Hasil untuk "Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs"

GuiZhen Chen, Rahul Banerjee

Not available.

David Patrick Duys Montealegre, Alexander Fulton, Mahta Haghighat Ghahfarokhi et al.

We explore the hyperparameters and introduce a methodological framework to convert disease patterns from time series data of blood test results into correlation graphs for causal hypothesis exploration. The networks represent hypotheses that can then be validated or rejected both for causal discovery and causal analysis (under intervention). We synthetically recreated a repository of 105 typical disease longitudinal patterns extracted from medical guidance and research literature of common blood markers to build a systematic pipeline to translate multidimensional clinical data into intervenable disease networks for causal discovery and causal analysis. This study demonstrates that knowledge graphical models reconstructed from longitudinal data can transform routine medical data into clinically interpretable structures. By integrating multiple thresholding strategies and causal graph design, the framework has the purpose to move beyond statistical correlation toward clinically and testable inference networks. These results highlight a practical pathway for more transparent, explainable, and scalable tools in clinical decision support for AI training, precision healthcare and predictive medicine, offering interpretable, clinically actionable outputs that support safer use of AI in differential diagnosis.

Azam Bayat, Aref Khalkhali, Ali Reza Mahjoub

Summary Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder, characterized by a decrease in bone strength and puts the individual at risk for fracture. On the other hand, rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology that causes inflammation of the joints of the organs. Purpose Due to the destructive effects of these diseases and its increasing prevalence and lack of appropriate medication for treatment, the present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a new type of healthy and live food supplement on rheumatoid arthritis and induced osteoporosis in rats. Methods In this research, healthy and live food powder were synthesized by a new and green route. This organic biomaterial was named NBS. The NBS food supplement had various vitamins, macro and micro molecules, and ingredients. The new healthy and nutritious diet showed that the use of this supplement led to the return of the parameters to normal levels. Results The concentration of 12.5 mg/ kg showed the least therapeutic effect and 50 mg/ kg had the highest therapeutic effect for osteoporosis. The results of blood parameters involved in inflammation in both healthy and patient groups showed that the use of complete adjuvant induction causes joint inflammation. In the study of the interaction of the concentrations, it was observed that the concentration of 50 mg/ kg had the highest therapeutic effect against the disease in the studied mice. Conclusion The results showed that the new healthy and viable supplement restores the blood osteoporotic and rheumatoid factors of the mice to normal.

Naoki Takeishi, Junya Kobayashi, Shigeo Wada et al.

The relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of oxygen transport and blood flow dynamics, accounting for the motion and deformation of individual red blood cells (RBCs), is of fundamental importance for understanding microcirculation systems. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is indispensable for addressing complex oxygen transport and cellular behaviors in capillary networks; however, the computational approach is formidable for enforcing interface (or jump) conditions on largely moving and deforming interfaces. In this paper, we propose a diffuse interface approach for the oxygen transport using a mixture formulation. We formulate oxygen transport using an advection-diffusion-reaction equation and rewrite all governing equations in mixture forms using phase indicator functions, where all the interface conditions are included in the governing equations. This innovation avoids the complexity associated with discontinuities for largely moving interfaces in highly dense RBC conditions. We model cellular flow as a fluid-membrane interaction problem using the immersed boundary method (IBM). The method allows the seamless calculation of coupling problems for cellular flows and oxygen transports in the cytoplasm (internal fluid) of the RBC, plasma (external fluid), and tissue regions using a fixed Cartesian coordinate mesh. The proposed method accurately captures the analytical solution for spherically symmetric diffusion, and successfully demonstrates oxygen transport in both straight capillaries and their networks. These rigorous analyses suggest that RBCs can autonomously regulate the oxygen supply to tissues in response to the local tissue oxygenation level, resulting in the establishment of homogeneous tissue oxygenation.

