Hasil untuk "Physical anthropology. Somatology"

Lorenzo Lustri, Lukáš Laibl, Luis Collantes et al.

Zonozoe drabowiensis Barrande, 1872 and Zonoscutum solum Chlupáč, 1999 are rare and incompletely preserved arthropods from the Upper Ordovician of the Czech Republic. Their classification has been a subject of debate for over a century due to the limited number of specimens, lack of knowledge related to post-cephalic morphology and the absence of clear diagnostic features. They were previously considered as members of Aglaspidida, an extinct group of arthropods from the Cambrian and Ordovician, within Vicissicaudata, a branch of the larger arthropod clade Artiopoda. Herein, we analysed the cephalic outlines of Zonozoe and Zonoscutum to determine whether their shapes align more closely with vissicaudatans than with other early Palaeozoic arthropods, offering a new morphological perspective on their systematics. We assembled a data set of cephalic outlines each representing one of thirty-three early Palaeozoic species, including Zonozoe, Zonoscutum, nine euchelicerates, six aglaspidids, three cheloniellids, and a selection of other artiopodans. We quantified their shape using elliptical Fourier analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) place Zonozoe within the vicissicaudatan morphospace, and Zonoscutum in their proximity, clearly distinguishing them from euchelicerates. These data add support to the most conservative classification of Zonozoe and Zonoscutum within Artiopoda, while strengthening the case for a more specific affinity with Vicissicaudata, helping to resolve a 150-year-old taxonomic uncertainty. More broadly, this study demonstrates the value of outline-based morphometrics in aiding systematic hypotheses when discrete characters are unavailable or scarce, offering a reproducible tool for re-evaluating other problematic fossils.

Балинова Н.В., Хомякова И.А., Маурер А.М. et al.

Введение. В статье представлены результаты сравнительного анализа описательных признаков коренных народов Киргизии, Калмыкии, Южной Сибири и Западной Монголии. Материалы и методы. Данные были собраны в ходе комплексных антропологических экспедиций 2013-2017 годов в популяциях сарт-калмаков, калмыков, монголов, тувинцев, алтайцев. Программа обследования включала следующие описательные характеристики: в строении тела отмечалась форма ног, в расово-диагностическом комплексе определялась пигментация кожи, волос и глаз, форма волос и развитие третичного волосяного покрова на лице и груди у мужчин. Применялись стандартные шкалы, балловые характеристики и метод обобщенных фотопортретов. Результаты. Показано, что по совокупности описательных признаков все изученные группы близки между собой, при этом этнические группы, имеющие в своем генезисе наибольшую европеоидную примесь, отклоняются в сторону светлых оттенков кожи, глаз и волос. Встречаемость О-образной формы ног, особенно у мужчин коррелирует с генетическими и историческими данными о наличии или отсутствии европеоидного компонента. Обобщенные фотопортреты каждой субэтнической группы подтверждают общее сходство антропологического облика, обусловленное проявлением единого расового компонента во всех сериях. Заключение. В целом, по описательным признакам все изученные индивиды являются яркими представителями различных антропологических типов большой монголоидной расы и характеризуются темно пигментированными волосами и глазами. Новую информацию для антропологической дифференциации внесло исследование формы ног, связанное с частотой встречаемости О-образной формы. Применение метода обобщенных фотопортретов позволило составить более полное представление о внешнем облике представителей исследуемых этнических групп.

Yuna Enomoto, Hiroko Kubo

Abstract Background Sleep deprivation and irregular sleep patterns can adversely affect physical and mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic presented a naturalistic opportunity to examine how reduced social time restrictions influence sleep behavior. This study aimed to investigate both group-level and individual-level changes in sleep patterns among Japanese university students before and during the pandemic and to explore how individual characteristics may contribute to these changes. Methods Twenty-two female university students wore waist-worn actigraphy devices for approximately 16 weeks in both 2019 and 2020. Objective sleep data were collected alongside questionnaire assessments of chronotype, personality traits, and subjective sleep feeling. Results In total, 4,432 valid days of actigraphy data were analyzed. Compared with the pre-pandemic year, sleep timing was delayed by approximately 20 min for bed-in time and 40 min for bed-out time in 2020. Time in bed (TIB) increased by about 20 min, while total sleep time (TST) remained largely unchanged. Sleep efficiency declined, but subjective sleep feeling remained stable. Individual-level analyses revealed substantial variability: 9 of 22 participants showed significant changes in TST, with both increases and decreases observed. Increased TIB was associated with later bed-out time, shorter baseline sleep duration, and lower neuroticism. A later bed-in time was associated with reduced TST. Conclusions These findings suggest that while social time restrictions can influence sleep timing and duration, the effects vary considerably across individuals. Earlier bedtimes may be more effective than simply extending TIB in promoting adequate sleep. Furthermore, individual characteristics such as personality traits may play a role in sleep adaptation under changing social contexts. Given the diversity of responses observed, both group- and individual-level perspectives are essential for understanding sleep behavior in real-world settings.

