Georges Homsi Mora, Paulo Augusto de Souza Nogueira
A literatura apócrifa representa um riquíssimo depósito de tradições populares que, ao longo dos séculos, cristalizaram-se na narrativa histórica e na memória coletiva. Esses escritos não devem ser menosprezados como secundários, ou heréticos, ao contrário, são indispensáveis para uma compreensão abrangente da diversidade teológica e práticas das primeiras comunidades cristãs. Nos textos canônicos, João é apresentado como o discípulo amado, "filho do trovão", e predileto de Jesus. No segundo século, emerge como um eloquente orador, exibicionista carismático, conquistador de Éfeso e conhecedor dos segredos divinos, imagem que lhe conferiu ares de imortalidade. Desse modo, a religião revela-se como um potente sistema linguístico, capaz de transformar realidades, subverter lógicas hierárquicas e de poder, e incessantemente criar e recriar mundos. Por fim, o apóstolo João ascende à condição de ícone tanto da Igreja quanto do povo, sintetizando atributos acumulados ao longo dos séculos, tornando-se João, o Santo.
Lanny Sianipar, Meliana Rodearni Tampubolon, Aurelia Friscilla Polak
et al.
School and learning are inseparable. Meaningful learning looks at several aspects in its implementation, such as the school environment, classroom management, student character to the model or lesson method used. Teachers in this case play a role as agents of reconciliation who can introduce God to their students in the classroom, this can also start from the teacher choosing a learning model. One of the learning models that can be chosen is cooperative learning which uses a model of cooperation in learning. There are various kinds of cooperative learning models, but in this study, there are three discussed. Thus, the purpose of this research is to find out the cooperative learning type STAD, Guided Inquiry and Problem based Learning in Christian perspective. With the literature review method, the results of this study are that the use of the STAD learning model has a positive impact on students, and by the philosophy of Christian education emphasizes the importance of human relations with others as the image and likeness of God. The application of the guided inquiry learning model requires the active involvement of a teacher to guide students both cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual in learning. Project-based learning in its implementation is expected to be able to direct students to holistic growth in accordance with the role of Christian teachers in the discipleship process.
Christianity, Practical religion. The Christian life
A. F. Pisemsky’s drama А bitter fate was used as the material for research. This play, as well as all his literary activity, his “Sketches of peasant life” have signifi cantly enriched the Russian literaturе, revealed new aspects in depicting the Russian peasant. The aim of the article is to study onyms in this play. The аnаlysis of the play from the chosen perspective аllows to get а deeper insight into the sources аnd аrtistic functions of “Lives of Saints” in A. F. Pisemsky’s poetics. All creative onyms by Pisemsky can be presented as an integral structure. The survey of the onyms allоw tо reveal three aspеcts of subtext in the general pattern of the drama: religious-mоralistic, histоrical, аnd compаrison with the representatvies of the аnimal world. A detailed analysis is conducted of the parallels between the “Lives of Saints” and the fates of Pisemsky’s peasant characters, their surnames and proverbs; of the negative characters and negative fi gures in Russian history; of the negative characters and animals or birds of prey. The author proves that the factor of names’ and surnames’ opposition is one of the most important author’s ideas infl uencing the meaning of the literary text. The opposition of peasants’ Christian names and nobles’ surnames symbolizes the contrast of the Christian and atheistic ideas. Studying the psychological meaning of the onyms within the boundaries of the tones mentioned facilitates a deeper understanding of the tragedy of the play’s main characters against the background of the Russian peasant life. The issue of the historic theories of M. P. Pogodin infl uencing Pisemsky’s ideas of the plays A bitter fate and Miloslavskiys and Naryshkins, is considered separately in the article.
In most African nations, including South Africa, the history of religious education is closely linked to the nation’s experience of colonization and later racial segregation under apartheid. Christian religious education in particular came to be used as a proselytizing tool through the advocacy of early Christian missionaries. In addition to such proselytization, early Christian missionaries became very instrumental in the creation and perpetuation of secular polarized higher education curricula which continue to exhibit complete submission to Euro-centric thought. The purpose of this article was thus to draw a link between historical proselytization and contemporary religious polarization visible in the religious curricula of these institutions. Methodologically, this was demonstrated, first by looking at how the spread of Christianity suppressed, marginalized, and undermined native African religious education. Second, the history of Christian religious education was presented not only as an enrichment of the Christian proselytizing program but also as a missionary tool that consolidated the polarized education that continues to shape the curriculum design of higher education systems in the countries of southern Africa. Drawing largely from secondary sources, both in history and in religious studies, the article argued that in South Africa, religious education has been used to serve the colonial and oppressive apartheid systems. The main conclusion of this article is that many curricula in South Africa’s higher education systems still reflect or are characterized by a polarized type of Euro-centric education, which is a legacy of earlier Christian proselytization initiatives.
