Погребальный обряд является одним из важнейших маркеров, позволяющих наиболее точно и достоверно охарактеризовать особенности мировоззрения представителей древних сообществ. В статье предпринята попытка выявить специфику погребального обряда прибрежных культур южноамериканского континента – пайхан (12800–9600 л.н.) и лас-вегас (10800–6600 л.н.), а также очертить возможные перспективы его изучения. Автор дает характеристику современного подхода к изучению погребений: для работы с костными останками активно привлекаются специалисты в области антропологии, генетики, проводятся исследования для определения характера повреждения костей, идентификации по гендерному признаку, диагностики патологий и т.д.
Nikoleta V. Nikolaidou, Anastasios Asvestas, Agathi Anthoula Kaminari
et al.
Religious panel paintings (icons) play a pivotal role in the rituals of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church. However, their continuous use often results in physical degradation, prompting remedial interventions. Quite commonly, alterations were treated by simply applying new paint layers directly over the decayed original, while in some cases, old icons were overpainted merely as a means to renovate and modernize them. Therefore, numerous overpainted icons are currently housed in churches, museums, and private collections across Greece. This study focuses on the investigation of a post-Byzantine icon of Christ Pantokrator, which displays extensive overpainting while retaining a few visible fragments of the original composition. The objective was to assess the extent and condition of preservation of the original artwork, to identify materials and techniques used both in the initial painting and in subsequent restoration phases, and to distinguish between those phases. To achieve these aims, a fully non-invasive diagnostic methodology was implemented, including visible light photography, ultraviolet radiation imaging (UVR/UVL), hyperspectral imaging (MuSIS HS), infrared reflectography (IRRef), X-ray radiography, and macroscopic X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF). The findings confirm that the original painting remains substantially preserved and is of high artistic quality. Moreover, analysis revealed at least two distinct phases of overpainting, likely dating from the 20th century, while the results suggest that the original artwork probably dates to the first half of the 18th century. The study highlights the need to use complementary techniques in order to non-invasively assess complex artifacts like overpainted icons and offers valuable insights into historical restoration practices providing foundation for future conservation planning.
Luigi Vessella, Antonio Laurìa, Gianluca Belli
et al.
The research presented here represents an 'experiment' in the application of the methodology of the Accessibility Plan to the monumental complex of the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. The goal of the research is to attempt to increase the degree of accessibility of the complex through an innovative medium and long-term strategic planning tool that takes into consideration not only tangible aspects (physical and sensory accessibility) but also intangible aspects, thus enabling people to fully visit and understand the cultural significance of the locations, with a focus on the experiential aspect of the visit. In other words, the ultimate objective of the research presented here is to identify ways to enhance the usability and accessibility conditions of the spaces within the monumental complex of the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore, harmonizing the requirements of heritage preservation with those of accessibility.
On 25 July 2017 Juana Rivas publicly announced that she would not obey court orders by not presenting her children at the meeting point with their Italian father, whom she had left a year earlier and whom she accused of domestic violence, and then disappeared with the two children for four weeks. This article focuses on the arguments used to legitimise Juana Rivas' decision, and more specifically the use of the figure of civil disobedience. It examines the strategies employed based on an analysis of the protagonist's discourse, in the letters she made public, and the campaign of support for her launched by various feminist networks and left-wing activists during August 2017 on social networks (#JuanaEstaEnMiCasa) and in the online press. It shows how, in a context of negotiation of the State Pact against Gender Violence, calls for civil disobedience, relayed not by Juana Rivas, but by activist networks, fit into a traditional and innovative repertoire of action aimed at opening a debate on the judicial treatment of this violence and on the protection of children in cases of gender violence. This contribution thus highlights one of the strategies used by Spanish feminists to help energise mobilisation and advance their demand for feminist justice.
