Hasil untuk "Philosophy (General)"

Wessely, Christian

The political demand that all results of university research be available through Open Access was a strategic decision that stakeholders have been required to embrace. However, Open Access is cost-free only for consumers, not for producers. Authors now need to not only produce excellent content but also secure financial support.Specific interest groups, in the interest of fair access to quality-assured publication, are establishing their own Open Access publication opportunities. This article sketches the emergence of the Open Access concept, its impact on the pressure to publish and career planning for young scholars, and the effort required to operate an Open Access journal (using the Journal of Religion, Film and Media as an example), focusing in particular on the workload associated with publishing one year’s output and the input/output relationship under current academic conditions.

Adinda Putra Hadiansyah

Model pembelajaran kooperatif STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) akan di implementasi pada tindakan penelitian ini guna melihat aadanyaada peningkatan hasil belajar. kajian ini merupakan penelitian kegiatan tindakan kelas yang direncanakan dengan 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari: perancangan, aksi, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini ditujukan pada siswa kelas X-9 SMA Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Surabaya yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Hasil penelitian pada siswa kelas X-9 SMA Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Surabaya ini menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar dengan memanfaatkan penerapan model pembelajaran STAD. Hal ini ditinjau melalui tindakan siklus I, dengan tingkat ketuntasan 35% bagi siswa yang tuntas 12 siswa dan tingkat ketidaktuntasan 65% bagi siswa yang tidak tuntas 22 siswa. Sebaliknya aspek kegiatan belajar siswa dari siklus awal sampai akhir siklus memberikan kontribusi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus II, dengan 29 siswa tuntas dengan persentase 85% dan 7 siswa gagal dengan persentase 15%.

Sabine Rousseau

Saiful Hadi

Salah satu diantara nilai pendidikan Islam yang universal adalah menubuhkan perilaku manusia eksistensi lingkungan yang ramah belajar khususnya di kampus, melalui upaya menjaga dan memelihara lingkungan bebas dari sampah plasik, salah satunya melalui mendesain nilai profetik pada “lingkungan fisik” dan “lingkungan sosial” yang ada di kampus, kedua unsur lingkungan tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan yang harus didesain agar ramah untuk belajar. Menubuhkan perilaku individu dan kelompok menjaga lingkungan yang ramah bebas plastik masih sedikit yang membahas, khususnya dari sudut pandang keagamaan, sedangkan yang ada kebanyakan meninjau dari sudut pandang keterampilan motorik mengelola plasstik.    Penelitian ini mengungkap perilaku sivitas akademika fakultas tarbiyah lingkungan bebas plastic, menggunakan ancangan desain partisipatoris pendampingan membangun program yang bersumber dari potensi sumberdaya manusia dan sumberdaya lainnya di lingkungan fakultas sehingga membntuk perilaku sivitas akademika memiliki “nir sadar”terhadap lingkungan fisik dan sosial di fakultas tarbiyah IAIN Madura. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu: a) menubuhkan kesadaran perilaku sivitas akademika fakultas tarbiyah IAIN Madura melalui; program tarbiyah berseri terintegrasi pemeliharaan lingkungan zero plastik, melakukan habituasi zero plastik oleh pimpinan kepada sicitas akademika di tarbiyah, penyiapan sarana sampah yang cukup, b) Implementasi penataan lingkungan zero plastik di fakultas tarbiyah IAIN Madura dengan pendampingan keterampilan mengolah sampah dan bahan plastik, penyiapan regulasi untuk mengurangi dan menggati bahan plastik, memasukkan nilai zero plastic dalam kurikulum pembelajaran Saran yang diberikan adalah a) kepada pimpinan fakultas hendaknya pendampingan kearah perubahan perilaku sadar bebas dari bahan dan sampah plastic dilakukan secara serius dan berkelanjutan, b) kepada sivitas akademika fakultas tarbiyah IAIN Madura mendukung usaha nir sadar agar menjaga lingkungan terbebas dari bahan dan sampah plastik.

Haibo Yu, Changli Yan, Lu Zhang et al.

This paper’s purpose is to test the employability paradox by adopting a combined linear and non-linear approach based on the conservation of resource (COR) theory and the prospect theory and further to discuss it in two groups of employees with different seniority following the career timetable perspective. A total of 623 pairs of matched employee and manager surveys was collected from 27 Chinese enterprises in two waves. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results show no paradox that perceived employability promotes both an employee’s turnover intention and performance. Specifically, perceived employability has a significant inverted U-shaped effect on turnover intention but no direct influence on job performance. Seniority is a moderator, showing the curvilinear relationship only exhibits for employees with shorter work seniority (≤3 years), and a positive linear relationship between perceived employability and job performance only exists for employees with longer seniority (>3 years). This study emphasizes the value of employability for employers and proposes who is more suitable and what timetable should be followed for employability enhancement in practice. In addition, the study provides an enlightening finding of the inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived employability and turnover intention, applies the COR theory and the prospect theory to explain the non-linear relationship, validates the effect of too much of a good thing (TMGT), and negates the paradox from the perspective of the perceived general employability and career timetable.

