Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Nikitas N. Karanikolas

Maja Matijević

Helmut Weinberger

In this article, the name Stadler, the family name of our jubilarian, is subjected to a linguistic analysis. Its etymology and word formation are examined as well as name variants, the distribution of the name, and analogous formations in other languages. Additionally, some well-known bearers of the name Stadler, apart from our jubilarian, are presented. Etymology: The name Stadler is an -er-derivation of German Stadel 1. ‘barn, granary’, 2. toponym. Hence, semantically the following connotations are possible: 1. ‘overseer of a barn, owner of a barnyard’ (official or professional name), 2. ‘whoever lives in or near a barn’ (residence name), 3. ‘whoever comes from a place called Stad(e)l’ (name of origin).

Olga V. Trefilova

This congratulatory message refers to the lead researcher of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philology Anna A. Plotnikova, a specialist in Serbian language, Balkanistics, ethnolinguistics, linguistic geography, Slavic dialectology, lexicology, lexicography. The researcher’s path is connected with the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with which she began to cooperate while studying at the Lomonosov Moscow State University in the 1980s. After defending her PhD thesis “Ethnolinguistic dictionary as a linguistic, ethnographic and folklore source (based on the material of Slavic languages and traditions)” (1990), she began to work at the Institute of Slavic Studies as a junior researcher and worked her way up to the lead researcher of the Department of Ethnolinguistics and Folklore. Anna Plotnikova is actively developing areal ethnolinguistics. In 2005, she defended her doctoral thesis “Ethnolinguistic geography of South Slavia”. To date, she has authored 6 books and more than 500 research papers. She is a member of the author’s team of the ethnolinguistic dictionaries “Slavic antiquities” and “Slavic mythology”, a member of the editorial boards of some scholarly journals, editor of serial publications and some monographs of her colleagues. Since 2007, Anna Plotnikova has led the collective work in the Department of Ethnolinguistics and Folklore, which was aimed at creating an electronic database of the Archive of Polesie expeditions (were conducted in 1962–1985); at various times she managed or participated in a number of grants supported by Russian scientific foundations. She is a member of the Russian National Committee of Slavists, participates in the work of several commissions under the International Committee of Slavists: on Balkan linguistics, on ethnolinguistics, on the study of Russian Old Believers. She cooperates with university education, directs the work of graduate students, including foreign ones, and engages young researchers in research activities.

Serge Sharoff, Nenad Ivanović

Languages Editorial Office

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K. A. Abdrakhmanov

The business activity of merchants of the middle of the 19th century, who chose the tea trade as the main area of their investments, is investigated. The analysis of the Russian tea trade in the middle of the 19th century in the context of its organizational specifics is very limitedly presented in Russian historiography, which confirms the novelty of this scientific study. The key moments of the organization of trade operations with the Chinese in Kyakhta are considered. The range of problems typical for the entrepreneurial practice of tea merchants of this era is presented and analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the trade in smuggled tea and the production of its surrogate versions as the main obstacles to the productive work of the tea market in the interests of the merchants and the state. It is noted that the trade in illegal goods was carried out by colleagues who did not know how or did not want to make a profit in an honest way, and the marginal phenomenon itself was so massive that the merchants could not liquidate the illegal market on their own. As a result, in order to resolve many issues, merchants had to interact with various structures of the country’s authorities. It is shown that the remote format of interaction between large entrepreneurs and their sales agents in Kyakhta had certain inconveniences and brought profits to tea business owners much less than the possible maximum.

Sara Bédard-Goulet

This article examines the vegetal agency taking place in the novel Western (2005) (Western: A Novel, translated by Betsy Wing in 2009) by contemporary French writer Christine Montalbetti. Building on the cinematographic performativity of the novel itself and on a materialist ecocritical approach, it studies the mobility of plants in this narrative to identify how the cinematographic transmediality contributes to engage the vegetal in the foreground. This analysis allows to feed the characterisation of cinematographic devices in the contemporary novel and to prolong the reflection on nonhuman agency and its presence in literature today.