In this paper, a ceramic complex (groups III and IV) of the early Neolithic settlement of Mergen 6 (Lower Ishim River region, Western Siberia, 7th millennium BC) is examined. The aim of the work is to analyze the materials through the prism of contacts, connections and mixing of different cultural traditions in the early Neolithic period of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia. The research is based on the elements of the historical-cultural and formal-classification approaches. The source base comprises 284 vessels. As the result of the analysis carried out in several stages (morphology of the vessels, tools and techniques for applying ornamentation, structural components of the decor, the nature of the systematic organization of the ornamental components, and relationship between the image components and structure of the vessel’s shape), it was found that the products of group III correspond to the tradition of making vessels with relief bands of the taiga zone of Western Siberia and the Urals (Satyginsky, Mulymyinsky types, etc.), whereas those of group IV demonstrate a mixture of all pottery traditions identified within the complex. On this basis, the main directions of the sociocultural ties of the ancient population of the Lower Ishim region in the early Neolithic period have been determined — western (the Middle and Southern Trans-Urals), north-western (the taiga zone of Western Siberia and the southern Northern Trans-Urals), and, probably, southern (the steppes of modern Northern Kazakhstan). One of the most important factors of the variability of the early Neolithic pottery has been identified — the interaction and mixing of different communities. All this allows speaking about the settlement of Mergen 6 as a center (cultural, economic, sacred (?)) at the intersection of landscape and geographical zones (steppe — forest, Trans-Urals — Western Siberia) and ways of dispersal
of various groups of the ancient population.
Sequential recommendations have attracted increasing attention from both academia and industry in recent years. They predict a given user’s next choice of items by mainly modeling the sequential relations over a sequence of the user’s interactions with the items. However, most of the existing sequential recommendation algorithms mainly focus on the sequential dependencies between item IDs within sequences, while ignoring the rich and complex relations embedded in the auxiliary information, such as items’ image information and textual information. Such complex relations can help us better understand users’ preferences towards items, and thus benefit from the recommendations. To bridge this gap, we propose an auxiliary information-enhanced sequential recommendation algorithm called memory fusion network for recommendation (MFN4Rec) to incorporate both items’ image and textual information for sequential recommendations. Accordingly, item IDs, item image information and item textual information are regarded as three modalities. By comprehensively modelling the sequential relations within modalities and interaction relations across modalities, MFN4Rec can learn a more informative representation of users’ preferences for more accurate recommendations. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of MFN4Rec over state-of-the-art sequential recommendation algorithms.
The article is a continuation of a comprehensive study of domestic and foreign electronic guides (EG). As the previous analysis showed, they are the most important form of electronic information resources created by modern libraries. The purpose of this article is to analyze EG presented on the official website of the Library of Congress (LC). The types of EG presented on the website of this Library in terms of multidimensional classification have been identified. The three-part structure of these EG was analyzed, including an introductory article, the main part and auxiliary pointers and/or a search string. It has been established that both Russian and American EG are created on such fields of knowledge as social sciences and humanities, history, literature and, to a lesser extent, on health, agriculture and technical sciences. The advantages and disadvantages of Russian and American EG are identified, the most important are the following: the lack of unity in the interpretation of the concepts “electronic guide” and “guide” is characteristic of both Russian-language and English-language terminology; American EG from the point of view of the information medium of of reflected objects have mainly a mixed nature, they include information about both printed and electronic information resources; The advantage of EG presented on the LC website is the active use of internal hyperlinks to the library’s own resources.
Archaeoastronomy and cultural astronomy are often considered synonyms, but they actually express different concepts, the former being a sub-discipline of the latter. Cultural astronomy is a fascinating but controversial discipline, which serves as an auxiliary subject to social sciences such as history, archaeology, anthropology, and ethnography, among others. The tools and methodology of astronomy play a relevant role in the discipline, but it should be inserted within social sciences epistemology.
„Homage to policing!” – we say every time we celebrate an anniversary in the life of law enforcement. Regardless we celebrate loudly or silently; we must remember how lawenforcement and all other agencies that perform such functions have earned civilians’, the public’s, and our whole society’s respect. We have gone great lengths for our organization to earn respect; and it is great to see how much – even tangible – results it has in our everyday lives.In this article we discuss this phenomenon from a specific point of view: through history and its auxiliary sciences.
