Hasil untuk "1789-"

Xiaojie Hou, Hongmei Yin, Xiaodie Qin et al.

ABSTRACT Pengqi sauce is a traditional Chinese naturally fermented aquatic product, and its unique flavor formation mechanism is closely related to microbial function. In this study, we combined metabolomics and microbiomics techniques to analyze the flavor evolution and the rules and mechanisms of bacterial flora action during the natural fermentation process of Wedelia sauce. On the basis of electronic nose, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) techniques, nine core flavor components, including 2‐methylpyrazine, 1‐heptanol, tetrahydrothiophene, and isoamyl isobutyrate, which confer baking, fruity, and creamy aromas, were identified as key volatile components during the fermentation process. Meanwhile, the 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used for the first time to clarify the flavor profile of the Pengqi sauce fermentation system. The actual abundance changes of microorganisms in the Pengqi sauce fermentation system: Paracoccus, Nocardioides, and Marinilactibacillus, the absolute abundance of which reached 12,129, 9411, and 9113 copies/g, respectively, on Day 56, and still maintained a high level on Day 84. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) and Spearman correlation analyses indicated that the above genera showed very strong positive correlations (ρ > 0.9, p < 0.05) with key flavor substances such as 1‐hexanol and 2‐methylpyrazine, and their functional predictions indicated that they drove flavor formation through protein degradation, lipid oxidation, and glucose metabolism pathways. This study demonstrated that the absolute microbial quantification strategy can reveal the contribution of bacterial flora to fermentation flavor more accurately and provide a theoretical basis for process optimization and standardized production of traditional fermented foods.

Isabella Simões HOLZ, Felipe A. R. CARVALHO, Rhita C. C. ALMEIDA

ABSTRACT Introduction: The superimposition of 3 dimensions (3D) digital models has been increasingly used for evaluating dental changes resulting from orthodontic treatment, and different superimposition techniques have been described. Although the maxilla has areas with greater stability for superimposition, such as the palatal rugae, there is still no reliable method for superimposing models of the lower arch. Objective: Therefore, this article aims to describe a technique for superimposing virtual models. Methods: To evaluate pre- and post-orthodontic treatment changes, the Geomagic Qualify 2013 software (3D Systems®, Rock Hill, South Carolina, USA) was used, with reference points in the maxilla, including the rugae and a reference area in the palate and midpalatal raphe. The lower arch was superimposed using the maximum habitual intercuspation (MHI) model as reference. Results and Conclusion: 3D models superimposition using palatal rugae and MHI occlusion seems to offer satisfactory results in the interpretation of clinical changes at different follow-up moments in terms of development and/or orthodontic treatment.

Marek Mosakowski

This article discusses the ways in which performances were disciplined in revolutionary France between 1789 and 1794. It presents the socio-political contexts of two legal acts regulating the production and staging of plays: the relatively liberal Le Chapelier Law of 13 January 1791 and the repressive Decree of the National Convention of 2 August 1793, which turned French theater and opera into a propaganda platform of the Jacobin regime, imposing ideology and topics on the artists. The artistic practice of the time is illustrated by two operas: Étienne Nicolas Méhul’s Hadrian, Emperor of Rome and François-Joseph Gossec’s The Triumph of the Republic. The former was suspended one day before the premiere, scheduled for 13 March 1792, as the Paris Commune deemed it overtly monarchical and politically incorrect in a France where the foundations of the Bourbon monarchy were already shaking, and the extremely polarised public sentiment was about to pave the way towards a republic. The latter was composed shortly after the fall of the monarchy and staged in early 1793. The Triumph of the Republic set new aesthetic standards for French republican and patriotic opera. Gossec’s work is discussed as an example of the principles of the new cultural politics of the Jacobin dictatorship, based on unprecedented repression and censorship.

Junsheng Chen, Arthur Bassot, Fabrizio Giuliani et al.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no cure. Progress in the characterization of other neurodegenerative mechanisms has shifted the spotlight onto an intracellular structure called mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts (MERCs) whose ER portion can be biochemically isolated as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Within the central nervous system (CNS), these structures control the metabolic output of mitochondria and keep sources of oxidative stress in check via autophagy. The most relevant MERC controllers in the ALS pathogenesis are vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB), a mitochondria-ER tether, and the ubiquitin-specific chaperone valosin containing protein (VCP). These two systems cooperate to maintain mitochondrial energy output and prevent oxidative stress. In ALS, mutant VAPB and VCP take a central position in the pathology through MERC dysfunction that ultimately alters or compromises mitochondrial bioenergetics. Intriguingly, both proteins are targets themselves of other ALS mutant proteins, including C9orf72, FUS, or TDP-43. Thus, a new picture emerges, where different triggers cause MERC dysfunction in ALS, subsequently leading to well-known pathological changes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and motor neuron death.