This study compares two translations of the Gospel of Mark in the Pasaale language, one by a Muslim and another by trained Christian translators. The research aims to assess translation quality by examining key biblical terms, idioms, cultural nuances, and related factors. It highlights the persistent belief within some Christian Bible translation agencies that only Christians should undertake such work without compromise. Allegedly, some agencies even conceal the faith of non-Christian translators, potentially misleading Christian users of the translation. The study, conducted by a non-speaker of Pasaale with the assistance of a trained translator, seeks to determine whether the translator’s faith impacts the quality of their translation when working on scriptures of a different faith. This research contributes to discussions on the interplay between faith and translation quality, particularly in multicultural contexts like Ghana.
This paper presents a search for a new $Z^\prime$ resonance decaying into a pair of dark quarks which hadronise into dark hadrons before promptly decaying back as Standard Model particles. This analysis is based on proton-proton collision data recorded at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. After selecting events containing large-radius jets with high track multiplicity, the invariant mass distribution of the two highest-transverse-momentum jets is scanned to look for an excess above a data-driven estimate of the Standard Model multijet background. No significant excess of events is observed and the results are thus used to set 95 % confidence-level upper limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio of the $Z^\prime$ to dark quarks as a function of the $Z^\prime$ mass for various dark-quark scenarios.
A search for direct production of low-mass dimuon resonances is performed using $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment during the 2017-2018 operation of the CERN LHC with an integrated luminosity of 96.6 fb$^{-1}$. The search exploits a dedicated high-rate trigger stream that records events with two muons with transverse momenta as low as 3 GeV but does not include the full event information. The search is performed by looking for narrow peaks in the dimuon mass spectrum in the ranges of 1.1-2.6 GeV and 4.2-7.9 GeV. No significant excess of events above the expectation from the standard model background is observed. Model-independent limits on production rates of dimuon resonances within the experimental fiducial acceptance are set. Competitive or world's best limits are set at 90% confidence level for a minimal dark photon model and for a scenario with two Higgs doublets and an extra complex scalar singlet (2HDM+S). Values of the squared kinetic mixing coefficient $\varepsilon^2$ in the dark photon model above 10$^{-6}$ are excluded over most of the mass range of the search. In the 2HDM+S, values of the mixing angle $\sin(θ_\text{H})$ above 0.08 are excluded over most of the mass range of the search with a fixed ratio of the Higgs doublets vacuum expectation $\tanβ$ = 0.5.
A search for supersymmetry targeting the direct production of winos and higgsinos is conducted in final states with either two leptons ($e$ or $μ$) with the same electric charge, or three leptons. The analysis uses 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed. Simplified and complete models with and without $R$-parity conservation are considered. In topologies with intermediate states including either $Wh$ or $WZ$ pairs, wino masses up to 525 GeV and 250 GeV are excluded, respectively, for a bino of vanishing mass. Higgsino masses smaller than 440 GeV are excluded in a natural $R$-parity-violating model with bilinear terms. Upper limits on the production cross section of generic events beyond the Standard Model as low as 40 ab are obtained in signal regions optimised for these models and also for an $R$-parity-violating scenario with baryon-number-violating higgsino decays into top quarks and jets. The analysis significantly improves sensitivity to supersymmetric models and other processes beyond the Standard Model that may contribute to the considered final states.
A search for forward proton scattering in association with light-by-light scattering mediated by an axion-like particle is presented, using the ATLAS Forward Proton spectrometer to detect scattered protons and the central ATLAS detector to detect pairs of outgoing photons. Proton-proton collision data recorded in 2017 at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV were analysed, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 14.6 fb$^{-1}$. A total of 441 candidate signal events were selected. A search was made for a narrow resonance in the diphoton mass distribution, corresponding to an axion-like particle (ALP) with mass in the range 150-1600 GeV. No excess is observed above a smooth background. Upper limits on the production cross section of a narrow resonance are set as a function of the mass, and are interpreted as upper limits on the ALP production coupling constant, assuming 100% decay branching ratio into a photon pair. The inferred upper limit on the coupling constant is in the range 0.04-0.09 TeV$^{-1}$ at 95%confidence level.