Dennis V. Kent, Luca Lanci, Dorothy M. Peteet

Published cosmogenic ¹⁰Be exposure ages from the terminal moraine of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) in northeastern North America have been interpreted to date the start of the retreat of the LIS at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) about 25 thousand years ago (ka). In contrast, published ¹⁴C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates for terrestrial plant macrofossils in LIS basal deglacial clay deposits range back to only ~16 calibrated (cal) ka, more consistent with the timing of glacio-eustatic rise and associated meltwater discharge to the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico associated with LGM deglaciation. We apply statistical models of geomagnetic secular variation, including dipole moment, to the latitudinal scaling of cosmic ray flux to see how well the age discrepancy can be addressed. A preferred new scaling, which is essentially time-invariant over the relevant LGM age range, shifts the exposure ages only a few thousand years younger. The age discrepancy may thus stem more from potential local biases toward higher ¹⁰Be concentrations (older apparent ages) at the terminal moraine sites, such as much higher ¹⁰Be production rates at the LIS front, and especially from inheritance. Such biases can be tested by obtaining primary ¹⁰Be calibration sites in the LGM time frame, and by more comprehensive sampling strategies for glaciated terrain to discern inheritance.

Козлов А.И. , Вершубская Г.Г. , Воронина М.М. et al.

Введение. Способность организма к усвоению витамина D определяется, помимо других факторов, активностью тканевого рецептора (vitamin D receptor), которая кодируется геном VDR. Межгрупповые различия в носительстве полиморфизмов VDR мы рассматриваем как результаты отбора, направленного на снижение популяционных частот дезадаптивных вариантов. По данным литературы, аллели A*TaqI (rs731236), G*BsmI (rs1544410), C*ApaI (rs7975232) и A*FokI (rs2228570) выделены как условно «рисковые», ассоциированные со снижением минеральной плотности кости и развитием остеопороза. Мы предположили, что на формирование популяционной специфики частот VDR могло влиять традиционное питание группы, определявшееся принадлежностью к хозяйственно-культурному типу (ХКТ). Цель исследования: сравнить частоты аллелей A*TaqI, G*BsmI, C*ApaI и A*FokI гена VDR в группах коренного населения с исторически сложившимися системами хозяйствования, ориентированными на преимущественное использование продуктов земледелия, скотоводства или охоты в сочетании с рыболовством. Материалы и методы. Популяционный полиморфизм VDR исследован на материалах 3463 образцов ДНК, представляющих 76 популяций коренного европеоидного и монголоидного населения Евразии. На основании данных о традициях природопользования выделены группы «земледельцев» (n=49), «скотоводов» (n=13) и «охотников» (n=14). Результаты. Монголоидные земледельческие группы достоверно отличаются от европеоидных более высоким носительством A*TaqI (p=0,008) и G*BsmI (p < 0,0001). Поскольку скотоводы и охотники представлены только монголоидными популяциями, дальнейшее сравнение проводилось в ХКТ, представленных монголоидами. Фактор принадлежности к ХКТ оказался значимым для частот полиморфизмов G*BsmI и A*FokI (p=0,02). Носительство G*BsmI у скотоводов ниже, чем у охотников (p=0,02). По частотам A*FokI скотоводы и охотники не различаются, но обе эти группы достоверно (p<0,05) отстают от земледельцев. Заключение. Установлено, что популяционная специфика распределения полиморфизмов VDR связана с расовой принадлежностью группы. В монголоидных популяциях фактор принадлежности к ХКТ значим и, следовательно, мог повлиять на распределение полиморфизмов VDR. Для исследования в популяциях большой европеоидной расы необходимы данные о частотах полиморфизмов VDR в группах скотоводов и охотников-рыболовов европеоидного происхождения.

