Hasil untuk "Business"

Fernanda Alberto, M. S. Guerreiro

Agricultural Ecosystems Facts and Trends Foreword The rapid increase in food prices in many countries has led to substantial media attention on agriculture. We hope that providing this Facts & Trends publication will help uncover some key trade-offs that mean extremely challenging decisions for governments, farmers, consumers and industry. This publication does not attempt to cover everything there is to know about agricultural ecosystems. Rather, it tries to present well-documented facts and fi gures to better understand the challenges facing the sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems. We have used existing data from the World Resources Institute (WRI), the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and many other sources. We present it here in a simplifi ed and condensed format to stimulate forward thinking and ongoing dialogue between business, civil society, government and other stakeholders.

T. Beauchamp, N. Bowie

Found in this Section: 1. Overview of Changes 2. Chapter-by-Chapter Changes 1. Overview of Changes * The 9th edition is thoroughly updated to reflect the best new work in the field and important new trends in business ethics. * New case studies on recent business ethics scandals such as the financial crisis, Wall Street ethics, gay and lesbian rights at work, and the BP Deepwater Horizon disaster are included. (ex. p. 196) * International business ethics issues have been woven throughout the chapters. (ex. p. 536) * MySearchLab with eText can be packaged with this text. * MySearchLab provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. * eText - Just like the printed text, you can highlight and add notes to the eText or download it to your iPad. * Assessment - Chapter quizzes and flashcards offer immediate feedback and report directly to the gradebook. * Writing and Research - A wide range of writing, grammar and research tools and access to a variety of academic journals, census data, Associated Press newsfeeds, and discipline-specific readings help you hone your writing and research skills. * Ebsco's ContentSelect - With Ebsco's ContentSelect, students get 24-hour access to abstracts and full-text articles from thousands of scholarly and popular periodicals, including Newsweek, National Review, and USA Today's Magazine - all grouped and organized by subject area. * Research Tutorial - When students click on the research button in MySearchLab, they get a step-by-step tutorial for the entire research process, including understanding the assignment, finding a topic, creating effective notes, how to form a paradigm, and understand and finding source material. * YouDecide - YouDecide activities provide opposing viewpoints in a series of issue-centered debates with accompanying video resources. * Create a Custom Text: For enrollments of at least 25, create your own textbook by combining chapters from best-selling Pearson textbooks and/or reading selections in the sequence you want. To begin building your custom text, visit www.pearsoncustomlibrary.com. You may also work with a dedicated Pearson Custom editor to create your ideal text-publishing your own original content or mixing and matching Pearson content. Contact your Pearson Publisher's Representative to get started. 2. Chapter-by-Chapter Changes Chapter 1: Ethical Theory and Business Practice * This introductory chapter has been thoroughly updated. * Three new case studies facilitate discussion of ethical theories. Chapter 2: The Purpose of the Corporation * New coverage of ethical cultures and moral responsibility is included. * New case on BP and the Deepwater Horizon disaster is featured. Chapter 3: Ethical Treatment of Employees * New coverage of whistle-blowing is included in this chapter. Chapter 4: Diversity and Discrimination in the Workplace * The coverage of affirmative action and diversity has been updated. * A new case on gay and lesbian rights at work is featured. Chapter 5: Marketing and the Disclosure of Information * This chapter features expanded coverage of pharmaceutical marketing. Chapter 6: Ethical Issues in Finance and Accounting * New coverage of Wall Street ethics, insider trading, and predatory lending and the financial crisis is included. Chapter 7: Ethical Issues Regarding Emerging Technologies * New coverage of social media and internet privacy is included. Chapter 8: Environmental Sustainability * Three new articles on environmental sustainability are featured. * New cases on best practices in sustainability are included. Chapter 9: Ethical Issues in International Business * Updated articles and cases are included. Chapter 10: Social and Economic Justice * New coverage of the financial crisis and executive competition is included. * New case studies on base of the pyramid strategies are featured.

Martin Geissdoerfer, Martin Geissdoerfer, S. Morioka et al.

Abstract The Circular Economy is increasingly seen as a possible solution to address sustainable development. An economic system that minimises resource input into and waste, emission, and energy leakage out of the system is hoped to mitigate negative impacts without jeopardising growth and prosperity. This paper discusses the sustainability performance of the circular business models (CBM) and circular supply chains necessary to implement the concept on an organisational level and proposes a framework to integrate circular business models and circular supply chain management towards sustainable development. It was developed based on literature analysis and four case studies. The proposed framework shows how different circular business models are driving circular supply chain in different loops: closing loops, slowing loops, intensifying loops, narrowing loops, and dematerialising loops. The identified circular business models vary in complexity of the circular supply chain and in the value proposition. Our research indicates circular business and circular supply chain help in realising sustainability ambitions.

