Hasil untuk "Photography"

Razia Jamil, Min Dong, Orken Mamyrbayev et al.

This study proposes a clinically driven hybrid segmentation framework for dense breast tissue analysis in mammographic images, addressing persistent challenges associated with intensity inhomogeneity, low-contrast, and complex tumor morphology. The framework integrates Multiplicative Intrinsic Component Optimization (MICO_2D) for bias field correction, followed by a distance-regularized multiphase Vese–Chan level-set model for coarse global tumor segmentation. To achieve precise boundary delineation, a localized refinement stage is employed using Localized Active Contours (LAC) with Local Image Fitting (LIF) energy, supported by Gaussian regularization to ensure smooth and coherent boundaries in regions with ambiguous tissue transitions. Building upon the refined semantic tumor mask, the framework further incorporates a panoptic-style tumor instance segmentation stage, enabling the decomposition of connected tumor regions into distinct anatomical instances, which were evaluated on both MIAS and INBreast mammography datasets to demonstrate generalizability. This extension facilitates detailed structural analysis of tumor multiplicity and spatial organization, enhancing interpretability beyond conventional pixel wise segmentation. Experiments conducted on Cranio-Caudal (CC) and Medio-Lateral Oblique (MLO) mammographic views demonstrate competitive performance relative to baseline U-Net and advanced deep learning fusion architectures, including multi-scale and multi-view networks, while offering improved interpretability and robustness. Quantitative evaluation using overlap-related metrics shows strong spatial agreement between predicted and reference segmentations, with per-image Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Intersection over Union (IoU) distributions reported to ensure reproducibility. Descriptive per-image analysis, supported by bootstrap-based confidence intervals and paired comparisons, indicates consistent performance improvements across images. Robustness analysis under realistic perturbations, including noise, contrast degradation, blur, and rotation, demonstrates stable performance across varying imaging conditions. Furthermore, feature space visualizations using t-SNE and UMAP reveal clear separability between cancerous and non-cancerous tissue regions, highlighting the discriminative capability of the proposed framework. Overall, the results demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and clinical motivation of this hybrid panoptic framework for comprehensive dense breast tumor analysis in mammography, while emphasizing reproducibility and conservative statistical assessment.

Jincheng Li, Menglin Zheng, Jiongyi Yang et al.

Depression is a prevalent mental disorder that imposes a significant public health burden worldwide. Although multimodal detection methods have shown potential, existing techniques still face two critical bottlenecks: (i) insufficient integration of global patterns and local fluctuations in long-sequence modeling and (ii) static fusion strategies that fail to dynamically adapt to the complementarity and redundancy among modalities. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a dynamic multimodal depression detection framework, DynMultiDep, which combines multi-scale temporal modeling with an adaptive fusion mechanism. The core innovations of DynMultiDep lie in its Multi-scale Temporal Experts Module (MTEM) and Dynamic Multimodal Fusion module (DynMM). On one hand, MTEM employs Mamba experts to extract long-term trend features and utilizes local-window Transformers to capture short-term dynamic fluctuations, achieving adaptive fusion through a long-short routing mechanism. On the other hand, DynMM introduces modality-level and fusion-level dynamic decision-making, selecting critical modality paths and optimizing cross-modal interaction strategies based on input characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that DynMultiDep outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in detection performance on two widely used large-scale depression datasets.

Emil Sowiński

The article reconstructs the final three years of film censorship activities in the Polish People’s Republic. The author understands the term “censorship” not only as the activities of the Main Office for the Control of the Press, Publications and Performances but also of state cinema institutions. Therefore, the subject is both censorship interference in films and the programming policy of Polish People’s Republic-era cinema in relation to politically controversial films (documentaries and live-action films). The author situates his analysis in the political context (10th Congress of the Polish United Workers’ Party in 1986), institutional context (Cinema Act issued in 1987), and social context (the first elections in the Eastern Bloc that resulted in the communist government losing power, June 4, 1989).

Tianwei Chen, Noa Garcia, Liangzhi Li et al.

We introduce an emotional stimuli detection task that targets extracting emotional regions that evoke people’s emotions (i.e., emotional stimuli) in artworks. This task offers new challenges to the community because of the diversity of artwork styles and the subjectivity of emotions, which can be a suitable testbed for benchmarking the capability of the current neural networks to deal with human emotion. For this task, we construct a dataset called APOLO for quantifying emotional stimuli detection performance in artworks by crowd-sourcing pixel-level annotation of emotional stimuli. APOLO contains 6781 emotional stimuli in 4718 artworks for validation and testing. We also evaluate eight baseline methods, including a dedicated one, to show the difficulties of the task and the limitations of the current techniques through qualitative and quantitative experiments.