Gabriel Bo, Justin Gu, Christopher Sun

We present a foundation modeling framework that leverages deep learning to uncover latent genetic signatures across the hematopoietic hierarchy. Our approach trains a fully connected autoencoder on multipotent progenitor cells, reducing over 20,000 gene features to a 256-dimensional latent space that captures predictive information for both progenitor and downstream differentiated cells such as monocytes and lymphocytes. We validate the quality of these embeddings by training feed-forward, transformer, and graph convolutional architectures for blood disease diagnosis tasks. We also explore zero-shot prediction using a progenitor disease state classification model to classify downstream cell conditions. Our models achieve greater than 95% accuracy for multi-class classification, and in the zero-shot setting, we achieve greater than 0.7 F1-score on the binary classification task. Future work should improve embeddings further to increase robustness on lymphocyte classification specifically.

Rene Lisasi, Michele Esposito, Chen Zhao

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based simulation of coronary blood flow provides valuable hemodynamic markers, such as pressure gradients, for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). However, CFD is computationally expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to integrate into large-scale clinical workflows. These limitations restrict the availability of labeled hemodynamic data for training AI models and hinder broad adoption of non-invasive, physiology based CAD assessment. To address these challenges, we develop an end to end pipeline that automates coronary geometry extraction from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), streamlines simulation data generation, and enables efficient learning of coronary blood pressure distributions. The pipeline reduces the manual burden associated with traditional CFD workflows while producing consistent training data. We further introduce a diffusion-based regression model designed to predict coronary blood pressure directly from CCTA derived features, bypassing the need for slow CFD computation during inference. Evaluated on a dataset of simulated coronary hemodynamics, the proposed model achieves state of the art performance, with an R2 of 64.42%, a root mean squared error of 0.0974, and a normalized RMSE of 0.154, outperforming several baseline approaches. This work provides a scalable and accessible framework for rapid, non-invasive blood pressure prediction to support CAD diagnosis.

Mario C. Torres-Chávez, O. Bello-Chavolla, Jesús Ernesto Martínez-Luna et al.

Introduction: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a key contributor to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, its direct measurement via imaging techniques is costly and impractical in primary care settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF), a previously validated index based on simple clinical and biochemical parameters, provides an accessible estimate of VAT (eVAT) in grams. Nevertheless, its association with incident fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events remains understudied in Latin America. Research Question: Is higher eVAT associated with an increased risk of incident fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in Latin American adults? Methods: We analyzed data from adults without type 2 diabetes participating in the Cohorts Consortium of Latin America and the Caribbean (CC-LAC). eVAT was estimated using the following equation: METS-VF = 4.466 + 0.011(Ln(METS-IR))^3 + 3.239(Ln(WHtr))^3 + 0.319*(Sex) + 0.594*(Ln(Age))**, where METS-IR = (Ln((2*G0) + TG0) * BMI) / (Ln(HDL-C)). We applied Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events per 100 g increase and by eVAT quartiles. Models were adjusted for age, sex, residence, smoking status, non-HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and prior diabetes diagnosis. Results: Among 23,097 adults (median age: 52) followed for a total of 113,622 person-years, 436 participants (1.9%) experienced an incident cardiovascular event (262 [1.1%] non-fatal; 174 [0.75%] fatal). Each 100 g increase in eVAT was associated with a 4% higher risk of any cardiovascular event (95% CI: 1.03–1.05). Compared to the lowest quartile (1,426 g) quartiles had 68% (95% CI: 1.23–2.29) and 85% (95% CI: 1.37–2.50) higher risk, respectively. Stratified analyses showed consistent associations across subgroups, with a stronger effect observed among overweight individuals (p-for-interaction < 0.001). Conclusion: In this large, prospective cohort of Latin American adults without diabetes, higher eVAT was significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. These findings underscore the role of visceral adiposity in cardiovascular disease development and the need to incorporate its assessment in primary care risk stratification. METS-VF may serve as a practical tool to support this objective in resource-limited settings

Evelyn Mendonça-Reis, Camila Cristina Guimarães-Nobre, Lyzes Rosa Teixeira-Alves et al.