Nadezhda D. Subbotina

The problem of interethnic conflicts is currently one of the topics attracting the attention of researchers of various specialties – culturologists, anthropologists, historians, social psychologists and others. The purpose and main task of this study is to analyze from a philosophical point of view the dialectics of the natural and the social in ethnic relations and its manifestation in interethnic conflicts. Accordingly, the article uses dialectical and comparative approaches. The theoretical basis of the study is the author’s concept of the relationship between natural and social in society and a man, which made it possible to identify the structure of ethnic relations according to this criterion, to determine the differences between social-group and natural-group relations. Intragroup and intergroup relations, in which natural components prevail over social ones are designated by the concept of “natural-group relations” (NGR) introduced in the author’s methodology. The specific results of the research and the novelty are the discovery of the specificity of the manifestation of the patterns of natural group relations and the role of suggestion in interethnic conflicts. It is proved that the concept of “group centrism” is not enough for the analysis of groups, since it describes mainly the assessment of one’s group and its values, and the concept of “regularities of natural group relations” denotes the hierarchical structure of a group, mechanisms of forced identification (including by methods of education) and self-identification, intragroup and intergroup relationships, reasons for conformism, etc. The article proves that the symptoms of grouping thinking, which were identified by I. L. Janis in small closed groups, and which are a kind of (NGR) patterns, are manifested with some variations in large groups. It is concluded that authors studying group relations do not pay enough attention to the natural prerequisites for the formation of groups and grouping of thinking, the fact that, due to the need for survival, the desire to unite into groups, to form and protect the uniformity of thinking is inherent in our genetic programs and is supported by suggestion. he further part of the article is devoted to the analysis of two interethnic conflicts based on the developed methodology ‒ the Arab-Israeli and Uzbek-Kyrgyz and the forecast, as well as the possibility of overcoming them.

E. Mach, Sydney H. Waterlow, Coralie Williams

Roger Teichmann

The criteria for a learner’s understanding the words of a language include acting appropriately. In the case of Anscombean modals (e.g., ‘You have to φ’), these actions include whatever is specified in the modal statement (e.g., φ-ing). Teaching language means instilling not just abilities, but inclinations, to do certain things. With non-learners there is a default presumption of linguistic competence, and this explains how an adult can be said to understand ‘You have to φ’ while being generally disinclined to respond appropriately, i.e., by φ-ing. (Dishonesty.) It’s possible for it to become normal for the members of some societal group to fail to respond appropriately to modal statements; such a situation may be one of conceptual and practical confusion, with the sort of corresponding bad faith alleged by Anscombe in connection with the ‘moral ought’. Since understanding modal statements is manifested in forms of voluntary action, the internalist view that one only has reason to obey a rule if doing so is conducive to the satisfaction of one’s desires turns out to be incoherent.

