Hasil untuk "Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation"

Denis S. Nekhan', Aleksey A. Levdanskiy

Purpose. To develop an engineering methodology for calculating the temperature field in the cross-section of hollow-core reinforced concrete slabs (150–250 mm thick) with symmetrically located (relative to the center of gravity) closed circular hollows (40 to 60 % volume) under unilateral standard fire exposure. This methodology is based on adapting a simplified solution to the nonlinear heat conduction equation for solid slabs using correction factors obtained through numerical modeling and taking into account the cross-sectional geometry, point coordinates, and heating duration. Methods. Numerical modeling of heating of reinforced concrete slabs during a standard fire using the finite element method based on the design of a full factorial experiment. This study summarizes the modeling results and analyzes the influence of the geometric parameters of cross-section of the hollow-core slabs and the duration of standard fire exposure on the temperature field generated within the slabs. An existing methodology for calculating the temperature field in solid slabs exposed to a standard fire is adapted for application to hollow-core slabs. Findings. The influence of the geometric parameters of hollow-core reinforced concrete slabs (thickness, volume of enclosed circular cavities) on the temperature field dynamics in the cross-section (at a depth of up to 0.3 of the structure's thickness) under unilateral standard fire exposure lasting from 30 to 180 minutes was determined. A regression equation was derived for determining the khol coefficient, which accounts for the temperature increment at a given distance from the heated surface in hollow-core slabs compared to their solid counterparts under unilateral standard fire exposure. An engineering methodology for assessing the temperature field in hollow-core reinforced concrete slabs (150–250 mm thick with a volume of enclosed circular hollows of 40–60 %) under standard fire exposure was developed. Application field of research. The research results can be used by specialists on design, expert, and scientific organizations to solve simplified heat engineering problems of fire resistance for hollow-core reinforced concrete slabs, as well as to improve existing regulatory legal acts.

Pranita Kaginele, Tyler Najac, Jonathan Maik

Peter Imbriale

PurposeAlthough governments are vital stakeholders in nearly every humanitarian disaster, there is an incomplete understanding of the role of government in humanitarian logistics. The purpose of this study is to review the current literature to better understand the government’s role in the logistics for humanitarian disasters, including its particular challenges and the unique services it can offer to assist in humanitarian relief efforts.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a systematic literature review based on thematic analysis to summarize the findings from diverse methodologies spanning multiple research disciplines.FindingsThe findings of this study propose three key government roles in humanitarian logistics: the host (and regulator), the funder (and responder) and the coordinator. These roles can be assumed simultaneously, but not all are necessarily present in each disaster. A theoretical framework is presented that illustrates these three roles in the context of a humanitarian disaster.Research limitations/implicationsThis review focuses primarily on natural disasters, given the overall gap in both man-made and complex disasters in the present literature. Additionally, this research focuses heavily on disasters in developing nations rather than developed nations, with a potential implication being the focus on the government’s role as a host for external assistance. This study proposes several important avenues for future research based on gaps in the literature. This study also explains the government’s greater involvement in humanitarian supply chain management than typical supply chain management.Practical implicationsOpportunities and challenges in humanitarian logistics, respective to the three roles of governments, are presented and discussed. Opportunities for future research in this area are also presented.Originality/valueThis study advances the humanitarian logistics research domain by increasing the understanding of the foundational critical success factor for humanitarian supply chains and their resilience: the role of government.

Pavel V. Maksimov

Purpose. Improving fire safety during operation of a fire-extinguishing aerosol generator (FEAG), which consists of reducing the temperature of the output flow of fire-extinguishing aerosol (FEA) to values that eliminate spontaneous combustion and melting of substances and materials in the protected area, achieved by a structural method of gas-dynamic cooling. Methods. Literature analysis; comparison of existing results of experimental and theoretical studies on reducing the outlet temperature of the fire extinguishing mixture flow of aerosol generators; comparison of an experimental sample and a serially produced generator during laboratory studies of the temperature fields of the aerosol flow and generator housings and during fire tests. Findings. A new design method for gas-dynamic cooling of a fire-extinguishing aerosol at the outlet of a FEAG has been developed. This method consists of modifying its design with a profiling insert, made according to the type of an annular Laval nozzle with a cylindrical central body, and ensures effective extinguishing of model fires. Based on a serially produced generator, an experimental model of the FEAG, modified with the specified design gas-dynamic cooler, was manufactured, fire tests of which confirmed a decrease in the temperature of the FEA flow at the exit from the generator by 70–75 % in comparison with the serially produced generator. The time to extinguish a flame fire in a protected area during fire tests was reduced by 2 times. Application field of research. The FEAG, modified with a gas-dynamic cooler in the form of a profiling insert, made in the style of a Laval annular nozzle with a cylindrical central body, can be effectively used as an operational means of extinguishing non-smoldering substances and materials.