SCD is a hereditary disorder caused by genetic mutation in the beta-globin gene, resulting in abnormal hemoglobin, HbS that forms sickle-shaped erythrocytes under hypoxia. Patients with SCD have endocrine disorders and it was described that 7% of these patients have clinical hypothyroidism. Recent studies have shown that mature erythrocytes possess TSH receptors. Thus, we aimed to assess the effects of TSH on SCD erythrocytes. The experiments were conducted using different concentrations of TSH (1, 2, 3, and 5 mIU/L). In HbS polymerization assay, erythrocytes were exposed to TSH in hypoxia to induce polymerization, and measurements were taken for 30 minutes. The deformability assay was made using Sephacryl-S 500 columns to separate deformable from nondeformable cells. Static adhesion test utilized thrombospondin to assess erythrocyte adhesion in the presence of TSH. TSH at all contractions were able to reduce polymerization of HbS and increase deformability. The static adhesion of erythrocytes at the lowest concentrations of 1 and 2 mIU/L were increased, but at higher contractions of 3 and 5 mIU/L, static adhesion was not modulated. The results suggest that TSH has potential involvement in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease by inhibiting HbS polymerization, positively modulating deformability and impacting static adhesion to thrombospondin.

MHF Nascimento, RDA Soares, DS Medeiros et al.

Objetivos: Este trabalho objetiva examinar o perfil epidemiológico da leucemia linfoide no Brasil, analisando os parâmetros disponibilizados pela plataforma TabNet no Painel Oncologia, de modo que a partir desses dados possa ser feito um melhor planejamento dos recursos em saúde, visando aumentar as taxas de cura e remissão da doença na população brasileira. Material e métodos: Estudo de caráter observacional, de cunho quantitativo, retrospectivo e analítico, que avalia a distribuição dos casos de leucemia linfoide no Brasil com base nos parâmetros de tempo de tratamento, distribuição por região, número de casos por sexo e casos por faixa etária, disponíveis na plataforma TabNet, ferramenta elaborada pelo DATASUS, que permite a tabulação de informações a partir de dados do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram analisados os casos de 32.485 pacientes, no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2023, e foram incluídos todos os pacientes com o diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide (CID-10: C91). Resultados: Durante os dez anos analisados, 20.662 indivíduos iniciaram tratamento em até 60 dias após o diagnóstico, como preconizado pela Lei n° 12.732, de 22 de novembro de 2012. Entretanto, 6.363 indivíduos tiveram tratamento somente após 60 dias e 5.460 pessoas têm informação de tratamento desconhecida. Em relação à distribuição do número de casos nas regiões do Brasil, temos o maior número de casos na região Sudeste (12.628) e o menor na região Centro-Oeste (2.645). A região Nordeste teve 7.819 casos registrados, enquanto o Sul teve 6.289 e a região Norte teve 3.104 eventos. Durante todo o período considerado, a prevalência da doença foi maior no sexo masculino. Ao final dos dez anos, tem-se um total de 18.953 casos em homens e 13.532 casos em mulheres. Dentre as faixas etárias analisadas, a que apresentou maior incidência foi a de 0 a 19 anos, tendo 14.752 casos dentre os 32.485 listados. Observa-se que após a sexta década de vida há outro aumento significativo no número de casos, sendo a maior incidência na faixa de 65 a 69 anos, com 2.265 casos. Discussão: Este estudo apresenta como principais limitações o fato de tratar-se de um trabalho retrospectivo e a base das informações ser uma plataforma que conta com dados de casos que foram notificados, pois sabe-se que existe uma taxa considerável de subnotificação no país. Outra deficiência está na falta de diferenciação entre os casos agudos e crônicos de leucemia, visto que são condições com características epidemiológicas, gravidade e tratamento distintos. Ademais, em questão de prevalência, o estudo mostra-se semelhante ao que é apresentado na literatura científica. Os números de casos por região são proporcionais à população de cada local e observa-se que cerca de 36% dos pacientes não receberam tratamento no tempo preconizado ou não possuem informações acerca das intervenções realizadas. Conclusão: A análise do perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com leucemia linfoide no Brasil demonstra a necessidade de mudanças na linha de cuidados, além de evidenciar a demanda de dados mais fidedignos acerca da patologia.