A search for heavy long-lived multi-charged particles is performed using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data collected in 2015-2018 at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV from $pp$ collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$ are examined. Particles producing anomalously high ionization, consistent with long-lived spin-1/2 massive particles with electric charges from $|q|=2e$ to $|q|=7e$ are searched for. No statistically significant evidence of such particles is observed, and 95% confidence level cross-section upper limits are calculated and interpreted as the lower mass limits for a Drell-Yan plus photon-fusion production mode. The least stringent limit, 1060 GeV, is obtained for $|q|=2e$ particles, and the most stringent one, 1600 GeV, is for $|q|=6e$ particles.
A search for long-lived particles decaying into hadrons is presented. The analysis uses 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data collected at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC using events that contain multiple energetic jets and a displaced vertex. The search employs dedicated reconstruction techniques that significantly increase the sensitivity to long-lived particles decaying in the ATLAS inner detector. Background estimates for Standard Model processes and instrumental effects are extracted from data. The observed event yields are compatible with those expected from background processes. The results are used to set limits at 95% confidence level on model-independent cross sections for processes beyond the Standard Model, and on scenarios with pair-production of supersymmetric particles with long-lived electroweakinos that decay via a small $R$-parity-violating coupling. The pair-production of electroweakinos with masses below 1.5 TeV is excluded for mean proper lifetimes in the range from 0.03 ns to 1 ns. When produced in the decay of $m(\tilde{g})=2.4$ TeV gluinos, electroweakinos with $m(\tildeχ^0_1)=1.5$ TeV are excluded with lifetimes in the range of 0.02 ns to 4 ns.
This Letter reports the observation of single top quarks produced together with a photon, which directly probes the electroweak coupling of the top quark. The analysis uses 139 fb$^{-1}$ of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Requiring a photon with transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV and within the detector acceptance, the fiducial cross section is measured to be 688 $\pm$ 23 (stat.) $^{+75}_{-71}$ (syst.) fb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of 515 $^{+36}_{-42}$ fb at next-to-leading order in QCD.
In the introduction to his new translation of the Hebrew Bible, Robert Alter is quite explicit about the task he set himself: “The present translation is an experiment in re-presenting the Bible in a language that conveys with some precision the semantic nuances and the lively orchestration of literary effects of the Hebrew and at the same time has stylistic and rhythmic integrity as literary English.” Alter explains this in more detail in the introduction and in his book, The Art of Bible Translation, with explicit criticisms of other English translations. In this paper I will explore Alter's own norms for translation and how he has applied them, paying special attention to parallel syntax, language level, repetition, wordplay, Hebrew and English word order, poetry in prose, rhythm, names of God, textual criticism, chapter division, and textual structure, as well as what Bible translators can learn from Alter’s translation.
This paper responds to Lénart de Regt's discussion (in this issue of TBT) of Robert Alter's translation of the Hebrew Bible. First is a summary of de Regt's discussion of Alter's translation. The second part presents the driving points of Alter's norms for reading the Bible as literature. The third part discusses the application of Alter's norms to translation and ends with a few examples and observations.
Increasing involvement of Nigerian youths in cybercrime and fraud, ritual activities, prostitution, human and drug trafficking, kidnapping, robbery and hired killings reveal the growing materialism of a significant number of Nigerian youths, including uncountable numbers of professed Nigerian Christian youths. There is the need to address materialism amongst Nigerian youths with special reference to Nigerian Christian youths. Paul’s moral instructions to Timothy are still relevant for Nigerian Christian youths to emulate. Therefore, this study employs a redaction critical method of biblical exegesis to interpret and apply 1 Timothy 6:6–14 to the problem of materialism amongst Nigerian Christian youths. This study finds that materialism amongst Nigerian Christian youths is consolidating negative implications to their spiritual lives, families, to the mission mandate of the church and to Nigeria as a nation. This study argues that Paul has shown a model of how a Christian youth ought to be guided with regard to material possessions.
Contribution: This study explored the issue of materialism amongst countless Nigerian Christian youths that is consolidating negative implications to their spiritual lives, families, to the church and to Nigeria as a nation. The study recommends that Paul’s instructions to Timothy about godliness and love of money are still relevant for Nigeria Christian youths to emulate.
A search is performed for delayed and nonpointing photons originating from the displaced decay of a neutral long-lived particle (LLP). The analysis uses the full Run 2 data set of proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV between 2015 and 2018 and recorded by the ATLAS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. The capabilities of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter are exploited to precisely measure the arrival times and trajectories of photons. The results are interpreted in a scenario where the LLPs are pair-produced in exotic decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, and each LLP subsequently decays into a photon and a particle that escapes direct detection, giving rise to missing transverse momentum. No significant excess is observed above the expectation due to Standard Model background processes. The results are used to set upper limits on the branching ratio of the exotic decay of the Higgs boson. A model-independent limit is also set on the production of photons with large values of displacement and time delay.