Чиркова А.Х., Федорчук О.А., Березина Н.Я.

Введение. Палеоантропологические исследования материалов Северной Африки эпохи Средневековья крайне немногочисленны. Несмотря на большое количество международных экспедиций, работающих в регионе, результатов морфометрических исследований, а именно измерений черепов и костей посткраниального скелета, представлено очень мало. Отчасти это связано с утратой практических навыков измерений в европейских антропологических школах второй половины XX в., отчасти – со сложностями изучения захоронений исламского периода. Несколько сезонов работы Нубийской археолого-антропологической экспедиции НИИ и Музея антропологии МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова на Южном некрополе средневекового памятника Дерахейб (Республика Судан) были посвящены исследованию именно этого пласта населения. Целью публикации является введение в научный оборот новых данных и остеологическая характеристика средневекового населения, погребенного на Южном некрополе памятника Дерахейб. Материалы и методы. Материалом являются кости посткраниального скелета взрослых индивидов (14 мужчин и 9 женщин). Методика соответствует классической программе в обработке В.П. Алексеева (всего 74 признака и 16 указателей). Проведена реконструкция длины тела, описаны тотальные размеры тела, вычислены указатели пропорций. Для внутригруппового анализа применен метод главных компонент, который проводился по индивидуальным данным с помощью языка R. Результаты и обсуждение. Мужское население характеризуется средними тотальными размерами тела и шириной плеч, а женская серия является относительно узкоплечей. В мужской серии дистальные отделы рук и ног удлинены относительно проксимальных, а нижние конечности удлинены относительно верхних. Женская серия отличалась более грацильным телосложением. Дистальный отдел ноги удлинен относительно проксимального, как и в мужской группе; также отмечается некоторое укорочение верхних конечностей относительно нижних. Длина тела варьируется в пределах 166 см у мужчин и 156 см у женщин. Заключение. Средневековое население города Дерахейб по данным остеометрии может быть охарактеризовано как неоднородное, выделяющиеся индивиды в основном соответствуют тем, которые обособлялись по краниологическим данным. Мужская часть населения среднемассивная, а женская – грацильная. Для всей выборки характерны укороченные относительно рук нижние конечности, а также удлинённые относительно проксимальных дистальные отделы рук и ног, что отражает одну из черт тропического адаптивного типа.

Vanda F. Santos, José J. Moratalla, Rafael Royo-Torres et al.

The Galinha dinosaur tracksite (Portugal) was declared a Natural Monument in 1996 and is currently designated as Ourém/Torres Novas Dinosaur Footprints Natural Monument. This tracksite yields a completely new and unique morphology of sauropod tracks from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian–Bathonian). This new morphotype was named Polyonyx by Santos et al. (2009). However, recently it has been brought to our attention that this ichnotaxon name “Polyonyx” is preoccupied by the porcellanid decapod Polyonyx Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae). The priority is given to the latter and to avoid homonymy, the former is issued the new replacement name Galinhapodus igen. nov., creating the new replacement combination name Galinhapodus gomesi.

Juliana Sterli, Marcelo Saúl de la Fuente, Ignacio Jorge Maniel et al.

The fossil record of Cretaceous turtles in Santa Cruz Province is scarce. Turtles have been reported from the Mata Amarilla Formation (Cenomanian), the Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Campanian–Maastrichtian), and the Chorrillo Formation (early Maastrichtian). In this contribution, we examined all the turtle remains recovered from six localities in the Mata Amarilla Formation, nearby Mata Amarilla farm (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina). These fossils are housed at the “Padre Molina” Museum in Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz. Most of the carapace and plastral remains are conferred to an indeterminate small species of cf. Prochelidella sp., while the remaining fragments are attributed to a mid-sized species of an indeterminate Chelidae. Prochelidella spp. is a group of turtles distributed in Chubut, Río Negro, Neuquén, and Mendoza provinces, ranging from the Aptian to the Maastrichtian, with two main gaps (late Albian and Coniacian–Santonian). The recognition of cf. Prochelidella sp. in the Austral-Magallanes Basin extends the geographic range of this group more than 500 km south to the previously known southernmost record of Prochelidella, Pr. argentinae, from the Golfo San Jorge Basin (Chubut, Argentina).

Caitlyn D. Placek, Renee E. Magnan, Vijaya Srinivas et al.