EM Leite, LG Alvim, LLRR Oliveira et al.

Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o processo de consultoria arquitetônica oferecido pela Fundação Hemominas (FH) para a implantação de Postos Avançados de Coleta Externa (PACE) em municípios de Minas Gerais que manifestaram interesse formal. O foco é destacar as etapas de negociação, planejamento e implementação, além de abordar as principais dificuldades e soluções encontradas ao longo do processo. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma análise retrospectiva, analítica e descritiva, baseada na avaliação do processo de consultoria arquitetônica desde as negociações iniciais com os municípios até a fase de implantação dos PACEs. Foram considerados aspectos técnicos e normativos, além das especificidades locais de cada município. As unidades foram projetadas para realizar coletas de sangue de forma segura e eficiente, respeitando os protocolos sanitários. Cada PACE possui uma estrutura semelhante a de uma Unidade de Coleta da Hemominas, operando em datas e horários pré-definidos, variando de duas (2) a vinte (20) vezes por mês, conforme acordado entre as partes envolvidas. Resultados: Até o momento, a FH implementou 17 PACEs em diferentes municípios de Minas Gerais, incluindo Araguari, Bom Despacho, Barbacena, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Formiga, Itabira, Itajubá, Lavras, Leopoldina, Muriaé, Nova Lima, Pará de Minas, Patrocínio, São Sebastião do Paraíso, Paracatu, Varginha e Viçosa. A implantação desses PACEs resultou em um aumento significativo na coleta de bolsas de sangue, melhorando a cobertura da hemorrede da FH e facilitando o acesso ao serviço para a população local. Discussão: O processo de consultoria arquitetônica se inicia com discussões entre os gestores do município parceiro e a equipe de arquitetos e analistas da FH. Nesse estágio, é apresentada uma planta padrão para que o município encontre um imóvel compatível com as exigências. A equipe da FH avalia a planta baixa do local escolhido pelo município e elabora um projeto com possíveis adaptações para cumprir os requisitos legais vigentes. O grande desafio para a arquitetura é a necessidade de flexibilidade espacial, considerando que a maioria dos PACEs compartilha edifícios com outros centros de saúde, o que exige atenção especial aos fluxos e à conformidade com a RDC 50 e as exigências da vigilância sanitária. O processo de consultoria inclui análise do espaço disponível, elaboração de estudo preliminar com layout e verificação de fluxos, indicação de equipamentos, mobiliário técnico e administrativo, indicação de materiais de revestimento, projeto de comunicação visual e acompanhamento da execução da obra. A acessibilidade arquitetônica é um desafio adicional nesses contextos. Conclusão: A experiência da Fundação Hemominas na consultoria e implantação de PACEs em municípios de Minas Gerais mostrou ser uma iniciativa bem-sucedida, estabelecendo um modelo eficaz de descentralização dos serviços de coleta de sangue. Esse relato pode servir como referência para outras instituições que buscam implementar soluções semelhantes em diferentes contextos regionais.

Paulo Siqueira do Amaral, Sanjay R. Mohan, Kathryn E. Beckermann

Not available.

CGR Silva, IP Rodrigues, GR Carvalho et al.