Using a data sample of $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2017 and 2018 with an integrated luminosity of 103 fb$^{-1}$, the B$^0$ $\to$ $ψ$(2S)K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ and B$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $\to$ $ψ$(2S)K$^0_\mathrm{S}π^+π^-$ decays are observed with significances exceeding 5 standard deviations. The resulting branching fraction ratios, measured for the first time, correspond to $\mathcal{B}$(B$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $\to$ $ψ$(2S)K$^0_\mathrm{S}$) / $\mathcal{B}$(B$^0$ $\to$ $ψ$(2S)K$^0_\mathrm{S}$) = (3.33 $\pm$ 0.69 (stat) $\pm$ 0.11 (syst) $\pm$ 0.34 ($f_\mathrm{s} / f_\mathrm{d}$)) $\times$ 10$^{-2}$ and $\mathcal{B}$(B$^0$ $\to$ $ψ$(2S)K$^0_\mathrm{S}π^+π^-$) / $\mathcal{B}$(B$^0$ $\to$ $ψ$(2S)K$^0_\mathrm{S}$) = 0.480 $\pm$ 0.013 (stat) $\pm$ 0.032 (syst), where the last uncertainty in the first ratio is related to the uncertainty in the ratio of production cross sections of B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ and B$^0$ mesons, $f_\mathrm{s} / f_\mathrm{d}$.
A direct search for Higgs bosons produced via vector-boson fusion and subsequently decaying into invisible particles is reported. The analysis uses 139 $\text{fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$=13 $\text{TeV}$ recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The observed numbers of events are found to be in agreement with the background expectation from Standard Model processes. For a scalar Higgs boson with a mass of 125 $\text{GeV}$ and a Standard Model production cross section, an observed upper limit of $0.145$ is placed on the branching fraction of its decay into invisible particles at 95% confidence level, with an expected limit of $0.103$. These results are interpreted in the context of models where the Higgs boson acts as a portal to dark matter, and limits are set on the scattering cross section of weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons. Invisible decays of additional scalar bosons with masses from 50 $\text{GeV}$ to 2 $\text{TeV}$ are also studied, and the derived upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction decrease with increasing mass from 1.0 $\text{pb}$ for a scalar boson mass of 50 $\text{GeV}$ to 0.1 $\text{pb}$ at a mass of 2 $\text{TeV}$.
An inclusive search for nonresonant signatures of beyond the standard model (SM) phenomena in events with three or more charged leptons, including hadronically decaying $τ$ leptons, is presented. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016-2018. Events are categorized based on the lepton and b-tagged jet multiplicities and various kinematic variables. Three scenarios of physics beyond the SM are probed, and signal-specific boosted decision trees are used for enhancing sensitivity. No significant deviations from the background expectations are observed. Lower limits are set at 95% confidence level on the mass of type-III seesaw heavy fermions in the range 845-1065 GeV for various decay branching fraction combinations to SM leptons. Doublet and singlet vector-like $τ$ lepton extensions of the SM are excluded for masses below 1045 GeV and in the mass range 125-150 GeV, respectively. Scalar leptoquarks decaying exclusively to a top quark and a lepton are excluded below 1.12-1.42 TeV, depending on the lepton flavor. For the type-III seesaw as well as the vector-like doublet model, these constraints are the most stringent to date. For the vector-like singlet model, these are the first constraints from the LHC experiments. Detailed results are also presented to facilitate alternative theoretical interpretations.
A search for pairs of Higgs bosons produced via gluon and vector boson fusion is presented, focusing on the four b quark final state. The data sample consists of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. No deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed. A 95% confidence level upper limit on the Higgs boson pair production cross section is observed at 3.9 times the standard model prediction for an expected value of 7.8. Constraints are also set on the modifiers of the Higgs field self-coupling, $κ_λ$, and of the coupling of two Higgs bosons to two vector bosons, $κ_\mathrm{2V}$. The observed (expected) allowed intervals at the 95% confidence level are $-$2.3 $\lt$ $κ_λ$ $\lt$ 9.4 ($-$5.0 $\lt$ $κ_λ$ $\lt$ 12.0) and $-$0.1 $\lt$ $κ_\mathrm{2V}$ $\lt$ 2.2 ($-$0.4 $\lt$ $κ_\mathrm{2V}$ $\lt$ 2.5). These are the most stringent observed constraints to date on the HH production cross section and on the $κ_\mathrm{2V}$ coupling.