Fariba Azhari

The photo collage "Martyrdom" by Soodi Sharifi is a manifestation of Western art in the context of Iranian art. This work is taken from the painting "Shirin’s Suicide" of Khamseh Nezami in 886 AH. In the era of post-structuralism and the era of forgetting Iranian paintings of past ages, Sharifi has created an adaptation work by choosing and changing some special symbolic systems in the pretext. The problem is the reason for changing the signs and the artist's use of them, which leads to a different meaning in the adapted work. This research tries to answer two questions: 1. In this process of extraction, what symptom systems have been changed or removed that have led to a change of meaning? 2. What are the differences between these two effects? The goal is to achieve and to recognize the type of changes in the noble text. Therefore, the study of this work along with the existing pretexts can fill the gap in studies in this field. The research method is descriptive-analytical and comparative and the two considered effects of Gerard Genette's transtexual approach have been examined. The method of collecting information relies on library (filing) and interviewing the artist. Based on the obtained results and using sign systems, the duality of meaning was observed in a noble effect. In this work, a kind of comparison between the literary subjects of the past centuries of Iran and contemporary events can be seen. In other words, the "Shirin’s suicide" of the Nezami is considered symmetrical and opposite, honoring the issue of martyrdom in the Iran-Iraq war and the statue of Pieta by Michelangelo, and the death of Christ. The changes brought about by this shift from Islam to Christianity and vice versa have changed the gender and nature of the painting. The most important change, made in the dominant type, is a permutation, because, without the replacement of some elements, the new creation would not have taken place in Sharifi’s work. In this study, with the help of the typology of transtextuality, among the five types introduced by Genette, two types of hypertextuality and intertextuality, that deal with the relationship between artistic texts, are diagnosed. Hypertext is present in both cases under investigation. Thus, the relationship between the poetic text of Khosrow and Shirin by Nezami and the visual text of Soodi Sharifi is based on hypertext, and the interdisciplinary relationship between poetry and photography is seen. Duality of meaning was observed in the Sharifi’s work due to the replacement and change of some sign systems. The artist has achieved a dual identity through his adaptation by simultaneously incorporating symbols of Christianity and Islam. By doing so, Sharifi has used Nezami’s work and created a new piece to direct the semantic path of the Khamseh’s image towards contemporary issues; this is Genette's definition of parody, which has a different meaning. He has achieved his goal by bringing several semiotic factors; including 1- Bringing the key which is the way to enter sky or heaven and to return the young man. 2- Bringing Islamic clothing for women. 3- Renaming the Nezami’s work from "Shirin’s Suicide" to "Martyrdom". Examining these cases has revealed that Sharifi intends to refer to the Iran-Iraq war and to criticize the current situation in psychological and expressive ways, but other layers of belief have been brought in his work, which may have originated from the artist's living environment. Despite spending most of his life in a Christian community, he also depends on several religious affiliations in Iranian society. Therefore, this can be one of the reasons for combining and then replacing this work with the work of Pieta by Michelangelo, and the sculpture of Pieta, as a prelude to Sharifi’s work, itself has semantic independence. Another reason is the similarity and substitution of martyrdom in Islam with the ascension of Jesus in Christianity, which exists in both ascension and entry into heaven, so among the different motives of the artist, we reach semantic diversity in Sharifi’s work. In general, Sharifi's work shows a kind of symmetry between the literary subjects of past centuries in Iran with contemporary events. In other words, the suicide of Nezami’s Shirin is considered symmetrical and opposite concerning the issue of martyrdom in the Iran-Iraq war with the statue of Pieta of Michelangelo and the death of Christ. The changes made for this turn from Islam to Christianity and vice versa have altered the gender and nature of the image, that is, there has been a shift. In between, some elements of the image are completely identical in the work of Sharifi with the picture of Nezami, and there is intertextuality of the quotation type with direct or explicit reference. Therefore, Sharifi’s work has been expanded and changed both in terms of the external structure of the work and in terms of qualitative content towards the image of Shirin’s suicide.

Daniel Rudolf Muth, Frank Blaser, Nastasia Foa et al.