Lorenzo Massa, Christopher L. Tucci, Allan Afuah

S. Evans, Doroteya Vladimirova, M. Holgado et al.

Business model innovation has seen a recent surge in academic research and business practice. Changes to business models are recognized as a fundamental approach to realize innovations for sustainability. However, little is known about the successful adoption of sustainable business models (SBMs). The purpose of this paper is to develop a unified theoretical perspective for understanding business model innovations that lead to better organizational economic, environmental and social performance. The paper examines bodies of literature on business model innovation, sustainability innovation, networks theory, stakeholder theory and product–service systems. We develop five propositions that support the creation of SBMs in a unified perspective, which lays a foundation to support organizations in investigating and experimenting with alternative new business models. This article contributes to the emerging field of SBMs, which embed economic, environmental and social flows of value that are created, delivered and captured in a value network. It highlights gaps for addressing the challenges of business model innovation for sustainability and suggests avenues for future research. © 2017 The Authors. Business Strategy and the Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Florian Lüdeke‐Freund, S. Gold, N. Bocken

M. Lewandowski

Switching from the current linear model of economy to a circular one has recently attracted increased attention from major global companies e.g., Google, Unilever, Renault, and policymakers attending the World Economic Forum. The reasons for this are the huge financial, social and environmental benefits. However, the global shift from one model of economy to another also concerns smaller companies on a micro-level. Thus, comprehensive knowledge on designing circular business models is needed to stimulate and foster implementation of the circular economy. Existing business models for the circular economy have limited transferability and there is no comprehensive framework supporting every kind of company in designing a circular business model. This study employs a literature review to identify and classify the circular economy characteristics according to a business model structure. The investigation in the eight sub-domains of research on circular business models was used to redefine the components of the business model canvas in the context of the circular economy. Two new components—the take-back system and adoption factors—have been identified, thereby leading to the conceptualization of an extended framework for the circular business model canvas. Additionally, the triple fit challenge has been recognized as an enabler of the transition towards a circular business model. Some directions for further research have been outlined, as well.

N. Venkatraman, V. Ramanujam

M. Pieroni, T. McAloone, Daniela C. A. Pigosso

Abstract As circular economy and sustainability gain greater attention of governments, industry and academia, business model innovation for circularity and/or sustainability is becoming fundamental to sustain companies' competitive advantage. A variety of business model innovation approaches have been proposed to suit circular economy or sustainability principles. Although they largely have been addressed independently as two separate knowledge areas, there is an opportunity to seize synergies from the intersection of both streams. This paper provides a review of approaches for business model innovation for circular economy and/or sustainability, based on a systematic review of academic literature and practitioner-based methodologies. The systematic literature review identified 94 publications and 92 approaches (including conceptual models, methods or tools). The different approaches were categorized according to the business model innovation process, following a three stage dynamic capability view. Subsequently they were compared based on five characteristics (nature of data, boundaries of analysis, level of abstraction, time-based view, and representation style), to allow for a better understanding of how to use the approaches in research and practice. Based on the review, key findings outlining trends and a reflection about the interface of the scopes of circular economy-oriented and sustainability-oriented business model innovation are presented. Moreover, a number of gaps are identified and a framework that maps a future research agenda to simultaneously advance both streams is outlined.

F. Boons, Florian Lüdeke‐Freund

Serge-Lopez Wamba-Taguimdje, S. Wamba, Jean Robert Kala Kamdjoug et al.

PurposeThe main purpose of our study is to analyze the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on firm performance, notably by building on the business value of AI-based transformation projects. This study was conducted using a four-step sequential approach: (1) analysis of AI and AI concepts/technologies; (2) in-depth exploration of case studies from a great number of industrial sectors; (3) data collection from the databases (websites) of AI-based solution providers; and (4) a review of AI literature to identify their impact on the performance of organizations while highlighting the business value of AI-enabled projects transformation within organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis study has called on the theory of IT capabilities to seize the influence of AI business value on firm performance (at the organizational and process levels). The research process (responding to the research question, making discussions, interpretations and comparisons, and formulating recommendations) was based on a review of 500 case studies from IBM, AWS, Cloudera, Nvidia, Conversica, Universal Robots websites, etc. Studying the influence of AI on the performance of organizations, and more specifically, of the business value of such organizations’ AI-enabled transformation projects, required us to make an archival data analysis following the three steps, namely the conceptual phase, the refinement and development phase, and the assessment phase.FindingsAI covers a wide range of technologies, including machine translation, chatbots and self-learning algorithms, all of which can allow individuals to better understand their environment and act accordingly. Organizations have been adopting AI technological innovations with a view to adapting to or disrupting their ecosystem while developing and optimizing their strategic and competitive advantages. AI fully expresses its potential through its ability to optimize existing processes and improve automation, information and transformation effects, but also to detect, predict and interact with humans. Thus, the results of our study have highlighted such AI benefits in organizations, and more specifically, its ability to improve on performance at both the organizational (financial, marketing and administrative) and process levels. By building on these AI attributes, organizations can, therefore, enhance the business value of their transformed projects. The same results also showed that organizations achieve performance through AI capabilities only when they use their features/technologies to reconfigure their processes.Research limitations/implicationsAI obviously influences the way businesses are done today. Therefore, practitioners and researchers need to consider AI as a valuable support or even a pilot for a new business model. For the purpose of our study, we adopted a research framework geared toward a more inclusive and comprehensive approach so as to better account for the intangible benefits of AI within organizations. In terms of interest, this study nurtures a scientific interest, which aims at proposing a model for analyzing the influence of AI on the performance of organizations, and at the same time, filling the associated gap in the literature. As for the managerial interest, our study aims to provide managers with elements to be reconfigured or added in order to take advantage of the full benefits of AI, and therefore improve organizations’ performance, the profitability of their investments in AI transformation projects, and some competitive advantage. This study also allows managers to consider AI not as a single technology but as a set/combination of several different configurations of IT in the various company’s business areas because multiple key elements must be brought together to ensure the success of AI: data, talent mix, domain knowledge, key decisions, external partnerships and scalable infrastructure.Originality/valueThis article analyses case studies on the reuse of secondary data from AI deployment reports in organizations. The transformation of projects based on the use of AI focuses mainly on business process innovations and indirectly on those occurring at the organizational level. Thus, 500 case studies are being examined to provide significant and tangible evidence about the business value of AI-based projects and the impact of AI on firm performance. More specifically, this article, through these case studies, exposes the influence of AI at both the organizational and process performance levels, while considering it not as a single technology but as a set/combination of the several different configurations of IT in various industries.