Smokeless tobacco use among Indian women is increasing despite prevention efforts. Evolutionary theories suggest that reproductive-aged women should be more concerned about immediate threats to reproduction than threats to survival occurring late in life. This study therefore compared an anti-tobacco intervention that emphasized near-term reproductive harms to one involving general harms occurring later in life. Scheduled Tribal women (N = 92) from Karnataka, India participated in this study. At baseline, women reported tobacco use and knowledge of harms, provided a saliva sample to assess use, and randomly viewed either a general harms presentation (GHP) or reproductive harms presentation (RHP). At followup, women reported their use, knowledge of harms and intentions to quit, and provided another saliva sample. At baseline, participants were aware of general harms but not reproductive harms. Both interventions increased knowledge of harms. Women in the RHP condition did not list more harms than women in the GHP condition, however, and the RHP was not more effective in reducing tobacco use than the GHP. In the RHP condition fetal health was particularly salient. In the GHP condition, oral health was highly salient, aligning with the local disease ecology and research on tobacco use and attractiveness.

Catherine Sheard, Claire Bowern, Rikker Dockum et al.

Kinship is a fundamental and universal aspect of the structure of human society. The kinship category of ‘grandparents’ is socially salient, owing to grandparents’ investment in the care of the grandchildren as well as to older generations’ control of wealth and cultural knowledge, but the evolutionary dynamics of grandparent terms has yet to be studied in a phylogenetically explicit context. Here, we present the first phylogenetic comparative study of grandparent terms by investigating 134 languages in Pama–Nyungan, an Australian family of hunter–gatherer languages. We infer that proto-Pama–Nyungan had, with high certainty, four separate terms for grandparents. This state then shifted into either a two-term system that distinguishes the genders of the grandparents or a three-term system that merges the ‘parallel’ grandparents, which could then transition into a different three-term system that merges the ‘cross’ grandparents. We find no support for the co-evolution of these systems with either community marriage organisation or post-marital residence. We find some evidence for the correlation of grandparent and grandchild terms, but no support for the correlation of grandparent and cross-cousin terms, suggesting that grandparents and grandchildren potentially form a single lexical category but that the entire kinship system does not necessarily change synchronously.

Ryan J. Rabett, Alexander J. E. Pryor, David J. Simpson et al.

We present a multi-proxy study of environmental conditions during and after the recessional phases of pro-glacial Lake Algonquin in the vicinity of the North Bay outlet, Great Lakes Basin. Data presented comes from a new sedimentary profile obtained from the Balsam Creek kettle lake c. 34 km north-east of the city of North Bay. This site lies close to the north-east margin of the maximum extent of the post-Algonquin lake sequence, which drained through the Ottawa-Mattawa valley system. Our data are presented against a Bayesian age-depth model, supporting and extending regional understanding of vegetation succession in this part of north-east Ontario. The core profile provides a minimum age for the formation of the glacial outwash delta in which the kettle is set, as well as tentative timing for the Payette (post-Algonquin) lake phase. We highlight two discrete intervals during the Early Holocene, with modelled mean ages of: 8475–8040 cal. BP (332–316 cm) and 7645 cal. BP (286 cm), when climatic aridity affected the growth of vegetation within the kettle vicinity. Association with volcanic activity is posited. Cryptotephra dating to 7660–7430 cal. BP (mean age: 7580 cal. BP) is chronologically and geochemically assigned to the Mazama climactic eruption, while an earlier ash accumulation 8710–7865 cal. BP is tentatively sourced to an unknown eruption also in the Cascades region of Oregon. Outside of these periods, the Balsam Creek sequence shows considerable habitat stability and a character akin to that seen at more southerly latitudes. On this evidence we propose that access to reliable resources within kettle features could have aided the initial colonisation of northern Ontario’s environmentally dynamic early post-glacial landscape.

Igor N. Kosenko

Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) oyster Pycnogryphaea weberae from Crimea is one of the earliest known pycnodonteine oysters. Examination of shell morphology and microstructure of this species shows that it shares characters of the subfamilies Gryphaeinae and Pycnodonteinae. Shell microstructure of Pycnogryphaea weberae lacks vesicular structure and is similar to microstructure of the genus Gryphaea. At the same time the shell of this species possesses morphological characters typical of pycnodonteins: development of chomata and well-defined circumferential curb. Pycnogryphaea weberae is regarded as a transitional taxon between the subfamilies Gryphaeinae and Pycnodonteinae and referred herein to a new genus Pycnogryphaea within the Pycnodonteinae. This suggests that the subfamily Pycnodonteinae likely originated from the Late Jurassic representatives of the genus Gryphaea (Gryphaeinae) in Berriassian. First pycnodonteins preserved shell microstructure of the genus Gryphaea but developed chomata along all the perimeter of both valves.