Purpose: To assess the usability and image quality of a smartphone adapter for direct slit lamp imaging. Methods: A single-center, prospective, clinical study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. The smartphone group consisted of 26 medical staff (consultants, residents, and students). The control group consisted of one ophthalmic photographer. Both groups took images of the anterior and the posterior eye segment of the same proband. The control group used professional photography equipment. The participant group used an Apple <i>iPhone 11</i> mounted on a slit lamp via a removable <i>SlitREC</i> smartphone adapter (Custom Surgical GmbH, Munich, Germany). The image quality was graded independently by two blinded ophthalmologists on a scale from 0 (low) to 10 (high quality). Images with a score ≥ 7.0/10 were considered as good as the reference images. The acquisition time was measured. A questionnaire on usability and experience in smartphone and slit lamp use was taken by all of the participants. Results: Each participant had three attempts at the same task. The overall smartphone quality was 7.2/10 for the anterior and 6.4/10 for the posterior segment. The subjectively perceived difficulty decreased significantly over the course of three attempts (Kendall’s W). Image quality increased as well but did not improve significantly from take 1 to take 3. However, the image quality of the posterior segment was significantly, positively correlated (Spearman’s Rho) with work experience. The mean acquisition time for anterior segment imaging was faster in the smartphone group compared to the control group (156 vs. 206 s). It was vice versa for the posterior segment (180 vs. 151 s). Conclusion: Slit lamp imaging with the presented smartphone adapter provides high-quality imaging of the anterior segment. Posterior segment imaging remains challenging in terms of image quality. The adapter constitutes a cost-effective, portable, easy-to-use solution for recording ophthalmic photos and videos. It can facilitate clinical documentation and communication among colleagues and with the patient especially outside normal consultation hours. Direct slit lamp imaging allows for time to be saved and increases the independence of ophthalmologists in terms of patient mobility and the availability of photographic staff.

Matthieu Huot, Fraser Dalgleish, David Beauchesne et al.

A better understanding of how spatial distribution patterns in important primary producers and ecosystem service providers such as macroalgae and coral are affected by climate-change and human activity-related events can guide us in anticipating future community and ecosystem response. In-person underwater field surveys are essential in capturing fine and/or subtle details but are rarely simple to orchestrate over large spatial scale (e.g., hundreds of km). In this work, we develop an automated spectral classifier for detection and classification of various macroalgae and coral species through a spectral response dataset acquired in a controlled setting and via an underwater multispectral laser serial imager. Transferable to underwater lidar detection and imaging methods, laser line scanning is known to perform in various types of water in which normal photography and/or video methods may be affected by water optical properties. Using off the shelf components, we show how reflectance and fluorescence responses can be useful in differentiating algal color groups and certain coral genera. Results indicate that while macroalgae show many different genera and species for which differentiation by their spectral response alone would be difficult, it can be reduced to a three color-type/class spectral response problem. Our results suggest that the three algal color groups may be differentiated by their fluorescence response at 580 nm and 685 nm using common 450 nm, 490 nm and 520 nm laser sources, and potentially a subset of these spectral bands would show similar accuracy. There are however classification errors between green and brown types, as they both depend on Chl-a fluorescence response. Comparatively, corals are also very diverse in genera and species, and reveal possible differentiable spectral responses between genera, form (i.e., soft vs. hard), partly related to their emission in the 685 nm range and other shorter wavelengths. Moreover, overlapping substrates and irregular edges are shown to contribute to classification error. As macroalgae are represented worldwide and share similar photopigment assemblages within respective color classes, inter color-class differentiability would apply irrespective of their provenance. The same principle applies to corals, where excitation-emission characteristics should be unchanged from experimental response when investigated in-situ.

Thawatchai Prabsattroo, Kanokpat Wachirasirikul, Prasit Tansangworn et al.

Computed tomography examinations have caused high radiation doses for patients, especially for CT scans of the brain. This study aimed to optimize the radiation dose and image quality in adult brain CT protocols. Images were acquired using a Catphan 700 phantom. Radiation doses were recorded as CTDI_vol and dose length product (DLP). CT brain protocols were optimized by varying parameters such as kVp, mAs, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level, and Clearview iterative reconstruction (IR). The image quality was also evaluated using AutoQA Plus v.1.8.7.0 software. CT number accuracy and linearity had a robust positive correlation with the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) and showed more inaccurate CT numbers when using 80 kVp. The modulation transfer function (MTF) showed a higher value in 100 and 120 kVp protocols (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while high-contrast spatial resolution showed a higher value in 80 and 100 kVp protocols (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Low-contrast detectability and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) tended to increase when using high mAs, SNR, and the Clearview IR protocol. Noise decreased when using a high radiation dose and a high percentage of Clearview IR. CTDI_vol and DLP were increased with increasing kVp, mAs, and SNR levels, while the increasing percentage of Clearview did not affect the radiation dose. Optimized protocols, including radiation dose and image quality, should be evaluated to preserve diagnostic capability. The recommended parameter settings include kVp set between 100 and 120 kVp, mAs ranging from 200 to 300 mAs, SNR level within the range of 0.7–1.0, and an iterative reconstruction value of 30% Clearview to 60% or higher.