Vladimir N. Pasovets, Vadim A. Kovtun

Цель. Определение методологических подходов и направлений формирования научно-исследовательских компетенций у обучающихся очной формы получения общего высшего образования. Методы. Теоретический анализ. Результаты. Предложены направления формирования научно-исследовательских компетенций у обучающихся очной формы получения общего высшего образования. Показано, что реализация указанных направлений требует применения комплексного подхода, включающего интеграцию научных исследований в образовательный процесс, внедрение системы наставничества, стимулирование обучающихся и профессорско-преподавательского состава, развитие программ академической мобильности и позволяющего значительно повысить уровень научно-исследовательских компетенций у обучающихся, а также подготовить их к успешной профессиональной деятельности. Установлено, что образовательный процесс с элементами научно-исследовательской деятельности позволяет обучающимся не только углубить свои знания в конкретной области, но и развить навыки системного мышления, аналитического и критического анализа, а также умение работать с информацией и новыми технологиями. В ходе участия в научно-исследовательской деятельности обучающиеся не только развивают способности к рассуждению, обоснованию и аргументации своих выводов, а также к публичному представлению и защите результатов своей работы, но и осознают себя субъектом исследовательского процесса, приобретая при этом навыки решения научно-исследовательских задач. Область применения исследований. Образовательный процесс очной формы получения общего высшего образования.

Yuriy S. Ivanov, Veronika V. Kashankova

Purpose. Justification of the level of protective properties and design of the domestic firefighter-rescuer helmet. Methods. Methods of theoretical knowledge: analysis, synthesis, induction and generalization. Findings. An analysis of studies examining the fundamental protective properties of personal protective equipment (PPE) for the head has identified the main hazards associated with head injuries, their critical values, and the factors influencing the strength properties and design of helmet shells. Promising research methods in the design and development of PPE for the head have been identified. Application field of research. Development of modern domestic PPE.

Денис Сергеевич Нехань, Иван Иванович Полевода, Наталья Владимировна Зайнудинова et al.

Цель. Установить критерии выбора типовых представителей железобетонных изделий для испытаний по определению предела огнестойкости при проведении процедур по оценке соответствия техническим требованиям. Методы. Обобщение подходов по распространению результатов испытаний на огнестойкость строительных конструкций и теоретических методов оценки их огнестойкости. Анализ влияния количественных и качественных показателей железобетонных изделий на их теоретическую огнестойкость, а также результаты огневых испытаний, в том числе их распространение. Результаты. Разработан алгоритм и определены критерии выбора типовых представителей железобетонных изделий для проведения сертификационных испытаний на огнестойкость, основанные на комплексном анализе упрощенных методов и существующих табличных данных по оценке огнестойкости. Их применение позволяет обеспечить пожарную безопасность зданий за счет выбора для проведения сертификационных испытаний на огнестойкость железобетонного изделия, структурные и конструктивные особенности которого свидетельствуют о том, что оно потенциально обладает наиболее низкой огнестойкостью из всех изделий серии. Область применения исследований. Полученные результаты могут использоваться при конструировании железобетонных изделий, а также при проектировании зданий и сооружений. Органы по сертификации могут использовать полученные результаты в рамках оценки (подтверждения) соответствия серии железобетонных изделий техническим требованиям при выборе типовых представителей железобетонных изделий для испытаний. Результаты, полученные в настоящей работе, включены в Положение по выбору типовых представителей железобетонных изделий для проведения испытаний по определению прочности, жесткости, трещиностойкости, предела огнестойкости при проведении процедур по оценке соответствия.