Gerard Bensussan

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Olga A. Bogdanova

The bibliography of literary criticism and essays (articles, reviews, literary portraits and parallels, critical and biographical essays, etc.) by Arkady Semyonovich Dolinin (1880–1968), first published here, gives an idea of the field of interest of a great Soviet literary critics before the beginning of his scholarly activity, in the first decades of the XX century. The paper traces the path of Dolinin - literary critic, his appeal to the classical (F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, A.I. Herzen, etc.) and modern (A.P. Chekhov, B.K. Zaitsev, F. Sologub, D.S. Merezhkovsky, etc.) literature, his artistic and aesthetic preferences (from realism to modernism), and his religious and philosophical quest against the background of social and political struggle during the First World War, the Revolution and the Civil War. The paper gives an analysis of Dolinin's method: biographical and psychological approach, Critical attitude to the sociological (“pypinism”) and formal- aesthetic (“shklovskism”) methods, comments on the ideological and creative relations with S.A. Vengerov, his teacher at Petrograd University. Special attention is paid to Dolinin's intensive critical work in 1918 –1920 in the Arkhangelsk newspaper Renaissance of the North, where he chronicled Russian literary life at a historical turning point, reflecting on the works of V.V. Rozanov, L.N. Andreev, A.M. Gorky, A.M. Remizov, A.A. Blok, etc. An important achievement of Dolinin was the discovery of young, still unknown talents: L.M. Leonov, B.V. Shergin, A.V. Tufanov.

Yu. A. Sazonova, T. I. Yaroshovets

The results of the typological analysis of the Galician sports press of the 1920s—1930s are presented. The quantitative growth of sports publications in Galicia during the analyzed period is noted, despite the fact that the region is under Polish hegemony, and the role of the regional sports press as a catalyst of national consciousness is emphasized. The sociopolitical conditions for the development of sports periodicals and general trends in the program policy of Galician sports publications have been determined. The novelty of the research is seen in the identification of the characteristic regional dominants of the sports periodicals in Galicia through the implementation of content analysis of Galician publications and a comparative analysis of sports journalism in Galicia and the Ukrainian SSR of the 1920s—1930s. The author’s development of the periodization of the sports press of Galicia of the indicated era based on the unification of sociopolitical, typological, problem-thematic, genre features of publications in a certain chronological period is presented, constitutional dominants of each period are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the review and content analysis of the most representative media of each period of the sports press of Galicia in the 1920s and 1930s, where the units of scientific observation were the goals and objectives of the publications, the composition of the editorial boards, the genre and problem-thematic ranges of materials. An overview analysis of the conditions of development, the characteristics of content, structure, genre-thematic palette, authorship of the sports media of Galicia in the context of sports journalism of Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century is presented in conclusion.

Suzana Jakoša, Irena Stramljič Breznik, Damjan Glavač

V prispevku so predstavljeni termini v sopomenskih dvojicah in nizih v poimenovalnem sistemu z izhodiščnim terminom celica, ki je iztočnica v Slovenskem medicinskem slovarju. Številni pojmi so poimenovani z dvema ali več termini, ki se razlikujejo po prevzetosti prvin, strukturi, tvorjenosti in pomenotvornih lastnostih. Tipološko raznovrstnost izkazujejo tudi sopomenski kratični termini in termini z izlastnoimensko prvino. Ob sopomenskih dvojicah iz prevzetega in neprevzetega termina kot pričakovanem tipu so tudi dvojice iz samo prevzetih ali samo neprevzetih terminov. Dvojic s samo neprevzetimi prvinami je najmanj. Sopomenski nizi so iz po sestavi in izvoru različnih terminov z istimi ali različnimi pomenskosestavinskimi lastnostmi. Po številu podtipov se približujejo sopomenskim dvojicam.

