this research is to provide insight to chemistry education teachers and researchers regarding the effectiveness of the guided inquiry learning model and provide direction for further research in this field. The research method used in this article is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), to help compile and evaluate various research related to the guided inquiry learning model. The instrument used in this research is to present the results of a literature review of various articles discussing the application of this model in chemistry learning by exploring the definition, application, strengths, weaknesses and effectiveness of the guided inquiry learning model in chemistry learning. The research results show that the application of this model can be carried out both in the theoretical and practical aspects of chemistry learning. The advantages of the guided inquiry model involve students actively, increase learning independence, and provide students with the opportunity to discuss and find their own answers. Students who study with this model tend to have higher learning achievements. However, there are also disadvantages, such as the time required to implement this model and obstacles in dealing with students who are not yet familiar with this approach.

Carlo Bono, Barbara Pernici, Jose Luis Fernandez-Marquez et al.

Rapid impact assessment in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster is essential to provide adequate information to international organisations, local authorities, and first responders. Social media can support emergency response with evidence-based content posted by citizens and organisations during ongoing events. In the paper, we propose TriggerCit: an early flood alerting tool with a multilanguage approach focused on timeliness and geolocation. The paper focuses on assessing the reliability of the approach as a triggering system, comparing it with alternative sources for alerts, and evaluating the quality and amount of complementary information gathered. Geolocated visual evidence extracted from Twitter by TriggerCit was analysed in two case studies on floods in Thailand and Nepal in 2021.

Arkadiusz Nocoń

Wśród postaci, które w historii zbawienia odegrały ważną rolę, św. Józef jest postacią wyjątkową: tak ze względu na powierzoną mu misję, jak i na posiadane cnoty. Informacje w Piśmie Świętym na jego temat są jednak nadzwyczaj skromne. Trudno się więc dziwić, że lukę w jego biografii starały się wypełnić apokryfy, pisma, które mimo wielu uchybień wywarły duży wpływ na teologię, liturgię, sztukę. Pozostają też cennym świadectwem przeżywania wiary przez ówczesne wspólnoty chrześcijańskie. Z bogatego materiału badawczego autor starał się wydobyć w pierwszej części artykułu najważniejsze dane dotyczące „biografii” św. Józefa do momentu narodzenia Jezusa w Betlejem. Pozostała część „biografii” Józefa, jego relacje z Maryją i z Jezusem, oraz wnioski płynące z lektury apokryfów, w tym, co dotyczy św. Józefa, przedstawione zostaną w części drugiej.

Jean-Baptiste Bayle, Béatrice Bonga, Daniela Doneva et al.

Gravitational wave science is a dynamical, fast-expanding research field founded on results, tools and methodologies drawn from different research areas and communities. Early career scientists entering this field must learn and combine knowledge and techniques from a range of disciplines. The Workshop on Gravitational-Wave Astrophysics for Early Career Scientists (GWAECS), held virtually in May 2021, planted the seeds of an interdisciplinary, well-connected and all-inclusive community of early career scientists working on gravitational waves, able to exchange relevant information and ideas, build a healthy professional and international environment, share and learn valuable skills, and ensure that ongoing research efforts are perpetuated and expanded in order to attain the main scientific goals envisioned by the whole community. GWAECS was the first event unifying early career scientists belonging to different communities, historically associated with different large-scale gravitational wave experiments. It provided a broad perspective on the future of gravitational waves, offered training on soft and transferable skills and allowed ample time for informal discussions between early career scientists and well-known research experts. The essence of those activities is summarised and collected in the present document, which presents a recap of each session of the workshop and aims to provide all early career scientists with a long-lasting, useful reference which constitutes the legacy of all the ideas that circulated at GWAECS.

Arnaud Mazier, Alexandre Bilger, Antonio E. Forte et al.

In this paper, we develop a framework for solving inverse deformation problems using the FEniCS Project finite element software. We validate our approach with experimental imaging data acquired from a soft silicone beam under gravity. In contrast with inverse iterative algorithms that require multiple solutions of a standard elasticity problem, the proposed method can compute the undeformed configuration by solving only one modified elasticity problem. This modified problem has a complexity comparable to the standard one. The framework is implemented within an open-source pipeline enabling the direct and inverse deformation simulation directly from imaging data. We use the high-level Unified Form Language (UFL) of the FEniCS Project to express the finite element model in variational form and to automatically derive the consistent Jacobian. Consequently, the design of the pipeline is flexible: for example, it allows the modification of the constitutive models by changing a single line of code. We include a complete working example showing the inverse deformation of a beam deformed by gravity as supplementary material.

Augustyn Eckmann

Recenzja

Marek Wilczyński

Wiedzy o polityce religijnej królów wandalskich dostarczają wyłącznie wrogie Wandalom źródła, pisane przez wyznawców nicejskiej ortodoksji. Źródła proweniencji ariańskiej z tego okresu nawet jeżeli istniały nie zachowały się. Zachowane źródła koncentrują się na drastycznych często formach prześladowań i narzucania siłą herezji ariańskiej. Powodem bezwzględności wandalskich monarchów miała być, zdaniem autorów źródeł, dzikość barbarzyńców i fanatyczny szał typowy dla heretyków. Porównanie prawodawstwa cesarskiego z działaniami Wandalów, a szczególnie z jedynym zachowanym aktem prawnym jakim jest Edykt Huneryka pozwala ukazać działania te w innym aspekcie. Wandalscy królowie dość wiernie przejmowali i naśladowali metody zwalczania herezji zalecane w prawodawstwie rzymskim. Wiedzy o tym prawodawstwie dostarczać mogli zarówno rzymscy urzędnicy administracji królewskiej, jak i rzymskie środowiska ariańskie współpracujące z Wandalami. Król Huneryk w swoim edykcie bezpośrednio wskazuje prawa wydawane przez cesarzy jako podstawę wydanych przez niego regulacji prawnych skierowanych przeciw wyznawcom nicejskiej ortodoksji.  Dokładniejsza analiza występujących podobieństw może być ważnym przyczynkiem do badań nad szerokim wykorzystywaniem rzymskiej administracji i prawa w królestwach barbarzyński na terenach zachodniego cesarstwa rzymskiego.