Jonas Schwarz, Tim P. Joussen, Dominik K. Kanbach et al.

PurposeLocal humanitarian supply chains (HSCs) have experienced increasing social and ecological pressures over the past two decades. Enhancing their social-ecological resilience (SER) has thus become increasingly important. Surprisingly, the existing supply chain management literature does not provide unified theoretical explanations or practical guidelines for the SER construct. This study aims to fill this gap.Design/methodology/approachThe authors investigate the antecedents of SER in local HSCs employing a qualitative empirical study of cataract camps in Africa, using semi-structured in-depth interviews with relevant experts and subsequent qualitative data analysis.FindingsThe findings highlight that while conventional resilience typically depends on the robustness and flexibility of associated HSCs, their SER is primarily determined by their actors’ engagement with the local conditions shaped by the regional communities, regulations, and environments.Originality/valueThe study offers a novel theoretical understanding and practical application of the SER construct in an HSC context, shedding light on regional challenges and opportunities. HSC managers and policymakers can build on them to shape the SER profile of their local HSCs.

Xuezhao Zheng, Jing Ren, Xin Tong

Under the combined influence of globalization and urbanization, cities are facing increasingly complex security challenges, which have attracted widespread attention from the international academic community. Research on resilient cities has been continuously deepened. In response to this trend, China has proposed the concept of building safe development-oriented cities. This paper employs CiteSpace to explore the development trajectory of safe development cities, examining current research progress from three perspectives: resilience, smart cities, and sustainability. It aims to establish a long-term vision, form a dynamic balance in the urban safety ecosystem, propose a "Trinity" framework for the construction of safe development-oriented cities, and outline future prospects for the development of safe cities.

J. Abualenain

Background: Integrating technology into disaster response, particularly in health crisis management, enhances communication, resource management, and patient care. However, critical barriers such as system interoperability, network reliability, and insufficient specialized training hinder its effective adoption. Aim and Objective: This study explores the challenges faced by emergency operations center (EOC) leaders in Saudi Arabia in adopting technology for disaster medicine and identifies practical solutions to improve disaster preparedness and response. Methods: A structured survey was administered to 110 EOC leaders, achieving a response rate of 78.2%. The survey incorporated validated tools to assess technology usage, training adequacy, and implementation challenges. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were explored through thematic analysis. Results: Among the 86 respondents, 91.9% reported using telemedicine and digital tools in disaster scenarios. However, 58% found training inadequate, 44% cited staff resistance to new technologies, and 42% highlighted connectivity issues as a significant challenge. Data security concerns were noted by 11%, particularly among older respondents. Correlation analysis revealed that leaders with greater experience perceived technology as more impactful, especially for communication and patient care. Thematic analysis also highlighted the importance of involving staff in decision-making to reduce resistance. Conclusion: Addressing training gaps, building resilient communication networks, and fostering adaptability among staff are critical to advancing technology integration in disaster response. These findings provide actionable insights for Saudi EOCs and offer a roadmap for enhancing global disaster medicine frameworks.

Shana Simcoe, Ross Simcoe

Evelyne Dubreucq Guerif, Sophie Agut, Alexandra Rousseau et al.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Vaso-occlusive crisis is the main reason for emergency department (ED) visits for patients with sickle cell disease. Therapeutic management involves multimodal analgesia, which often comprises the administration of morphine. Recently, the use of virtual reality (VR) has garnered growing interest as a nonpharmacological approach for pain modulation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the impact of integrating VR on the reduction of the total dose of morphine administered during vaso-occlusive crisis. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS This was a prospective before-and-after study conducted in a French adult ED on patients with sickle cell disease and acute pain from vaso-occlusive crisis. INTERVENTION OR EXPOSURE During the first period, patients were managed according to the standard protocol, with no use of VR. During the second period, patients were able to benefit from VR sessions in addition to the usual care. OUTCOME MEASURES AND ANALYSIS The primary outcome was the total dose of morphine administered in the ED. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the feasibility, tolerance, acceptability, and effectiveness of VR in pain management, measured using a numeric rating scale. MAIN RESULTS A total of 97 patients were included in the study, 50 during the noninterventional phase and 47 during the interventional phase. The median morphine dose was 30.7 mg [interquartile range (IQR), 19.7-45.7] in the VR group and 37.7 mg (IQR, 24.7-53.3) in the control group. The median difference between the two groups was -7 mg [95% confidence interval (CI), (-18.6 to 4.6)]. In the VR group, 18.2% of patients (8 out of 44 responders) reported side effects, which included primarily dizziness (50%), followed by nausea (25%) and headaches (25%). Additionally, 83.3% (35 out of 42 responders) of patients expressed the desire to use this method again. CONCLUSION In this prospective study, the use of VR did not reduce the total morphine dose administered in the ED for patients with acute pain and vaso-occlusive crisis. However, the use of VR appeared to be effectively integrated into multimodal pain management, with a high level of patient satisfaction.