James T. Watson

Leandro Hernán Luna, Gustavo Flensborg, Gustavo Martinez

Los modelos bioantropológicos y arqueológicos proponen cambios en la demografía, en la organización social, en las dinámicas poblacionales y en las redes de interacción social entre los grupos cazadores-recolectores del norte de la Patagonia y del sur pampeano durante los últimos 1000 años. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar, desde la perspectiva de la antropología dental, si los individuos recuperados en el curso inferior del río Colorado (transición pampeano-patagónica oriental, provincia de Buenos Aires), inhumados durante el Holoceno tardío (ca. 3000-250 años AP), pertenecieron a diferentes poblaciones biológicas o si, por el contrario, compartieron un pool génico común a lo largo de ese período. Para alcanzar este objetivo se realizaron análisis métricos de la dentición permanente de 21 individuos adultos de ambos sexos, procedentes de tres sitios arqueológicos. Los resultados indican una similitud en la dispersión de los valores obtenidos, lo que permitiría inferir cierta continuidad fenotípica. En este sentido, no se observan segregaciones claras entre grupos de individuos, de manera que es posible plantear que no habrían existido divergencias biológicas entre los grupos humanos que inhumaban a sus ancestros en el área durante todo el lapso considerado. Estos datos contrastan con la información generada en áreas vecinas (p. ej., Pampa occidental), lo que indicaría que durante el Holoceno tardío final (ca. 1000-250 años AP) se habrían desarrollado diferentes procesos y dinámicas poblacionales (p.ej., regionalización) a nivel macro-regional.

Daniel Tyborowski

A new Late Jurassic ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. is described from carbonate deposits of Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry, Central Poland, corresponding in age to the Agardhfjellet Formation (Tithonian, Middle Volgian) of the Svalbard Archipelago. The new species is represented by three-dimensionally preserved bones which display several features characteristic for Cryopterygius; including appendicular skeleton, pectoral girdle and perhaps neural arches. The morphology of the Polish form is distinct enough from Cryopterygius kristiansenae from the Svalbard Archipelago to warrant erection of a new species. The size of the bones of Cryopterygius kielanae sp. nov. indicates that this species was smaller than the type species. Its diagnostic anatomical features include a humerus with prominent and well developed dorsal process located in the middle of the dorsal surface of the bone, prominent deltopectoral crest, relatively broad femur and absence of the wide groove on the quadrate articular condyle. The discovery of a new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur of the genus Cryopterygius in Poland suggests that the Owadów-Brzezinki area was a transition zone between the tropical Tethys Ocean and the Arctic basin during the Late Jurassic.

Marina Sardi, Jimena Barbeito-Andrés, Fernando Ventrice et al.