The ancient writing tradition has left a relatively small number of works on the history of the South and West of Ukraine. Accordingly, the findings of inscriptions are very important for the reconstruction of the historical process of the region. The article is devoted to the first publication of a fragmentary marmour plates with an inscriptions from Tyras and Olbia Pontica. The inscriptions are kept in a private collection in Ukraine. Scientific methods of auxiliary historical disciplines, mainly paleography, were used for the research. The letters preserved in the Tyras inscription does not contain any distinct palaeographic features, and thus, palaeographically, this script is widely dated from the late 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD. The second and third lines of the fragment of the inscription contain, probably, the formula: «... The Council and people of Tyras under archon so-and-so, son of so-and-so...». Accordingly, the fragmentary inscription from Tyras, probebly, is a fragment of the honorary decree of this ancient city. Unfortunately, the renewal of the second line, in which a fragment of a historical person’s name is seen, has many other variants of renewal. For the interpretation and reconstruction of the other inscription the area of its finding, which in the first centuries AD was the sacral zone of Achilles, is of decisive importance; such a zone existed in the chora of Olbia. For paleographic signs the inscription from the chora of Olbia is dated to the first half of the 1st century AD. This is a fragment of the lower part of the dedication to Achilles Pontarch by the Collegium of Archonts of Olbia. The dedicatory formula contains a very rare term ἡ πολυκαρπία – abundance of fruit. The presence of a profiled frame on the reverse side of the dedication to Achilles confirms its reuse. Accordingly, our dedication to Achilles Pontarch is probably one of the earliest.
The Unknown 1641 List of Books of the Lithuanian Metrica Abstract. A unique inventory of Lithuanian Metrica books compiled in September– October, 1641, which had thus far escaped the attention of Lithuanian Metrica researchers, was discovered in the Vilnius Chapter’s collections (F 43) at the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. It was compiled by the notary public Fr Laurynas Mocarskis (Wawrzyniec Mocarski). Due to objective shortcomings, Mocarski’s list cannot be considered a proper inventory of the Lithuanian Metrica books, but, lacking other material, it is nonetheless an important and useful auxiliary source helping us to understand the development of the entire complex of books of the Lithuanian Metrica and subtleties in the history of individual books. Keywords: Lithuanian Metrica, Vilnius Diocese, Laurynas Mocarskis, Vilnius Cathedral Chapter archive, Mamert Herburt.
This article proposes a reflection based on a French case study, concerning more precisely the region of La Rochelle, on the border dynamics inherent to the phenomenon of balnearization. As a process involving several spatial and corporeal scales, balnearization creates, suppresses and recreates new spaces. In this perspective, the border plays the privileged role of a place of permanent redefinition of contemporary urban identities. The study of such a phenomenon approaches four main scales of analysis: the balnearisation device as a frontier within an urbanized space (urban scale); the balnearisation as an urbanized frontier within a space considered to be natural or virgin (regional scale); balnearisation practices as producers of cultural frontiers, inducing new uses and behaviours; and finally, the body as frontier.
Countries in Southeast Asia have a unique and diverse culture due to its varied ethnic groups having different traditions and beliefs. The process of manufacturing building materials such as brick masonry is one aspect where this distinctiveness is manifested. This study provides a general analytical chemistry method that will estimate the original firing temperature of a historical brick material from a convent in Milaor, Camarines Sur, Philippines. Different instrumental techniques were utilized namely the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). From these techniques, the chemical and mineralogical composition of the brick was reported. The clay mixture used in the production of the brick is known to be non-calcareous and low refractory, that was fired in an oxidizing atmosphere. The brick’s microstructure is classified within the initial vitrification stage based on the features of the mineral transformations. The results of this study point to an estimated firing temperature range of 650°C to 850°C. An emphasis on the importance of chemical analysis in studying cultural heritage materials in the Southeast Asian region is also highlighted on this paper.