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A. L. Posadskov

The article is devoted to the history of the Commission for the Promotion of Scientists (CPS) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, which existed in 1931-1937. It is reported that the CPS replaced the Central Commission for the Improvement of the Life of Scientists (CCILS), which had operated under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR since 1921. It is shown that in the first years of its existence, the Commission continued the traditional directions of state supervision over the material, logistic, housing, and leisure aspects of the life of Soviet scientists (which was typical for CCILS), and then, from the mid-1930s, the Commission acquired new functions and strengthened some of the previous areas of activity that have become more in demand among scientists. Among these areas, in particular, the propaganda of scientific achievements of the USSR, which had been updated by that time, the provision of scientists with foreign scientific literature, and the improvement of medical and health resort services for the highest stratum of the scientific intellectuals are mentioned. The author of the article claims that the Commission for the Promotion of Scientists was an effective tool for managing the Soviet scientific community from a totalitarian state. It is proved that in the 1930s it solved the problem of “buying” loyalty and devotional service of the top scientific intellectuals to the communist government in exchange for benefits, privileges and preferences.

V. N. Mamyachenkov

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the problem of pension coverage of the population of the Russian Federation has not lost its topicality today. It is paid attention to the history of the emergence and development of the institute of personal pensions in the USSR. It is argued that the development of pension issues was not encouraged in the former USSR. It is emphasized that even today we are experiencing a shortage of research on pension issues, especially those based on regional materials. Archival materials in the documentary base. The author dwells on the letters of request of citizens of the Middle Urals in the commission for the appointment of personal pensions. It proves that citizens who have (as they thought) certain services “to the party and the state” demanded to be given a personal pension. It is stated that personal pensions had a rather high status, were subject to prestige and were valued for the benefits obtained with their help. It is concluded that the main owners of personal pensions were representatives of the so-called “nomenclature” - party and economic leaders of various ranks.

Елена Коницкая

[статья и аннотация на русском, аннотации на английском и литовском языках] Пространственные предлоги (ПрП) относятся к маркерам пространственных отношений, функциональные и семантические особенности которых в разных языках активно исследуются в последние десятилетия. Общность происхождения ПрП в родственных языках и их формальное сходство (частичное или полное) провоцирует ложное отождествление и перенос пространственных значений с одного языка на другой. Сопоставление словенских и русских ПрП позволяет выявить специфику концептуализации пространства в двух славянских языках. В первой части исследования анализируются словенские и русские непроизводные ПрП по параметрам: статическая и директивная ситуации; в последней выделяются стартовая и финишная позиции. Во второй части рассматриваются различия между языками в сфере некоторых непространственных значений. Хотя между ПрП двух славянских языков в грамматическом и семантическом отношении есть сходства, однако отмечаются существенные различия. В словенском языке признак статичность / динамичность релевантен для предлогов v, na, nad, pod, pred, za, med, ob, в русском языке этот признак релевантен для меньшего числа предлогов: в, на, под, за. Различия в концептуализации пространства своеобразно отражаются в темпоральных и функциональных значениях ПрП, в чем заметна избирательность языков в отношении частных пространственных значений предлогов, лежащих в основе непространственных значений. Slovėnų kalbos erdvės prielinksnių struktūriniai ir semantiniai ypatumai gretinant su rusų kalbos erdvės prielinksniais Erdvės prielinksniai atlieka išskirtinį vaidmenį erdvės santykiams žymėti. Jų funkciniai ir semantiniai ypatumai įvairiose kalbose aktyviai tiriami šiolaikinėje lingvistikoje. Giminingų kalbų erdvės prielinksnių kilmės bendrumas ir jų formalus panašumas lemia, kad skirtingų kalbų erdvės prielinksniai tapatinami ir vienos kalbos reikšmės klaidingai vartojamos kitoje kalboje. Slovėnų ir rusų kalbų prielinksnių gretinimas leidžia nustatyti erdvės konceptualizacijos skirtumus. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje analizuojami slovėnų ir rusų kalbų prielinksniai pagal svarbiausius kriterijus: statinė – direktyvinė situacija; pastarojoje išskiriama starto ir finišo pozicija. Antroje straipsnio dalyje analizuojamos kai kurios dviejų kalbų funkcinės ir temporalinės reikšmės. Nors dviejų slavų kalbų erdvės prielinksniai turi daug panašumų, nustatoma ir esminių skirtumų. Slovėnų kalboje požymis statika / dinamika yra daug svarbesnis, nes sujungia prielinksnius v, na, nad, pod, pred, za, med, ob,rusų kalboje į opoziciją įtraukti tik prielinksniai в, на, под, за. Erdvės konceptualizacios skirtumai savitai reiškiasi funkcinėse ir temporalinėse reikšmėse. Reikšminiai žodžiai: rusų kalbos erdvės prielinksniai, slovėnų kalbos erdvės prielinksniai, erdvės santykiai, temporalinės ir funkcinės prielinksnių reikšmės