Byung hee Choi Byung hee Choi, Chong Soo Cheung Chong Soo Cheung

This study aims to ensure the continuity of public election management during national crises. It analyzes three critical cases in modern Korean history: elections during the Korean War, under martial law, and amid a pandemic. Findings highlight that election management and Business Continuity Planning (BCP) are essential for sustaining government functions. Using literature review and case study methods, the research examines experiences and responses in crisis election management. Results show that legal and institutional preparedness is vital to maintaining electoral continuity in emergencies. Key recommendations include revising emergency election laws, exploring postal and electronic voting, and establishing a continuity framework within the National Election Commission. Administrative and technological measures-such as remote voting and system backups-are also proposed. These strategies aim to ensure fair elections and maintain public trust during future crises.

Ririn Riani, Ihsanul Ikhwan

This research was made to find out the development map on the research topic with the theme Early Warning Economic Crisis. This study discusses bibliometric mapping of the development of trends in keywords, authors, and journals on digital banking from a number of Scopus-indexed reputable papers published between 1990 and 2021. Early warning systems help organizations reduce losses and are critical in detecting emergencies from occurring. This research contributes to the field of early warning system development and applications in the economic and financial sectors by providing new knowledge and critical insights into a previously unexplored topic. Our research also contributes to a better understanding of the use of Early warning systems in business, finance, and economics. Consequently, accumulating knowledge to detect risks before it is too late is crucial for companies to maintain a competitive advantage in the market.

Иван Иванович Полевода, Валерий Викторович Кобяк, Дмитрий Александрович Линник et al.

Цель. Создать массогабаритную модель (далее – МГМ) на базе существующего электромобиля для отработки действий спасателей-пожарных по ликвидации последствий дорожно-транспортных происшествий и пожаров с участием легкового автомобильного транспорта с электроприводом (далее – электромобили). Методы. Теоретический анализ, моделирование. Результаты. Описаны конструктивные требования, предъявляемые к МГМ. Разработана и изготовлена МГМ, имитирующая основные модули наиболее популярных электромобилей. Представлен алгоритм проведения практических занятий по отработке действий по деблокированию пострадавших из салона электромобиля и тушению пожара. Область применения исследований. Разработанная МГМ может использоваться в образовательном процессе при подготовке специалистов по образовательным стандартам специальностей 6-05-1033-01 (1-94 01 01) «Предупреждение и ликвидация чрезвычайных ситуаций», а также при переподготовке руководящих работников и специалистов, имеющих высшее образование, профессиональной подготовке рабочих (служащих) по профессии спасатель-пожарный, организации курсов повышения квалификации по программе «Аварийно-спасательные работы на транспорте».

Matthew Tickle, Sarah Schiffling, Gaurav Verma

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the impact of fourth-party logistics (4PL) adoption on the agility, adaptability and alignment (AAA) capabilities within humanitarian supply chains (HSCs). Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews with individuals from a large non-government organisation were combined with secondary data to assess the influence of 4PL adoption on AAA capabilities in HSCs. Findings – The results indicate that HSCs exhibit some of the AAA antecedents but not all are fully realised. While 4PL positively affects the AAA capabilities of HSCs, its adoption faces challenges such as the funding environment, data security/confidentiality and alignment with humanitarian principles. The study suggests an AAA antecedent realignment, positioning alignment as a precursor to agility and adaptability. It also identifies three core antecedents in HSCs: flexibility, speed and environmental uncertainty. Practical implications – The study shows the positive impact 4PL adoption can have on the AAA capabilities of HSCs. The findings have practical relevance for those wishing to optimise HSC performance through 4PL adoption, by identifying the inhibiting factors to its adoption as well as strategies to address them. Originality/value – This research empirically explores 4PL’s impact on AAA capabilities in HSCs, highlighting the facilitating and hindering factors of 4PL adoption in this environment as well as endorsing a realignment of AAA antecedents. It also contributes to the growing research on SC operations in volatile settings.