Rebecca Owusu, Florence Sefakor Dekagbey

This study uses choice experiment to investigate men and women consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for edible mushrooms in Ghana. We used a mixed logit model to examine preference heterogeneity. The econometric modelling revealed that men consumers have a negative utility for oyster mushrooms compared to straw mushrooms. They also have preference for cheap and locally cultivated mushrooms compared to expensive and imported mushrooms. However, women consumers have preferences for the shiitake mushroom variety compared to the straw mushroom variety. They also prefer cheap mushrooms irrespective of their location and such mushrooms must be frozen and not fresh. The findings highlight variation between men and women in preferences for mushroom variety, however, both have preferences for low prices, suggesting that both genders are economically rational and obey the law of demand. JEL codes: B21, D12

Clare Marie Mifsud, Denis Magro, Adriana Vella

A sesiid species, Tinthia tineiformis (Esper, 1789), is reported for the first time from the Maltese Islands, central Mediterranean. This new record represents the first species belonging to the subfamily Tinthiinae in Malta. The specimen was identified through morphological and genetic analyses. Observations of the live specimen revealed the use of jumping strategies by this species.

Vitali Terletsky

This paper deals with the so-called “external history” of the origin of Critique of the power of judgment that is based primarily on the philosopher’s correspondence in the period between May 1787 and October 1789. Two letters from Kant to Reinhold (28.12.1787 and 12.05.1789) as well as modifications in the interpretation of the term “aesthetics” in the first Critique (KrVA 22, B 35-36) are crucial for the evolution of the project Critique of Taste in the book Critique of the Power of Judgment. Special attention was paid to the debate between some modern scholars and editors about the importance of the reports on ‘Grundlegung’ / ‘Grundlage’ of Critique of Taste in the initial phase of work on the text. However, the available evidence does not allow us to reconstruct the “internal history” of the development of Kant’s thought during the period of writing the third Critique. Some modern scholars try to establish other objective criteria for this kind of reconstruction by identification in the text of Critique direct or hidden hints or citations to the literature of the 18th century. The author considers that the use of so-called “reflections” from the philosopher’s manuscript heritage, which can be seen as the formation and development of certain concepts of Kant’s theory, can be fruitful. The well-known problem of dating the reflections can be partially solved if terminus a quo will be not the published works, but Kant’s lectures on anthropology and logic taught at that time.

Mercedes López Cantera, Sabrina Asquini

Presentación del dossier

Comité Editor

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R. Bushman, J. Mccusker, R. Menard

Raanan Rein

Aquest article estudia les actituds canviants de les autoritats israelianes envers els veterans jueus de les Brigades Internacionals, la majoria d’ells comunistes. Després d’una breu anàlisi de la participació jueva en general —i de la dels jueus palestins en particular— en la Guerra Civil espanyola, centrem l’atenció en les reaccions inicials envers els voluntaris un cop van tornar i, a continuació, en dos esdeveniments cabdals en el decurs de la incorporació, tardana i gradual, d’aquests combatents en la narrativa nacional israeliana: el Congrés Internacional dels Combatents Jueus a les Brigades Internacionals, celebrat el 1972 a Tel Aviv i patrocinat per l’Histadrut, i el discurs pronunciat el 1986 pel president israelià, Haim Herzog, amb motiu del cinquantè aniversari de l’esclat de la Guerra Civil espanyola. Un cop els documents dels brigadistes es van dipositar als arxius de l’exèrcit israelià als anys noranta, el procés va quedar conclòs. A partir d’aleshores, se’ls va poder presentar fàcilment com a herois jueus, com a patriotes que havien lluitat per protegir el seu poble i la seva terra, Israel.

José Luis Oyón

Una ciutat desigual

E. Burnett, R. R. Hill

Óscar Gual Boronat

A través del estudio de la obra Tintin au Congo del dibujante belga Hergé, tratamos de probar la capacidad del cómic para ser utilizado como fuente histórica. La actual definición de fuente puede englobarlo perfectamente pero es necesaria una demostración práctica. Tras contextualizar dicha historieta pasamos a realizar una lectura atenta de la misma, así como de sus aspectos más polémicos, para a continuación describir el proceso de trabajo del propio Hergé y las influencias de su entorno. Por último, entraremos a debatir cuál es el origen de la historieta como medio y cuál es el método de análisis a la hora de interrogarla históricamente. Through the study of the Belgian cartoonist Hergé's work Tintin au Congo we try to test the ability of comics to be used as a historical source. The current source definition can cover it very well but requires a practical demonstration. After we contextualize this story we make a careful reading of it and of its most controversial features, then we describe the process of Hergé's own work and the influences of their environment. Finally we enter into a discussion about which is the origin of comics as a medium and which is the method of analysis when questioning historically.

K. Offen

Marc Flandreau, Christophe Galimard, C. Jobst et al.

M. Evans, M. Dommergues, R. Wapner et al.

D. Gordon

G. Kelly

D. Pick, Catherine Brice, Catharine Edwards