Marko Kohtamäki, V. Parida, Pejvak Oghazi et al.

This study extends the discussion of digital servitization business models by adopting the perspective of the theory of the firm. We use four theories of the firm (industrial organization, the reso ...

Martin Geissdoerfer, M. Pieroni, D. Pigosso et al.

Abstract The Circular Economy is gaining traction in academia, industry, and policy making as an alternative model that minimises resource depletion, waste, and emissions. To implement the concept on the organisational level, business models are an important leverage. A body of literature has emerged investigating the notion of circular business model and circular business model innovation, however, there is considerable lack of clarity about their theoretical conceptualisation. To address this and systematise the state-of-the-art of the nascent field of circular business models and circular business model innovation, we have reviewed this literature, employing systematic database searches and cross-reference snowballing. Our contributions to conceptual clarity are: (1) an overview of the history of the concepts of circular business model and circular business model innovation, (2) an overview and synthesis of definitions of circular business model and circular business model innovation, and (3) an overview and synthesis of conceptual frameworks for circular business model and circular business model innovation.

R. Casadesus-Masanell, J. Ricart

J. Growiec, F. Pammolli, M. Riccaboni et al.

Yuanchun Chen, C. Bellavitis

Abstract Blockchain technology can reduce transaction costs, generate distributed trust, and empower decentralized platforms, potentially becoming a new foundation for decentralized business models. In the financial industry, blockchain technology allows for the rise of decentralized financial services, which tend to be more decentralized, innovative, interoperable, borderless, and transparent. Empowered by blockchain technology, decentralized financial services have the potential to broaden financial inclusion, facilitate open access, encourage permissionless innovation, and create new opportunities for entrepreneurs and innovators. In this article, we assess the benefits of decentralized finance, identify existing business models, and evaluate potential challenges and limits. As a new area of financial technology, decentralized finance may reshape the structure of modern finance and create a new landscape for entrepreneurship and innovation, showcasing the promises and challenges of decentralized business models.

Francesco Ciampi, Stefano Demi, Alessandro Magrini et al.

Abstract Big Data Analytics Capabilities (BDAC) represent critical tools for business competitiveness in highly dynamic markets. In this connection, by leveraging on the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV) this study analyses the relationship between BDAC and Business Model Innovation (BMI). It argues that the impact of BDAC (a lower-order dynamic capability) on BMI is mediated by Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO; a higher-order dynamic capability). The proposed model is assessed by PLS-SEM (symmetric) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (asymmetric) methods using survey data from 253 UK firms. Our findings demonstrate that BDAC have both direct and indirect positive effects on BMI, with the latter being mediated by EO. These results enrich the innovation management literature on Big Data (BD) by showing that BDAC influence company strategic logics and objectives, rather than depending on them, thus playing a significant role in creating value for companies and their stakeholders.

James Anderson, H. Håkansson, J. Johanson

S. Vandermerwe, J. Rada

Andrea Caputo, S. Pizzi, M. Pellegrini et al.

Abstract Scientific research on digitalization and its impact on business models has been growing exponentially in recent years. This has been particularly evident from 2010 onwards, following a landmark special issue published in Long Range Planning. This article offers an overview of the development of academic literature published between 2010 and 2019 with regards to the relationship between digitalization and business models in 198 peer-reviewed articles. By applying a novel methodological approach to compare results from different bibliometric analyses, such as the analysis of citations, co-citations, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrences of keywords, we have identified the most influential journals, authors, and articles, as well as three thematic clusters (technological innovation, strategic management, and digital transformation). For each cluster, the most relevant contributions are presented. Promising research areas and future research directions are identified to address the existing gaps in knowledge.