Hasil untuk "Ancient history"

J. Grotzinger, Sanjeev Gupta, M. Malin et al.

Choongwon Jeong, Ke Wang, S. Wilkin et al.

The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the region’s population history. Here we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Bronze Age, Mongolian populations were biogeographically structured into three distinct groups, all practicing dairy pastoralism regardless of ancestry. The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher Eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Our results illuminate the complex interplay between genetic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes on the Eastern Steppe.

Theodora Bourni, Giada Franz

We establish rigidity results for ancient solutions to the free boundary mean curvature flow in manifolds with convex boundary. In particular, we show that any free boundary minimal hypersurface of Morse index I admits an I-parameter family of ancient solutions that emanate from it. Moreover, among ancient solutions that backward converge exponentially fast to the minimal hypersurface, these exhaust all possibilities. Additionally, we construct a smooth free boundary mean convex foliation around an unstable free boundary minimal hypersurface that enables us to provide a more detailed geometric description of mean-convex ancient solutions that backward converge to that minimal surface.

K. Bradley, Paul Cartledge, D. Eltis et al.

Medieval slavery has received little attention relative to slavery in ancient Greece and Rome and in the early modern Atlantic world. This imbalance in the scholarship has led many to assume that slavery was of minor importance in the Middle Ages. In fact, the practice of slavery continued unabated across the globe throughout the medieval millennium. This volume – the final volume in The Cambridge World History of Slavery – covers the period between the fall of Rome and the rise of the transatlantic plantation complexes by assembling twenty-three original essays, written by scholars acknowledged as leaders in their respective fields. The volume demonstrates the continual and central presence of slavery in societies worldwide between 500 CE and 1420 CE. The essays analyze key concepts in the history of slavery, including gender, trade, empire, state formation and diplomacy, labor, childhood, social status and mobility, cultural attitudes, spectrums of dependency and coercion, and life histories of enslaved people.

Xiaowei Mao, Hucai Zhang, Shi-Lei Qiao et al.

Northern East Asia was inhabited by modern humans as early as 40 thousand years ago (ka), as demonstrated by the Tianyuan individual. Using genome-wide data obtained from 25 individuals dated to 33.6-3.4 ka from the Amur region, we show that Tianyuan-related ancestry was widespread in northern East Asia before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At the close of the LGM stadial, the earliest northern East Asian appeared in the Amur region, and this population is basal to ancient northern East Asians. Human populations in the Amur region have maintained genetic continuity from 14 ka, and these early inhabitants represent the closest East Asian source known for Ancient Paleo-Siberians. We also observed that EDAR V370A was likely to have been elevated to high frequency after the LGM, suggesting the possible timing for its selection. This study provides a deep look into the population dynamics of northern East Asia.

Fatma Ganiyeva

The origins of hospitality are as ancient as human history. Hospitality, which has different meanings in the language of different peoples, means “home for travelers” in almost all languages. Hospitality is the cultural activity of the people, as well as a spiritual treasure that preserves traditions from different eras. The introduction of the custom of hospitality in each country, which has its own peculiarities, is an important indicator of attention to people. Hospitality, directly reflecting both the way of life of the people and their material and spiritual culture, has become an important factor accelerating the development of tourism in the modern world. This tradition serves not only the friendship of individuals, but also the friendly and coexistence of nations and peoples within the framework of this tradition. The conceptual basis of humanistic values is a reflection of these qualities in the execution of different traditions. The study of the norms and rules regarding food in the practice of traditional hospitality of the peoples of the world can be noted as a necessary factor for researchers working in both ethnology and ethnography. Although the tradition of hospitality in Azerbaijan is universal, it varies from region to region. This is due to the historical development of the nation, ethnic diversity and coexistence of different peoples in the country. The emergence of diversity in traditions has ensured the innovative development of the most productive custom of hospitality in society.

Xiaolei Diao, Rite Bo, Yanling Xiao et al.

Ancient scripts, e.g., Egyptian hieroglyphs, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and Ancient Greek inscriptions, serve as vital carriers of human civilization, embedding invaluable historical and cultural information. Automating ancient script image recognition has gained importance, enabling large-scale interpretation and advancing research in archaeology and digital humanities. With the rise of deep learning, this field has progressed rapidly, with numerous script-specific datasets and models proposed. While these scripts vary widely, spanning phonographic systems with limited glyphs to logographic systems with thousands of complex symbols, they share common challenges and methodological overlaps. Moreover, ancient scripts face unique challenges, including imbalanced data distribution and image degradation, which have driven the development of various dedicated methods. This survey provides a comprehensive review of ancient script image recognition methods. We begin by categorizing existing studies based on script types and analyzing respective recognition methods, highlighting both their differences and shared strategies. We then focus on challenges unique to ancient scripts, systematically examining their impact and reviewing recent solutions, including few-shot learning and noise-robust techniques. Finally, we summarize current limitations and outline promising future directions. Our goal is to offer a structured, forward-looking perspective to support ongoing advancements in the recognition, interpretation, and decipherment of ancient scripts.

