Hasil untuk "By period"

Sujong Jeong, Chang‐Hoi Ho, Hyeon-Ju Gim et al.

L. Bouwman, K. K. Goldewijk, K. W. Van der Hoek et al.

G. Bond, H. Heinrich, W. Broecker et al.

R. Dekeyser

M. Schlesinger, N. Ramankutty

T. Blunier, E. Brook

D. MacIntyre, M. Chandiramani, Yun S. Lee et al.

The composition and structure of the pregnancy vaginal microbiome may influence susceptibility to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies on the pregnant vaginal microbiome have largely been limited to Northern American populations. Using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we characterised the vaginal microbiota of a mixed British cohort of women (n = 42) who experienced uncomplicated term delivery and who were sampled longitudinally throughout pregnancy (8–12, 20–22, 28–30 and 34–36 weeks gestation) and 6 weeks postpartum. We show that vaginal microbiome composition dramatically changes postpartum to become less Lactobacillus spp. dominant with increased alpha-diversity irrespective of the community structure during pregnancy and independent of ethnicity. While the pregnancy vaginal microbiome was characteristically dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and low alpha-diversity, unlike Northern American populations, a significant number of pregnant women this British population had a L. jensenii-dominated microbiome characterised by low alpha-diversity. L. jensenii was predominantly observed in women of Asian and Caucasian ethnicity whereas L. gasseri was absent in samples from Black women. This study reveals new insights into biogeographical and ethnic effects upon the pregnancy and postpartum vaginal microbiome and has important implications for future studies exploring relationships between the vaginal microbiome, host health and pregnancy outcomes.

T. Shanahan, N. McKay, K. Hughen et al.

M. Horowitz, E. Neeman, E. Sharon et al.

SPULBAR CRISTI , DUPIR MIHAI CATALIN

This article analyses the evolution, structure, and dynamics of the academic literature on green finance in the context of climate change, using a bibliometric approach applied to publications indexed in the Web of Science – Core Collection for the period 2001–2025. The methodology is based on descriptive and relational bibliometric indicators, including the analysis of scientific production, sources, authors’ impact, co-authorship networks, and keyword co occurrence, complemented by thematic maps and temporal analyses of emerging themes, conducted using the Bibliometrix package within the R environment. The results highlight an accelerated growth of academic interest after 2016, with a concentration of publications in economics and finance journals such as Energy Economics, Finance Research Letters, and International Review of Financial Analysis, as well as a polycentric structure of international collaborations dominated by East Asia and Europe. The conceptual analysis reveals three major thematic clusters: the performance and impact of green investments, energy transition and sustainable economic growth, and systemic risks and financial stability. The emergence of themes such as financial digitalisation, fintech, and artificial intelligence indicates recent directions of research diversification. The article contributes by providing a systematic mapping of a rapidly maturing field and by identifying epistemic gaps, highlighting the need to expand comparative studies, interdisciplinary approaches, and analyses of green finance in emerging and transition economies.

S. Naderi, K. Samadi, A. A. Zeraati et al.

Introduction. COVID-19 has been associated with both acute and chronic extrapulmonary complications, including renal dysfunction. Understanding the long-term effects of COVID-19 on renal function is essential for managing recovery in affected individuals.Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term renal outcomes in patients who recovered from COVID-19, focusing on changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels in Iran.Materials & methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences cohort. The study included patients who had confirmed COVID-19 and a minimum follow-up period of six months post-recovery. Renal function was assessed by measuring the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels both at baseline (when COVID-19 was initially diagnosed) and at follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed to explore the associations between renal outcomes and various factors, including gender, the severity of COVID-19, and blood pressure status.Results. In the study, 55.3% were male, and the mean age of 51.38 ± 13.41. Among the patients, 55.3% were male and 44.7% were female. The difference in mean creatinine level between baseline and follow-up was significant (p < 0.001). The difference in mean GFR between baseline and follow-up was significant (p < 0.001). In men, the mean blood urea nitrogen at the first visit and at the follow-up difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.241). In women, the mean blood urea nitrogen was a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.003). Other parameters, including creatinine and GFR, did not differ significantly in both male and female groups at the time of hospitalization and follow-up.Conclusion. Overall, the results of this study suggest that COVID-19 can affect kidney function, especially in association with underlying factors such as hypertension and diabetes, and female gender, which may be risk factors for more severe renal complications in patients with COVID-19. The decrease in GFR in patients with hypertension and diabetes highlights the importance of controlling these diseases in patients with COVID-19. Overall, this study showed that COVID-19 can have lasting effects on patients' kidney function.