Eduard-Claudiu Gross

Photographer Felice Beato (1832-1909) was a pioneer of souvenir photography, a genre of photography that depicted foreign cultures for an unfamiliar audience. A type of photography that was popular in the 19th century, particularly in Japan, souvenir photography was created to export images of foreign cultures to people in the West. This article explores the historical implications of souvenir photography, the influence of Felice Beato on the genre, and how he represented Asian culture to people in the West. Beato’s work in Japan, China, and India allowed him to experiment with different types of photography, such as architectural, panoramic, and war photography. His photography was characterized by the use of panoramic and colorization techniques, which allowed him to capture the essence of the places he visited. His work contributed significantly to the emergence of souvenir photography as a genre, and his ability to convey the beauty of his subjects was widely recognized. Beato’s photography brought a part of Asian culture to the western population, and his images often portrayed what the westerns perceived as the exoticism of these cultures.

Kelly Midori McCormick

Dennis Siegel, Christian Kraetzer, Stefan Seidlitz et al.

DeepFake detection is a novel task for media forensics and is currently receiving a lot of research attention due to the threat these targeted video manipulations propose to the trust placed in video footage. The current trend in DeepFake detection is the application of neural networks to learn feature spaces that allow them to be distinguished from unmanipulated videos. In this paper, we discuss, with features hand-crafted by domain experts, an alternative to this trend. The main advantage that hand-crafted features have over learned features is their interpretability and the consequences this might have for plausibility validation for decisions made. Here, we discuss three sets of hand-crafted features and three different fusion strategies to implement DeepFake detection. Our tests on three pre-existing reference databases show detection performances that are under comparable test conditions (peak AUC > 0.95) to those of state-of-the-art methods using learned features. Furthermore, our approach shows a similar, if not better, generalization behavior than neural network-based methods in tests performed with different training and test sets. In addition to these pattern recognition considerations, first steps of a projection onto a data-centric examination approach for forensics process modeling are taken to increase the maturity of the present investigation.

Mikko E. Toivonen, Arto Klami

Knowledge of the spectral response of a camera is important in many applications such as illumination estimation, spectrum estimation in multi-spectral camera systems, and color consistency correction for computer vision. We present a practical method for estimating the camera sensor spectral response and uncertainty, consisting of an imaging method and an algorithm. We use only 15 images (four diffraction images and 11 images of color patches of known spectra to obtain high-resolution spectral response estimates) and obtain uncertainty estimates by training an ensemble of response estimation models. The algorithm does not assume any strict priors that would limit the possible spectral response estimates and is thus applicable to any camera sensor, at least in the visible range. The estimates have low errors for estimating color channel values from known spectra, and are consistent with previously reported spectral response estimates.

Claudio Rozzoni

The œuvreof Portuguese photographer Jorge Molder (Lisbon, 1947) can be construed as a series of series. These series are filled with a wealth of absent presences, of possibilities that arise and fade without ever reaching actualization or confirmation, thereby contributing to create a ‘detective-story’ atmosphere. This also proves to be true as regards Molder’s own body. Indeed, his face, his hands are recurrent “subjects” running through his 40 years of work. Even so, when we ask who the man is that we see in Molder’s series, the answer is problematic. On the one hand, we know it is “him”, insofar as he himself is the model for his iconic “constructions”. On the other hand, Molder’s images are not “self-portraits” aiming to reveal the essence of his self, but rather “self-representations” creating a peculiar “character” who is and yet is not him: a double.

Freya M. Mowat, Freya M. Mowat, Laurence M. Occelli et al.

Despite mutations in the rod phosphodiesterase 6-alpha (PDE6A) gene being well-recognized as a cause of human retinitis pigmentosa, no definitive treatments have been developed to treat this blinding disease. We performed a trial of retinal gene augmentation in the Pde6a mutant dog using Pde6a delivery by capsid-mutant adeno-associated virus serotype 8, previously shown to have a rapid onset of transgene expression in the canine retina. Subretinal injections were performed in 10 dogs at 29–44 days of age, and electroretinography and vision testing were performed to assess functional outcome. Retinal structure was assessed using color fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and histology. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine transgene expression and expression of other retinal genes. Treatment resulted in improvement in dim light vision and evidence of rod function on electroretinographic examination. Photoreceptor layer thickness in the treated area was preserved compared with the contralateral control vector treated or uninjected eye. Improved rod and cone photoreceptor survival, rhodopsin localization, cyclic GMP levels and bipolar cell dendrite distribution was observed in treated areas. Some adverse effects including foci of retinal separation, foci of retinal degeneration and rosette formation were identified in both AAV-Pde6a and control vector injected regions. This is the first description of successful gene augmentation for Pde6a retinitis pigmentosa in a large animal model. Further studies will be necessary to optimize visual outcomes and minimize complications before translation to human studies.