Alexander D. McWeeney

We show that the space of polynomially bounded ancient solutions to the biharmonic heat equation on a complete manifold with polynomial volume growth is bounded by the dimensions of spaces of polynomially bounded biharmonic functions. This generalizes the work of Colding and Minicozzi in [6] for ancient caloric functions.

Anđela Gavrilović

The article deals with the selected examples of the scene of Abraham’s hospitality in Eastern Christian and Serbian Medieval art. The paper analyzes the meaning of the scene and looks at the examples in the old refectory of the Monastery of St. Catherine on Sinai (fig. 1), in the chapel of King Dragutin Nemanjić in Đurđevi Stupovi near Ras (fig. 2), in the Church of the Mother of God in Dragaljevci near Sofia (fig. 3) and in the Church of St. Dimitrius in Boboševo (fig. 4) near Ćustendil. As it illustrates one of the key moments of the Holy history, the scene of Abraham’s hospitality has been frequently depicted in art since the earliest times. Due to its significance, its has been attracting the attention of scholars since ancient times and has been widely studied in international and Serbian historiography in terms of iconography and meaning. Therefore, the article discusses selected examples of the scene of Abraham’s hospitality in Eastern Christian and Serbian Medieval art which are characterized by certain iconographic and conceptual peculiarities. Abraham’s hospitality is an important, ancient, very often depicted and multifaceted theme, and the teaching about it represents the fundamental dogma of Orthodoxy – in this scene the image of the Holy Trinity is symbolically recognized. The article examines the position of this scene in the painted programme of the mentioned monuments and the dependence of the symbolism of this scene on the position it occupies in the painted programme of the church. Depending on the context in which this event is depicted in art, it carries a different meaning, i.e. different nuances of meaning. Selected examples of the scene of Abraham’s hospitality are placed in a specific conceptual context through examining their appropriate programmatic and conceptual analogies and by taking into account the place of their depiction in the given monuments. In this sense, the article places special emphasis on the fresco of Abraham’s Hospitality in the Chapel of King Dragutin Nemanjić in the Đurđevi Stupovi Monastery.

Seyed Mehdi Taheri

The Indian subcontinent is considered one of the five ancient civilizations in the world and the inheritor of a magnificent and diverse culture. India, as the largest country in this subcontinent, is considered the seventh largest country in the world. Due to its strategic importance, this region has always been favored by people from other parts of the world. Regarding the relationship of other nations, races and religions with the people of the Indian subcontinent, they were able to influence the life and culture of the region. One of the distinctive features of this region is the existence of different religions and religious sects, among which Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam are the most important religions of the region. The mentioned religions have many sects in the region, and one of the important Islamic sects is Sufism, which has established a positive interaction with other religions by becoming indigenous in the subcontinent and peacefully coexisting. In this article, after discussing the potentials and capacities of the subcontinent region, the author tries to investigate issues such as the importance of peaceful coexistence in Islam, interring in Islam and Sufism to the subcontinent, different sects of Sufism and its peaceful coexistence with other religions. In this regard, the author believes that Sufism was able to influence Hindu seekers through familiarity with philosophical works, the type of worldview and interaction with mystics and also through the peaceful coexistence emphasized by Islam. By taking advantage of good morals, decent behavior and the call to philanthropy derived from Islam, not only did they gain great influence among the common people, but beyond that, throughout history, they were able to attract the devotion of kings and gain a lot of power in the courts of some rulers of India.

Qi S. Zhang

Using a size condition of the sharp log Sobolev functional (log entropy) near infinity only, we prove a rigidity result for ancient Ricci flows without sign condition on the curvatures. The result is also related to the problem of identifying type II ancient Ricci flows and their backward limits.

E. Holub

Belonogova Julia Igorevna

The collection of works by Yuri Shevchenko, Doctor of Medical Sciences and Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, includes speeches and articles from different years, which were delivered on memorable dates or published in medical journals inaccessible to a wide range of readers. The materials describe the history of medicine from the time of Ancient Egypt to the present day, the development of anatomy and surgery, including the history of the formation and advancement of methods for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A number of publications are devoted to the famous Pirogov Center in Moscow, the history of its creation and the current state. The book presents a number of short biographies of famous Russian and foreign doctors who made a significant contribution to the development of cardiovascular surgery during the period of the 19th and 20th centuries. It is worth mentioning a number of articles about the life, worldview, pedagogical, administrative and medical activities of Nikolay Pirogov, Sergey Botkin, there are also articles on the history of Russian military medicine of the 19th century included in the collection.