Alexander L. Khokhlov, Ilya I. Yaichkov, Anton A. Shetnev et al.

Introduction: The 4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (ODASA) is a newcarbonic anhydrase II inhibitor for open-angle glaucoma treatment, but the excretion study of this compound has not been performed yet. Aim: Calculation of excretion parameters of ODASAand its metabolites in urine and feces in rats. Materials and Methods: The ODASA excretion was investigated on 6 Wistar rats. The 1% suspension of ODASA was instilled into each eye in a volume of 20μL (1.6 mg/kg). Excreta were collected using metabolic cages. Sampling of feces was performed every 24 h for 384 h after the administration. Urine was taken frequently in first day of experiment: 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after administration. Samples was stabilized and frozen (temperature <-70°C). Quantification of ODASA, 4-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl]-benzenesulfonamide (M1), N-hydroxy-4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (M2), 4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-benzenesulfonic acid (M3) was carried out by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. M2 was unstable in samples, and its content was calculated by summing the concentrations of M2 and its degradation product M3. Kinetex Phenyl Hexyl column (50*4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) was used for chromatographic separation. Results: The developed bioanalytical methods for rat excreta analysis were validated in the range of 10-10000 ppb for ODASA and M1, 1-1000 ppb – for M2, and 5-5000 ppb – for M3. Part of 16.29±1.60% of the active compound was eliminated in unchanged form, 80.27±1.68% – in the form of M1, and 3.43±0.33% – in form of M2 (М±SEM). The drug is mainly excreted by renal route: 14.22±1.43% in the form of ODASA, 69.90±1.80% – in the form of M1, and 1.88±0.24% – in the form of M2 (М±SEM). The highest rate of renal excretion of the studiedcompounds was observed in period of 8-12 hours after administration. The complete elimination of ODASA was achieved through 360 h after administration. Conclusion: Most part of ODASA is eliminated in the form of M1. The main route of excretion is renal. The use of validated bioanalytical methods guaranteed reliability of the obtained data.

Suyang Chen, Cai Yu

Introduction: An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus, usually occurred after the removal of maxillary premolar and molar teeth. Many techniques have been described for closure of oroantral fistulas but ignoring restoration of bony defects secondary to OAFs. This report presents a novel three-layered method for repairing OAFs with biomaterials sandwiched between the maxillary sinus floor mucosa and the palatal flap. Case description: A 59-year-old female patient was admitted to clinic with an oroantral fistula, of which the diameter was 6 mm. Firstly, peripheral soft tissue of the fistula was utilized to repair the maxillary sinus floor mucosa. And then, a mineralized collagen plug was placed over the sinus mucosa. Finally, the fistula was completely covered by a palatal flap. The follow-up period lasted for 6 months to evaluate the closure of the OAF and bone regeneration. Discussion: To yield adequate bone, a mineralized collagen plug was used to maintain space and promote bone generation. Compared with a buccal flap, a pedicled palatal flap has advantages of offering well-keratinized gingiva, not reducing the ridge height and better blood supply, thus ensuring success of both the closure of OAFs and the subsequent implant placement. Conclusion/clinical significance: The closure was successfully achieved without any signs of inflammation in the maxillary sinus and regenerative bone was observed after 6 months. The triple-layered technique is an effective procedure to repair OAFs.

Steve Dann Camargo Hinostroza, Carmen Andrea Taza Rojas, Diana Lizet Poma Limache and Camila Jimena Poma Romero

The objective of the research was to determine the water quality index of Lake Chinchaycocha, which has faced pollution problems for several years. To do this, we worked with data from ten water quality monitoring points collected by the National Water Authority (ANA) during the period 2019-2023, after which the water quality index (ICA-PE) was calculated by analyzing a total of 12 parameters, using the Water Quality Standard (ECA) for water category 4 E1 (lagoons and lakes). The results of the physicochemical parameters indicated that the values of total nitrogen exceed the limits established in the ECA in 82% of the data obtained, pH in 13%, and phosphorus in 1%. In the evaluation of inorganic parameters, data from the LChin1S monitoring point showed that lead and zinc levels exceeded the values established in the ECA by 8% and 3%, respectively. Regarding the ICA-PE of the dry and wet seasons, it was determined that both present a good quality according to their averages and with the results obtained from the ICA-PE in a general way, it is concluded that Lake Chinchaycocha has a good water quality having total nitrogen as the main pollutant.