RESUMEN Diversos estudios proponen que el neurocráneo en Homo sapiens es una estructura integrada y que la morfología de la bóveda y la base se asocia con modificaciones del cerebro. En este estudio se evaluó la covariación ontogénica en el endocráneo de Pan troglodytes, otro primate altamente encefalizado. Se analizaron 52 reconstrucciones 3D derivadas de tomografías computadas de individuos adultos y subadultos. Una vez segmentadas las cavidades endocraneanas, se relevaron 27 landmarks. A partir de su configuración, se obtuvieron el tamaño del centroide y las coordenadas de Procrustes y se realizó Análisis de Componentes Principales, regresión, correlación, ANOVA y análisis F de Goodall a fin de evaluar los cambios de tamaño y forma respecto de la edad y las alometrías. Los cambios en forma están fuertemente integrados y se producen hasta etapas tardías de la ontogenia: elongación de la bóveda y la base, distanciamiento entre el foramen magnun y la placa cribiforme, retroflexión del ángulo basicraneano y descenso de los polos temporales. A partir del análisis PLS se observó que los cambios en la base y la bóveda covarían, pero cuando se ajustó el efecto alométrico, dicha covariación se hizo no significativa, tal como ocurre en Homo sapiens. Esto sugiere que el aumento ontogénico del volumen endocraneano -en relación con el crecimiento cerebral- constituye un factor común de integración entre la bóveda y la base en ambas especies. Sin embargo, es probable que en el chimpancé se sume la influencia de distintas estructuras faciales que promuevan variación y covariación en el endocráneo. PALABRAS CLAVE chimpancé; tomografía computada; integración; cerebro  ABSTRACT Several studies propose that the neurocranium in Homo sapiens is an integrated structure, being the growing brain the factor that influences the vault and the base morphology. The goal of this study is to assess endocranial ontogenetic covariation in Pan troglodytes, another encephalized primate. Fifty-two 3D reconstructions derived from computed tomographies of adult and subadult specimens were analyzed. After segmentation of the endocranial volumes, twenty-seven landmarks were registered. Through their configuration, centroid size and Procrustes coordinates were obtained, and Principal Components Analysis, regression, correlation, ANOVA and Goodall’s F-test were performed in order to evaluate size and shape changes against age and allometries. The results indicated that significant morphological ontogenetic shape changes are highly integrated and they occur up to the late ontogeny: elongation of the vault and the base, separation of the foramen magnum and the cribiform plate, retroflection of the basicranial angle, and descent of the temporal poles. By means of PLS analysis, a significant covariation between the vault and the base was obtained. However, when the allometric effect was adjusted, the covariation became non-significant, as occurs in Homo sapiens. This suggests that the ontogenetic increase in the endocranial volume —related to the growing brain— may be a common integrative factor between the vault and the base in both species. Nonetheless, different facial structures are also likely to promote variation and covariation in the chimpanzee’s endocranium. KEY WORDS chimpanzee; computed tomography; integration; brain   doi: 10.17139/raab.2014.0016.02.02

Lenore Manderson

Clara Scabuzzo

RESUMEN El objetivo general de este trabajo es, desde una perspectiva bioarqueológica, aproximarse a los modos de vida de los cazadores recolectores a partir del análisis de las actividades físicas cotidianas. Específicamente se plantea llevar a cabo el estudio de los marcadores de estrés ocupacional (M.E.O). Estas marcas de actividad, que quedan registrados en el esqueleto como consecuencia del uso del cuerpo y de los patrones de actividad física de los individuos, pueden ser tanto de carácter patológico como no patológico. Dentro de las modificaciones patológicas se incluye la osteoartritis, las fracturas y las lesiones de estrés; en tanto que las no patológicas abarcan los marcadores de estrés músculo-esqueletal y los posturales. En este trabajo fueron consideradas las señales de degeneración articular y los marcadores de estrés músculo-esqueletal. Se analizaron los esqueletos adultos del sitio Arroyo Seco 2 (Partido de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires). En este sitio se exhumó un total de 44 esqueletos, de adultos y subadultos, ubicados temporalmente a partir de varios fechados radiocarbónicos, en el Holoceno temprano-medio. Los resultados sugieren que en los grupos cazadores recolectores pampeanos de esa etapa existió una división en las tareas cotidianas entre los sexos. Los hombres estuvieron implicados desde la adultez temprana en actividades físicas de mayor exigencia corporal, en tanto que las mujeres desarrollaron tareas de menor desgaste físico. ABSTRACT This paper deals with the hunter-gatherer way of life from a bioarchaeological perspective, through the analysis of daily activity patterns; more specifically through the study of occupational stress markers. Physical activity patterns and the use of the body leave occupational markers on the skeleton and they can be pathological or not. Pathological modifications include: osteoarthritis, fractures and stress injuries. Non-pathological modifications are musculoskeletal and postural-mechanical stress markers. In this paper articular modifications and musculoskeletal stress markers were considered. Adult skeletons from Arroyo Seco 2 site (Tres Arroyos, Buenos Aires Province) were analyzed. A total of 44 skeletons, including adults and subadults, were recovered at the site. These remains were chronologically assigned to the Early-Middle Holocene on the basis of several radiocarbonic datations. The results  presented here suggest that at these times there was a gender division of labor for daily tasks among Pampean hunter-gatherer groups. Men, since early adulthood, carried out activities of higher physical demand, while women tasks entailed lower physical work demand. Publicado on-line: 29/07/2012

Héctor M. Pucciarelli

No disponible.

B. Hanks