Maksim Ekin Eren, Nick Solovyev, Edward Raff et al.

The world has faced the devastating outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, in 2020. Research in the subject matter was fast-tracked to such a point that scientists were struggling to keep up with new findings. With this increase in the scientific literature, there arose a need for organizing those documents. We describe an approach to organize and visualize the scientific literature on or related to COVID-19 using machine learning techniques so that papers on similar topics are grouped together. By doing so, the navigation of topics and related papers is simplified. We implemented this approach using the widely recognized CORD-19 dataset to present a publicly available proof of concept.

Jared W. Ludlow

Yuri Gurevich

The Church-Turing thesis asserts that if a partial strings-to-strings function is effectively computable then it is computable by a Turing machine. In the 1930s, when Church and Turing worked on their versions of the thesis, there was a robust notion of algorithm. These traditional algorithms are known also as classical or sequential. In the original thesis, effectively computable meant computable by an effective classical algorithm. Based on an earlier axiomatization of classical algorithms, the original thesis was proven in 2008. Since the 1930s, the notion of algorithm has changed dramatically. New species of algorithms have been and are being introduced. We argue that the generalization of the original thesis, where effectively computable means computable by an effective algorithm of any species, cannot possibly be true.

Idrish Huet, Michel Rausch de Traubenberg, Christian Schubert

An update is given on our long-term effort to perform a three-loop check on the Affleck-Alvarez-Manton/Lebedev-Ritus exponentiation conjecture for the imaginary part of the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, using 1+1 dimensional QED as a toy model. After reviewing the history and significance of the conjecture, we present trigonometric integral representations for the single electron loop contributions to the three-loop Lagrangian, and develop a symmetry-based method for the calculation of their weak-field expansion coefficients.

Magdalena Jóźwiak

In this article we included St. Jerome’s standpoint on Gomer — the prostitute and wife of Hosea. This topic was presented in two stages. First, we analysed an issue of ideal woman according to St. Jerome. Then we presented a picture of Gomer in St. Jerome’s comment on the Book of Hosea 1–3. The main point of this article was an attempt to answer a question how St. Jerome deals with conveying the biblical meaning, according to which the prophet on God’s command marries an adulterous woman. This issue is very interesting, because the author of Vulgate had rather unfavourable attitude towards the institution of marriage and Gomer was not only married, but also a prostitute.

Melinda Plumb, Karlheinz Kautz

Employees of early childhood education and care (ECEC) organisations may experience a wide range of barriers as they attempt to integrate information technology (IT) into their work practices. However, studies within the ECEC organisational literature which attempt to identify and understand these barriers are scant. This literature review is the first to present consolidated findings from the body of knowledge on barriers to the integration of IT within ECEC organisations. In addition to highlighting limitations and gaps in the literature, it proposes a tri-perspective framework to provide for future research to develop a deeper understanding of not only what barriers exist but also how they interrelate and shape the IT integration process and the work practices of ECEC organisational employees.

Monika Ożóg

Zachowania magiczne były od niepamiętnych czasów elementem kultury. Świadectwa w postaci amuletów, różnych narzędzi czy zaklęć systematycznie są odkrywane. Magia przenikając w świat religii, stawała się jej elementem, z cza­sem aż do tego stopnia, że w zależności od okresu historycznego, nie sposób od­różnić jednej od drugiej. W niniejszym artykule zostały poddanie analizie, z per­spektywy ustawodawstwa kościelnego, praktyki magiczne szkodzące zdrowiu i życiu. Oczywiście przepisy prawne mają na celu eliminację błędów i zagrożeń przez co przedstawiają obraz jednostronny nie oddający wszystkich aspektów ży­cia. Niewątpliwie jednak odnoszą się do zagrożeń realnych i przez to poszerzają wiedzę o epoce. W przedstawionym tekście wzięto pod uwagę takie praktyki ma­giczne, które celowo i umyślnie miały szkodzić konkretnym osobom.

Christian Kuehn, Gerd Zschaler, Thilo Gross

Many real world systems are at risk of undergoing critical transitions, leading to sudden qualitative and sometimes irreversible regime shifts. The development of early warning signals is recognized as a major challenge. Recent progress builds on a mathematical framework in which a real-world system is described by a low-dimensional equation system with a small number of key variables, where the critical transition often corresponds to a bifurcation. Here we show that in high-dimensional systems, containing many variables, we frequently encounter an additional non-bifurcative saddle-type mechanism leading to critical transitions. This generic class of transitions has been missed in the search for early-warnings up to now. In fact, the saddle-type mechanism also applies to low-dimensional systems with saddle-dynamics. Near a saddle a system moves slowly and the state may be perceived as stable over substantial time periods. We develop an early warning sign for the saddle-type transition. We illustrate our results in two network models and epidemiological data. This work thus establishes a connection from critical transitions to networks and an early warning sign for a new type of critical transition. In complex models and big data we anticipate that saddle-transitions will be encountered frequently in the future.