Objetivos: Avaliar as diferenças de suscetibilidade à malária pelo Plasmodium vivax entre indivíduos fenótipos Duffy -positivo e Duffy -negativo por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Material e métodos: Para realização da revisão sistemática foram utilizados os bancos de dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Pubmed e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), com os marcadores boleanos “Duffy” and “Plasmodium vivax”. O período de busca compreendeu os anos de 2017 a 2022 e o idioma de seleção foi o inglês. A plataforma PRISMA foi utilizada para construção da revisão. Inicialmente 916 artigos foram retornados e, após os filtros de deleção e inclusão, restaram 17 publicações para avaliação. Resultados: Após leitura completa e análise dos artigos, foi observado que 7 autores encontraram indivíduos fenótipo Duffy -negativo resistentes à malária, 7 apresentaram dados de pacientes fenótipo Duffy -negativos infectados, 1 autor encontrou Duffy -negativos sem presença de infecção, outros 2 autores relacionaram os fenótipos Duffy com a modulação da resposta imune pelo ambientee com a contribuição das frequências do sistema ABO. As publicações abrangeram uma diversidade de nações, com maior ênfase no continente Africano. Discussão: Geralmente indivíduos com fenótipo Duffy -negativo apresentam resistência à malária, porém, alguns estudos selecionados nesta revisão mostraram que as hipóteses vão além da negatividade de Duffy . Indivíduos Duffy-negativos não possuem imunidade total à infecção pelo P. vivax , mas esta característica se mostrou um elemento chave na defesa contra a doença. Se a proteína Duffy não é expressa, ocorre dificuldade na invasão dos eritrócitos, reduzindo a possibilidade de infecção. Em outro estudo, concluiu-se que existem relações entre as variantes Duffy e proteínas plasmáticas, que podem interferir nos sintomas clínicos da malária causada pelo P. vivax . A presente revisão demonstrou que alguns autores apresentaram opiniões divergentes, tendo em vista que estudos recentes apontaram um crescente número de indivíduos Duffy -negativos infectados pelo P. vivax. Existem hipóteses de adaptação do parasito em relação à suscetibilidade, uma vez que um dos estudos avaliados mostrou alta prevalência de P. vivax em indivíduos Duffy -negativos. É importante salientar que, além das questões fenotípicas, existem características genéticas e ambientais capazes de influenciar a relação Duffy -malária. Conclusão: Conclui-se por meio das publicações que não é clara qual mutação/alteração passou a permitir a infecção de indivíduos fenótipo Duffy -negativo pelo P. vivax , sendo necessários mais estudos sobre o tema. Um ponto a ser considerado em futuras pesquisas são os sintomas associados às pessoas Duffy -negativas, visto que as mesmas podem ser assintomáticas ou possuírem sinais clínicos mais brandos.

Dirk Douwes-Schultz, Alexandra M. Schmidt, Laís Picinini Freitas et al.

Univariate zero-inflated models are increasingly being used to account for excess zeros in spatio-temporal infectious disease counts. However, the multivariate case is challenging due to the need to account for correlations across space, time and disease in both the count and zero-inflated components of the model. We are interested in comparing the transmission dynamics of several co-circulating infectious diseases across space and time, where some of the diseases can be absent for long periods. We first assume there is a baseline disease that is well-established and always present in the region. The other diseases switch between periods of presence and absence in each area through a series of coupled Markov chains, which account for long periods of disease absence, disease interactions and disease spread from neighboring areas. Since we are mainly interested in comparing the diseases, we assume the cases of the present diseases in an area jointly follow an autoregressive multinomial model. We use the multinomial model to investigate whether there are associations between certain factors, such as temperature, and differences in the transmission intensity of the diseases. Inference is performed using efficient Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods based on jointly sampling all unknown presence indicators. We apply the model to spatio-temporal counts of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya cases in Rio de Janeiro, during the first triple epidemic there.

Xiaopo Cheng, Christina Caruso, Wilbur A. Lam et al.