Hossein Rastgoftar, Salim Hariri

Crisis management (CM) for critical infrastructures, natural disasters such as wildfires and hurricanes, terrorist actions, or civil unrest requires high speed communications and connectivity, and access to high performance computational resources to deliver timely dynamic responses to the crisis being managed by different first responders. CM systems should detect, recognize, and disseminate huge amounts of heterogeneous dynamic events that operate at different speeds and formats. Furthermore, the processing of crisis events and the development of real-time responses are major research challenges when the communications and computational resources needed by CM stakeholders are not available or severely degraded by the crisis. The main goal of the research presented in this paper is to utilize Unmanned Autonomous Systems (UAS) to provide Aerial-based Crisis Management Center (ACMC) that will provide the required communications services and the computational resources that are critically needed by first responders. In our approach to develop an ACMC architecture, we utilize a set of flexible Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) that can be dynamically composed to meet the communications and computational requirements of CM tasks. The ACMC services will be modeled as a deep neural network (DNN) mass transport approach to cover a distributed target in a decentralized manner. This is indeed a new decentralized coverage approach with time-varying communication weights. Furthermore, our analysis proves the stability and convergence of the proposed DNN-based mass transport for a team of UAS (e.g., quadcopters), where each quadcopter uses a feedback nonlinear control to independently attain the intended coverage trajectory in a decentralized manner.

Bao-Thien Nguyen-Tat, Minh-Quoc Bui, Vuong M. Ngo

Haar Cascade is a cost-effective and user-friendly machine learning-based algorithm for detecting objects in images and videos. Unlike Deep Learning algorithms, which typically require significant resources and expensive computing costs, it uses simple image processing techniques like edge detection and Haar features that are easy to comprehend and implement. By combining Haar Cascade with OpenCV2 on an embedded computer like the NVIDIA Jetson Nano, this system can accurately detect and match faces in a database for attendance tracking. This system aims to achieve several specific objectives that set it apart from existing solutions. It leverages Haar Cascade, enriched with carefully selected Haar features, such as Haar-like wavelets, and employs advanced edge detection techniques. These techniques enable precise face detection and matching in both images and videos, contributing to high accuracy and robust performance. By doing so, it minimizes manual intervention and reduces errors, thereby strengthening accountability. Additionally, the integration of OpenCV2 and the NVIDIA Jetson Nano optimizes processing efficiency, making it suitable for resource-constrained environments. This system caters to a diverse range of educational institutions, including schools, colleges, vocational training centers, and various workplace settings such as small businesses, offices, and factories. ... The system's affordability and efficiency democratize attendance management technology, making it accessible to a broader audience. Consequently, it has the potential to transform attendance tracking and management practices, ultimately leading to heightened productivity and accountability. In conclusion, this system represents a groundbreaking approach to attendance tracking and management...

H. Rao, Naga Vemprala, Patricia Akello et al.

Coronavirus related discussions have spiraled at an exponential rate since its initial outbreak. By the end of May, more than 6 million people were diagnosed with this infection. Twitter witnessed an outpouring of anxious tweets through messages associated with the spread of the virus. Government and health officials replied to the troubling tweets, reassuring the public with regular alerts on the virus's progress and information to defend against the virus. We observe that social media users are worried about Covid 19-related crisis and we identify three separate conversations on virus contagion, prevention, and the economy. We analyze the tone of officials’ tweet text as alarming and reassuring and capture the response of Twitter users to official communications. Such studies can provide insights to health officials and government agencies for crisis management, specifically regarding communicating emergency information to the public via social media for establishing reassurance.