L. Barbieri-Viale

For any scheme which is algebraic over a subfield of the complex numbers we here construct an homological regulator from Suslin homology to period homology and a higher cycle class map from Bloch's higher Chow group to the period Borel-Moore homology. Over algebraic numbers, making use of the motivic Albanese, we provide a purely geometric description of these period homologies in degree 1 and we characterise the $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$-cokernel of these regulators in terms of torsion zero-cycles, showing that Grothendieck period conjectures imply generalised Roĭtman theorems.

Daniel A. Yahalomi, David Kipping, Eric Agol et al.

Transit timing variations (TTVs) are observed for exoplanets at a range of amplitudes and periods, yielding an ostensibly degenerate forest of possible explanations. We offer some clarity in this forest, showing that systems with a distant perturbing planet preferentially show TTVs with a dominant period equal to either the perturbing planet's period or half the perturbing planet's period. We demonstrate that planet induced TTVs are not expected with dominant TTV periods below this exoplanet edge (lower period limit) and that systems with TTVs that fall below this limit likely contain additional mass in the system. We present an explanation for both of these periods, showing that both aliasing of the conjunction induced synodic period and the near $1:2$ resonance super-period and tidal effects induce TTVs at periods equal to either the perturber's orbit or half-orbit. We provide three examples of known systems for which the recovered TTV period induced by a distant perturbing planet is equal to the perturber's orbital period or half its orbital period. We then investigate \textit{Kepler} two-planet systems with TTVs and identify 13 two-planet systems with TTVs below this TTV period lower limit -- thus potentially uncovering the gravitational influence of new planets and/or moons. We conclude by discussing how the exoplanet edge effects can be used to predict the presence of distance companion planets, in situations where TTVs are detected and where nearby companions can be ruled out by additional observations, such as radial velocity data.

Izabella Łaba, Dmitrii Zakharov

If a finite set $A$ tiles the integers by translations, it also admits a tiling whose period $M$ has the same prime factors as $|A|$. We prove that the minimal period of such a tiling is bounded by $\exp(c(\log D)^2/\log\log D)$, where $D$ is the diameter of $A$. In the converse direction, given $ε>0$, we construct tilings whose minimal period has the same prime factors as $|A|$ and is bounded from below by $D^{3/2-ε}$. We also discuss the relationship between minimal tiling period estimates and the Coven-Meyerowitz conjecture.

Hai-Hsuan Cheng, Wan-Sheng Yu, Shu-Chuang Tseng et al.

Abstract According to the Taiwan Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, the average water demand shortage is 530.6 million m3 yr−1 during the period of 2011 to 2019, and the situation will worsen in the near future due to global climate change. Therefore, reclaimed water has been an important new water source in Taiwan, particularly for industrial consumers such as high-tech industries in Science Parks. In order to meet the targeted reclaimed water supply of 1.32 million m3 d−1 (CMD) in 2031, Taiwan is focusing on two major reclaimed water sources, including reclaimed water from high water-consuming industries and municipal wastewater treatment plants. This report reviews current technologies used for reclaimed water including units for pretreatment, desalting, polishing, and reclamation. Case studies in Taiwan including reclaimed water from high water-consuming industries such as thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) and semiconductor industries, as well as from municipal wastewater treatment plants are presented. The TFT-LCD company Innolux and semiconductor company Advaned Semiconductor Engineering have implemented total recycled water system to recycle and reclaim wastewater from manufacturing processes, achieving a total recycled water of 290 million m3 yr−1 with about 97% recovery and 3.5 million m3 yr−1 with 80% recovery, respectively. The Fengshan reclaimed water treatment plant produces 40,436 CMD reclaimed water from municipal wastewater for the China Steel Cooperation’s steel-making processes, at an overall operation and maintenance cost of 11.5 NT dollars m−3. Meanwhile the Yongkang plant produces 15,500 CMD of reclaimed water for semiconductor and TFT-LCD manufacturing processes at an overall operation and maintenance costs of 25.8 NT dollars m−3, which is due to low urea and boron limits requested by the user. Finally, challenges and future prospects for promoting the use of reclaimed water to meet the targeted supply in 2031 will be discussed.