The impact of cell segregation and margination in blood disorders on microcirculatory hemodynamics within bifurcated vessels are physiologically significant, yet poorly understood. This study presents a comprehensive computational investigation of red blood cell (RBC) suspension dynamics, with a focus on a model of sickle cell disease (SCD) as an example of a disorder associated with subpopulations of aberrant RBCs. The findings reveal how cell margination influences cellular partitioning and distributions as well as vessel wall shear stress (WSS) at vascular bifurcations. Normal RBCs, which migrate toward the channel center, exhibit the Zweifach-Fung effect, preferentially entering high-flow-rate branches. In contrast, sickle cells, which marginate near the vessel wall, demonstrate an anti-Zweifach-Fung effect, favoring lower-flow-rate branches due to their position within the cell-free layer (CFL). The upstream segregation of cells remains downstream through the bifurcation, where sickle cells accumulate along the outer branch walls. This accumulation of sickle cells increases the frequency of high WSS events via direct physical interactions, particularly on the outer side of high-velocity branches, potentially contributing to the vascular damage and endothelial disruption observed in many disorders that affect RBCs. In geometrically asymmetric bifurcations, cells preferentially enter branches with larger radii, underscoring the influence of geometric complexity on microcirculatory blood flow. These findings provide insights into microvascular hemodynamics in SCD and other blood disorders.

Durbar Roy, Sophia M, Kush K Dewangan et al.

We study the mechanics of evaporation and precipitate formation in pure and bacteria-laden sessile whole blood droplets in the context of disease diagnostics. Using experimental and theoretical analysis, we show evaporation process has three stages based on evaporation rate. In the first stage, edge evaporation results in a gelated contact line along the periphery through sol-gel phase transition. The intermediate stage consists of gelated front propagating radially inwards due to capillary flow and droplet height regression in pinned mode, forming a wet-gel phase. We unearthed that the gelation of the entire droplet occurs in the second stage, and the wet-gel formed contains trace amount of water. In the final slowest stage, wet-gel transforms into dry-gel, leading to desiccation-induced stress forming diverse crack patterns in the precipitate. Slow evaporation in the final stage is quantitatively measured using evaporation of trace water and associated transient delamination of the precipitate. Using axisymmetric lubrication approximation, we compute the transient droplet height profile and the erythrocytes concentration for the first two stages of evaporation. We show that the precipitate thickness profile computed from the theoretical analysis conforms to the optical profilometry measurements. We show that the drop evaporation rate and final dried residue pattern do not change appreciably within the parameter variation of the bacterial concentration typically found in bacterial infection of living organisms. However, at exceedingly high bacterial concentrations, the cracks formed in the coronal region deviate from the typical radial cracks found in lower concentrations.

Medicine Emergency Medicine Professional Committee Of The C, Commission Key Laboratory Of Critical Illness Emergency Medic, Haili Li et al.

Martijn Verbeek, Mathijs Sanders, Dwin Grashof et al.

Vladimir Otasevic, Jelena Ivanović, Vojin Vukovic et al.

Sara Cmet, Anna Rosa Cussigh, Elisabetta Fontanini et al.

Min GUO, Jianmin LI, Jianhui LIU et al.

Objective To investigate the preparation quality and clinical application effect of pooled platelets with leukocytes reduced. Methods The quality and clinical effect of the buffy-coated method prepared pooled platelets leukocytes reduced (experimental group, n=40) and apheresis platelets leukocytes reduced (control group, n=40) were compared. Results The platelet volume (mL), platelet count (×1011), red blood cell contamination (×108) and residual white blood cell (×106) of the experimental group and control group were 278.90±7.92 vs 276.52±8.01, 2.66±0.09 vs 2.66±0.83, 0.54±0.42 vs 0.83±0.84, 0.29±0.54 vs 0.27±0.51, respectively, with no significant difference. The results of bacterial culture were negative, all met the requirements of relevant national standards. In addition, the CCI (×103, 24 h) and PPR (%) were 15.11±9.86 vs 14.61±12.55 and 54.23±18.70 vs 61.41±19.09 respectively, with no significant difference, indicating a certain degree of therapeutic effect. Conclusion The quality and clinical therapeutic effect of pooled platelets leukocytes reduced were consistent with that of apheresis platelets leukocytes reduced.