Ivone U S Leong, Alexander Stuckey, Tara Ahanian et al.

Darier disease is a rare and severe autosomal dominant skin disease characterised by malodorous keratotic papules in seborrheic areas of the skin. Darier disease affects up to 1 in 30 000 people and is caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, which encodes to the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase isoform 2 that pumps calcium into the endoplasmic reticulum. Although many ATP2A2 variants have been described, it is not known if genotype correlates with phenotype, which could be important for prognosis and treatment. This is the first study to use whole exome sequencing to screen the ATP2A2 gene in a cohort of 28 clinically diagnosed Darier disease patients. Twenty-one different disease causing variants were identified and 15 of these were novel. Sixteen of the 21 variants were predicted to be pathogenic using in silico prediction programs. There were seven missense, four intronic/splice-sites, three frameshifts, two in-frame deletions, four nonsense and one synonymous mutations. This study also found ten patients who harbour more than one ATP2A2 variant. The phenotype of the patient cohort was assessed by photography and by patient questionnaires. The genotype-phenotype association was examined for all variants in relation to the patient's disease severity score, and no correlation could be established.

Niura Legramante Ribeiro

This text proposes to investigate contemporary photography as reminiscence from the universe of painting taking as analysis object three studies of cases of photographical production: from American artist Joel-Peter Witkins, from the French duo of artists Bachelot Caron and from the Brazilian collective Cia de Foto. It’s possible to think that crossings of languages of pictophotographical matters used by those artists, show to us some questions as neopictorialism, the miscegenation, the “will to auratize”, the tableau photographique and the photography as “mutatis mutandis.”

Divna Vuksanović

The text examines the relationship “intimate”, “private” and “public” space in the field of contemporary media. Questioning begins with the medium photography, to complete the research in the field of activity of social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, for example. There has been, in fact, a large number of pornographic content is distributed through these networks. However, this is not just about the flood of pornographic content in these media venues, but also on their structure, that the use of technical means, to the coincidence of public and intimate space of action in the area of private property. Text funds criticism tries to point out the specific problem of abuse of public space in contemporary times.

Yuchen Ang, Li Jing Wong, Rudolf Meier

Many species descriptions, especially older ones, consist mostly of text and have few illustrations. Only the most conspicuous morphological features needed for species diagnosis and delimitation at the time of description are illustrated. Such descriptions can quickly become inadequate when new species or characters are discovered. We propose that descriptions should become more data-rich by presenting a large amount of images and illustrations to cover as much morphology as possible; these descriptions are more likely to remain adequate over time because their large amounts of visual data could capture character systems that may become important in the future. Such an approach can now be quickly and easily achieved given that high-quality digital photography is readily available. Here, we re-describe the sepsid fly Perochaeta orientalis (de Meijere 1913) (Diptera, Sepsidae) which has suffered from inadequate descriptions in the past, and use photomicrography, scanning electron microscopy and videography to document its external morphology and mating behaviour. All images and videos are embedded within the electronic publication. We discuss briefly benefits and problems with our approach.

Norbert Grube, Thomas Hermann, Sarah M. Schlachetzki et al.

Der vorliegende Artikel stellt das Webseiten-Projekt bildbild vor. Der Webseite liegt die Motivation zugrunde, Schülerinnen und Schüler für ein Nachdenken über globale Themen zu sensibilisieren. Ein solches Nachdenken ist immer auch eines über bildlich vermittelte Wirklichkeit. Es ist mit bildbild ein Anliegen, angesichts einer allseits konstatierten «Bilderflut» ein didaktisches Medium zu entwickeln, das einen Fundus an historischen und aktuellen Fotografien zur Verfügung stellt und diese so aufbereitet, dass sie gerade nicht hinter ihrer illustrativen Funktion verschwinden. Dadurch sollen die Bilder für ein selbständiges Lernen auf dem Weg hin zu einer visuellen Kompetenz einsetzbar gemacht werden. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung der Webseite vor dem Hintergrund kulturkritischer Haltungen zum Bild seit der Moderne sowie im Rahmen dessen, was seit den 1970er Jahren im pädagogischen Kontext als Visual Literacy diskutiert und gefördert wird. Dabei wird auch auf die medialen Potenziale einer Webseite für die Bildlesekompetenz von Jugendlichen eingegangen.