Ann Kleimola

One of the murky episodes of Ivan the Terrible’s minority is the revolt of his uncle, Andrei Staritskii, in the spring of 1537, which ended with the arrest of the prince and his death in prison in December. The Litsevoi Letopisnyi Svod reproduces the account given in the Voskresenskaia Chronicle, which does not blame Andrei but attributes the uprising to the agitation of unnamed malevolent advisors in both Moscow and Staritsa. The 48 illustrations of the text follow this interpretation and sometimes go beyond it to suggest a certain sympathy for Andrei. In their dynamic depiction of events, the artists use innovative techniques to show progression of the action while retaining traditional representations of human figures and clothing. One cannot tell the good counselors from the bad, and victims of repression express resignation rather than fear or pain. The fact that it presents this episode in a manner favorable to Andrei is perhaps one of the reasons why the compilation of the Litsevoi Letopisnyi Svod was abandoned. In 1569 Ivan the Terrible forced Vladimir, the son of Andrei Staritskii, to drink poison. After that, it is highly probable that the tsar wanted to read an account of the 1537 revolt that would graphically reveal the treason of the House of Staritsa.

Đuro Blažeka

This paper discusses the concept of the <i>Dictionary of Mursko Središće</i> by Đuro Blažeka and Grozdana Rob (Faculty of Teacher Education, Zagreb, 2014). The paper describes some of the lexicographical methods by which raw materials are converted into a scientific dictionary (removal of inappropriate material, choice of exemplifications, archelexemes, the grammatical part of dictionary entries, stylistic guidelines, treatment of synonyms and variants) as well as all further research that must be done to this end. The new term expressive <i>sentence confirmation</i> is introduced as a lexicographical value in and of itself, which differs from collocations and phraseological units and should be introduced into the dictionary in addition to the simple exemplification of lexemes. It is concluded that cooperation between amateurs (collectors of lexicological material) and scholars presents the best solution by which to write concise dictionaries of local speeches that include a wide variety of archaic vocabulary and a large number of examples of the expressive use of vocabulary in communicatively specific situations.

Andreja Žele

Breda Marušič

Sodobni slovenski roman se v primerjavi z besedili slovenske realistične klasike ter s tujimi romanesknimi teksti pojavlja na gledaliških odrih razmeroma redko. Njegove uprizoritve so najpogostejše v okviru dramskega gledališča, čeprav so romani, predvsem tisti z modernističnimi značilnostmi, pogosto gradivo za postdramske gledališke oblike (oboji zavračajo fabulo). Bolj kot od vrste in značilnosti romanesknega besedila je način prirejanja odvisen od tipa prireditelja (pisatelj ali režiser). Različne prvine dramatičnosti in performativnosti morda naredijo roman privlačnejši za prirejanje, niso pa same po sebi dovolj za kakovostno dramatizacijo oziroma uprizoritev. Dramski tekst, ki nastane v procesu dramatizacije, pomeni tako kot vsa dramska besedila le izhodišče za različna režiserska branja.