Taqwa Taqwa, Muhammad Irfan Hasanuddin

Abstract[English]:  This paper describes the mediation of religion as seen in the important role of the As'adiyah pesantren. This paper used descriptive research method (descriptive research) obtained from the results of qualitative data processing through library data collection (library research), with an interdisciplinary approach method. The analysis was using a critical analytical method with descriptive aspects, namely content analysis using deductive, inductive and comparative analysis techniques on a number of theories, especially in producing scholarship and cadre of scholars in Southeast Asia in the 20th century in Bugis cultural and contextual setting. -Makassar South Sulawesi. This papere explains that in the 20th century there has been an intellectual dynamic that culminated in the formation of the Bugis ulama network of the 20th century. This intellectual network of scholars has a link with the source of scientific authority in Makkah-Medinah which was formed at the beginning of the 20th century. The scientific link between Bugis scholars, especially Gurutta HM As'ad (1907) with K.H. Hasyim Asyari (1871), Anwar Musaddad (Garut, 1903), Zain Mun'im (Probolinggo, 1906), Zainuddin Abdul Madjid (Sumbawa, 1908), Ali Maksum (Rembang, 1915). This proves that Gurutta H.M. As'ad was one of the links of the archipelago scientific network which contributed to the birth of 20th century Muslim intellectuals in the Bugis-Makassar Land of South Sulawesi. Abstrak[Indonesia]:  Paper ini menjelaskan tentang mediatisasi agama sebagaimana tampak dalam peran penting pesantren As’adiyah. Paper ini menggunakan metode descriptive research (penelitian deskriptif) yang diperoleh dari hasil pengolahan data secara kualitatif melalui pengumpulan data secara kepustakaan (library research), dengan metode pendekatan antar disipliner. Sedang analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode analitis kritis dengan aspek deskripsi, yakni analisis isi (content analysis) dengan menggunakan tehnik analisis deduktif, induktif dan komparatif terhadap sejumlah teori, Khususnya dalam memproduksi keilmuan dan pengkaderan ulama di Asia Tenggara abad ke 20 dalam latar budaya dan konteks Bugis-Makassar Sulawesi Selatan. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa pada abad 20 telah terjadi dinamika intelektual yang mengerucut pada terbentuk jaringan ulama Bugis abad ke 20. Jaringan intelektual ulama tersebut mempunyai mata rantai dengan sumber otoritas keilmuan di Makkah-Medinah yang terbentuk pada awal abad ke 20. Network keilmuan inilah yang mempertemukan mata rantai keilmuan antara ulama Bugis, khususnya Gurutta H.M. As’ad (1907) dengan K.H. Hasyim Asyari (1871), Anwar Musaddad (Garut, 1903), Zain Mun’im (Probolinggo, 1906), Zainuddin Abdul Madjid (Sumbawa, 1908), Ali Maksum (Rembang, 1915). Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa Gurutta H.M. As’ad merupakan salah satu link jaringan keilmuan Nusantara yang turut melahirkan intelektual muslim abad ke 20 di Tanah Bugis-Makassar Sulawesi Selatan. 

Candela López

Francesco Crapanzano

In my view, among the contributions related to De motu and its related issues, we may include Raffaello Caverni’s (1837-1900) confused, “lengthy” and not always accurate writing on the subject in his Histoire de la méthode expérimentale en Italie. The monumental work of the Tuscan priest was published in six formidable volumes (the last posthumously) and immediately met both praise and criticism. Leaving aside certain odd judgments and risky assumptions, the Caverni’s ideas on De motu can legitimately be considered as useful material. This is not so much the case for his “review” but rather for his reconstruction of the theoretical framework within which Galileo worked in order to hypothesize how he undertook the construction of the new physics and for a more accurate “history of effects”.

A. N. Pavlenko

The article shows that philosophy, after losing out its dominance as a form of man's relationship to the world in the 5-7 centuries AD, consistently becomes "a handmaiden of religion" (5-15 AD), and then "handmaiden of science '(18-20 centuries AD). It is also shown that the crisis of scientific rationality (20th century), suggests that science, as the dominated form of man's relationship to the world, is gradually giving their dominance to Technology. This process is manifested in the fact that " the volume of discovered reality " by science ceases to satisfy the needs of man, gives a way to " the volume of the constructed reality " by technology. With the advent of the dominance of technology, philosophy will inevitably come in the position of its maid. However, in a time when science is losing its dominance, and the technology has not been fully acquired it - there is a chance for philosophy to say its new word, as it has been during the change of dominance between religion and science in the 16-18 centuries. In paper presented explicitly three maxims of the religion, science and technology.

Nugroho Eko Atmanto

The purpose of education is to develop mutual respect, peace, and harmony. Education should be able to rebuild harmony and peace among its community members especially in conflict areas. This study examines the implementation of peace culture education through religious education in post-conflict area of Bengkayang district. It uses qualitative approach through interview, observation and document studies. The results show that the content of peace culture education has been delivered through religious education, namely Catholic and Christian religious education in accordance with its foundation background. The things that support the implementation of peace culture education are the curriculum content, school policy, and teacher competence. While the obstacles are a long history of conflict that is not easy to forget, the awareness of teacher on peace culture education and of people not to retell conflict and ethnic disgraces stories from generation to generation.

Saulius Kanišauskas

Andrius Bielskis. Apie filosofijos ir meno prasmę. Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio universitetas, 2015. 138 p. ISBN 978-9955-19-741-6

Antoinette Rouvroy, Bernard Stiegler

This text is a transcription of Rouvroy’s presentation on 7th October 2014 at the “Digital Studies” seminar series at the Centre Georges Pompidou. This seminar series, organised by the French philosopher Bernard Stiegler, question the influence of digital technologies on knowledge from an epistemological point of view and from the way they alter academic disciplines.

John R. Anderson, Franklin Boyle, G. Yost

Maureen A. O’Malley, Orkun S. Soyer

D. C. Merrill, B. Reiser, M. Ranney et al.

J. M. Buchanan, R. Musgrave

J. Self