N. V. Mikryukova, N. M. Kalinina

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) is a severe relapsing disease requiring inpatient treatment, with clinical pattern including the features of anaphylaxis. The article presents diagnostic criteria aimed for differentiation of MCAS from similar severe conditions as well as discusses local forms of mast cell activation. The consensus group has established distinct criteria for diagnosing MCAS. The agreed criteria include episodic (recurrent) occurrence of typical systemic symptoms caused by release of mast cell mediators and involve, at least, two organs; an increase in serum tryptase level by, at least, 20% over individual baseline tryptase plus  2 ng/mL tryptase during 3-4 hours of the pathological reaction; a positive response to drugs that either target mast cells mediators, or their effects. In principle, the classification of MCAS is based on its etiology being subdivided into primary (clonal) MCAS, secondary MCAS, and idiopathic MCAS. The primary MCAS is determined by clonal expansion of mast cells and is considered systemic mastocytosis. In secondary MCAS, normal mast cells are activated by the known triggers, e.g., IgE. If neither clonal expansion nor a trigger for mast cells activation are identified, the condition is defined as idiopathic MCAS.The new COVID-19 infection has attracted particular interest in MCAS, since the severe course of COVID-19 was thought to develop due to latent MCAS, but the criteria for MCAS in these patients were not reproduced. In the presence of local symptoms, such as urticaria, or in cases of single-organ involvement, e.g., isolated gastrointestinal symptoms, and suspected mast cell activation being basic to pathogenesis, the term mast cell activation disorder was introduced. Moreover, the article discusses several different mediators that are proposed as markers in the diagnosis of MCAS.However, over-diagnosis of MCAS entails the risk of missing the underlying pathology, which is not associated with MCAS, and requires differential diagnosis with a number of diseases. In the absence of severe attacks (with hypotension and shock), the likelihood of MCAS is generally very low. Of course, the patients with mastocytosis and/or confirmed IgE-dependent allergy are at higher risk of developing MCAS, but a   key diagnostic marker is an event-related increase in mast cells tryptase from baseline determined over the asymptomatic period. The diagnosis of MCAS is highly likely if the tryptase level rises above a certain threshold (20% of baseline plus 2 ng/mL).

Taohan Lin, Nataliya Rybnikova

Night-time light (NTL) data have been widely used as a remote proxy for the economic performance of regions. The use of these data is more advantageous than the traditional census approach is due to its timeliness, low cost, and comparability between regions and countries. Several recent studies have explored monthly NTL composites produced by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and revealed a dimming of the light in some countries during the national lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we explicitly tested the extent to which the observed decrease in the amount of NTL is associated with the economic recession at the subnational level. Specifically, we explore how the association between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the amount of NTL is modulated by the pandemic and whether NTL data can still serve as a sufficiently reliable proxy for the economic performance of regions even during stressful pandemic periods. For this reason, we use the states of the US and quarterly periods within 2014–2021 as a case study. We start with building a linear mixed effects model linking the state-level quarterly GDPs with the corresponding pre-processed NTL data, additionally controlling only for a long-term trends and seasonal fluctuations. We intentionally do not include other socio-economic predictors, such as population density and structure, in the model, aiming to observe the ‘pure’ explanatory potential of NTL. As it is built only for the pre-COVID-19 period, this model demonstrates a rather good performance, with R² = 0.60, while its extension across the whole period (2014–2021) leads to a considerable worsening of this (R² = 0.42), suggesting that not accounting for the COVID-19 phenomenon substantially weakens the ‘natural’ GDP–NTL association. At the same time, the model’s enrichment with COVID-19 dummies restores the model fit to R² = 0.62. As a plausible application, we estimated the state-level economic losses by comparing actual GDPs in the pandemic period with the corresponding predictions generated by the pre-COVID-19 model. The states’ vulnerability to the crisis varied from ~8 to ~18% (measured as a fraction of the pre-pandemic GDP level in the 4th quarter of 2019), with the largest losses being observed in states with a relatively low pre-pandemic GDP per capita, a low number of remote jobs, and a higher minority ratio.