Ang mga bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya ay may natatangi at magkakaibang kultura sanhi ng iba’t ibang mga pangkat etniko na may magkakaibang tradisyon at paniniwala. Ang pamamaraan ng paggawa sa mga materyales ng lumang gusali tulad ng ladrilyo ay isang aspeto kung saan naipapamalas ang pagkakaiba-iba nito. Ang pagaaral na ito ay nagbibigay ng isang pangkalahatang pamamaraan ng mapanuring-kimika para tantyahin ang orihinal na temperatura ng paggawa sa lumang ladrilyo mula sa isang kumbento ng Milaor, Camarines Sur, Pilipinas. Iba’t ibang mga instrumento ang ginamit tulad ng Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy at ang Scanning Electron Microscopy na nakakabit sa Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Mula sa mga intrumentong ito, ang kemikal at mineral na komposisyon ng ladrilyo ay iniulat. Ang mga pinaghalong luad na ginamit sa paggawa ng ladrilyo ay masaasabing hindi gaanong madami ang bilang ng kalsiyo at mababang refractory, na sinunog sa isang kapaligiran na sagana sa hangin. Ang mga pinaka-maliliit na istruktura ng ladrilyo ay masasabing nasa paunang yugto ng pagtunaw ng mga mineral sa luad, batay sa mga pagbabagong anyo ng mga ito. Sa mga resulta ng pagaaral, masasabi na ang tantyang temperatura ng pagsunog ay nasa 650°C hanggang 850°C. Binibigyan ng diin ang kahalagahan ng pagsusuri ng kimika sa pagaaral ng mga materyales na pamanang kultura sa rehiyon ng Timog-Silangang Asya ay naitala din sa pagaaral na ito.
Taking inspiration from a recent book by Marcello Verga, the present paper reaffirms the scientific status of genealogy and focuses on the importance of this autonomous subject, fundamental in carrying out correct research in many fields. The paper also underlines the crucial role played by all historical documentary sciences (once equivocally called ‘Auxiliary sciences of History’) and the reasons why their enhancement and development remains essential, especially in the academic world.
In this paper, I attempt to answer the question – how the ideas of German-speaking historians influenced Brygida Kurbis’s concepts of the theory of history and historical methodology. I focus on the categories elaborated by her, that are fundamental to the researcher in the field of historical method, such as source studies (fontology) as well as auxiliary sciences of history.
When are we ‘historians’? When are we doing history? Do we need to be the first, in order to do the second? Under the chairmanship of an historian, around fifteen representatives of the Humanities and Social Sciences practiced at the University Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne freely discussed their scientific usages, how they define themselves institutionally, and the place of history and the relationship with the past in their respective fields, as well as their curricula and their careers. In jointly developing these issues, they aimed at moving the lines—at escaping the various configurations of the present ‘conflict of the faculties’ and of disciplinary hierar- chies (history vs. auxiliary sciences). Far from any essentialist epistemology, the intent of this conversation was to reflect on the methods, but also on the conditions, possibilities, and limits of the current dialogue between disciplines.
The article provides information on the report of F. V. Kiparisov, kept in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "The Subject and Method of Archeology" and discussions on the report at the meeting of the Institute of History of the Communist Academy, dated November 29, 1931. The aim of the work was to introduce an unpublished archival source into scientific circulation on the history of archeology. As a result of studying the document, some conclusions can be drawn: the main advantage of the scientific work of F. V. Kiparisov, in our opinion, is an attempt to determine the place of archeology in historical science as an auxiliary scientific discipline. The scientist assigned a special place to material sources in the study of thehistorical development of society. At the same time, the report did not touch upon the questions of the methods of archeology, stated in the title of the speech. As for the relationship of archeology with the history of material culture, the differences between them were not convincing enough by the speaker. During the discussion on the report, scientists of the Institute of History criticized the position of the speaker both on issues of archeology and on the history of material cultures. The information provided will expand the source base on the history of archeology and can be used for research and educational purposes.