Arturo Sánchez Sanz

T. C. Lamnidis, K. Majander, Choongwon Jeong et al.

European population history has been shaped by migrations of people, and their subsequent admixture. Recently, ancient DNA has brought new insights into European migration events linked to the advent of agriculture, and possibly to the spread of Indo-European languages. However, little is known about the ancient population history of north-eastern Europe, in particular about populations speaking Uralic languages, such as Finns and Saami. Here we analyse ancient genomic data from 11 individuals from Finland and north-western Russia. We show that the genetic makeup of northern Europe was shaped by migrations from Siberia that began at least 3500 years ago. This Siberian ancestry was subsequently admixed into many modern populations in the region, particularly into populations speaking Uralic languages today. Additionally, we show that ancestors of modern Saami inhabited a larger territory during the Iron Age, which adds to the historical and linguistic information about the population history of Finland. Populations from North-eastern Europe, in particular those speaking Uralic languages, carry additional ancestry in similarity with modern East Asian populations. Here, the authors analyse ancient genomic data from 11 individuals from Finland and Northwest Russia, and identify genomic signals of migrations from Siberia that began at least 3500 years ago.

Nataliia Vitalievna Ginkut

The appearance of the local centres of glazed ware production in the Palaiologean Period allowed the development of local schools of parade table ware. In the Crimean Peninsula, the local production centres were active in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In the Genoese castle of Cembalo, there were glazed ware workshops from the second half of the fourteenth to the third quarter of the fifteenth century. Along with the manufacture of various forms of original pottery, the artisans of these workshops copied the ornamental compositions which were popular in the Mediterranean area. This article addresses the vessels attributed to the so-called “imitations” or “counterfeits”, which reproduced the samples of the Byzantine glazed pottery of the group of Elaborate Incised Ware, so widespread in the region. Among these vessels, there possibly were the pieces produced in the same workshop or by the same artisan: small handleless cups with small flaring ring-base, bowls, and tureens or dishes with the so-called “aslant” ring-base typical of the Byzantine pottery from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The finds in question testify to the popularity of the Byzantine Elaborate Incised Ware in the Northern Black Sea Area, and the Genoese castle of Cembalo in particular, in the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries.

V. Nolan, Tom Reader, F. Gilbert et al.

Ancient, veteran and notable trees are ecologically important keystone organisms and have tangible connections to folklore, history and sociocultural practices. Although found worldwide, few countries have such a rich history of recording and treasuring these trees as the UK, with its extensive Royal and aristocratic land ownership, unique land management methods and long-standing interest in natural history and species record collecting. As a result, the UK has collated an extensive database of ancient, veteran and notable trees called the Ancient Tree Inventory (ATI). The ATI is the result of a successful, long-term citizen science recording project and is the most comprehensive database of ancient and other noteworthy trees to date. We present here the first review of the ATI in its entirety since its initiation in 2004, including summaries of the UK ancient, veteran and notable tree distributions, the status and condition of the trees, and key information about the recording process and maintenance of the database. Statistical analysis of components of the dataset, comprising 169,967 tree records, suggest there are significant differences in the threats, size, form and location of different types of trees, especially in relation to taxonomic identity and tree age. Our goal is to highlight the value of the ATI in the UK, to encourage the development of similar ancient tree recording projects in other countries, and to emphasise the importance to conservation of continued efforts to maintain and expand databases of this kind.

Liang Cheng, Yongjia Zhang

In this article, we study complete Type I ancient Ricci flows with positive sectional curvature. Our main results are as follows: in the complete and noncompact case, all such ancient solutions must be noncollapsed on all scales; in the closed case, if the dimension is even, then all such ancient solutions must be noncollapsed on all scales. This furthermore gives a complete classification for three-dimensional noncompact Type I ancient solutions without assuming the noncollapsing condition.

Steven Hunt

This article describes the ways in which four non-specialist Latin teachers are introducing Latin to their schools1. The interviews reported here took place in four secondary schools in London and the South-East in 2019. The interviews were informal and were held with the teachers while I was consultant on behalf of the charity Classics for All while training non-specialists to introduce Latin into their schools, where no classical subjects had been offered previously. Teachers use Latin to meet Ofsted targets for the uptake of the English Baccalaureate (henceforth EBacc2) and to provide a broad and ambitious curriculum for all students. Resources and subject knowledge provide intellectual challenge and also stimulation. In conclusion I recommend greater support from the Department for Education (DfE) working with subject organisations to develop a coherent strategy for introducing classical subjects in state-maintained schools in order to support DfE and Ofsted objectives.

Simon Brendle, Keaton Naff

We extend the second part of \cite{Bre20} on the uniqueness of ancient $κ$-solutions to higher dimensions. In dimensions $n \geq 4$, an ancient $κ$-solution is a nonflat, complete, ancient solution of the Ricci flow that is uniformly PIC and weakly PIC2; has bounded curvature; and is $κ$-noncollapsed. We show that the only noncompact ancient $κ$-solutions up to isometry are a family of shrinking cylinders, a quotient thereof, or the Bryant soliton.