O artigo tematiza o surgimento da fenomenologia hermenêutica colocando em relevo o debate em torno da metafísica nas primeiras décadas do século XX. O conjunto de ideias que Heidegger apresentou na década de 1920 é que daria uma resposta às promessas feitas pelos filósofos que anunciavam o ressurgimento da metafísica. Isto é, Heidegger surgira como a figura central que ouviria a voz dos que falavam em metafísica. Para compreendermos o contexto e o sentido do projeto heideggeriano, é preciso tomá-lo em contraste com a fenomenologia transcendental husserliana, bem como interpretar a metafísica resultante da fenomenologia como o segundo caminho de Aristóteles
As an extension of the Problem of Evil, the Problem of Hell poses further difficulties for the theodicy and eschatology of Western theist religions. This Problem of Hell, which presumes a transcendent divine entity, is, however, less applicable to an Eastern religious tradition like Buddhism. As a non-theist religion, Buddhism is not centered on an overpowering God but is predicated on the doctrine of kamma. Hell in Buddhism is conceived as one of the rebirth realms in the <i>saṃsāra</i> where beings are driven to by the force of their kamma. This kamma-based conception of hell has its own unique features, especially with regard to retribution and salvation. It also has a unique problem. As the doctrine of kamma is commonly understood as an endorsement of free will, it appears to conflict with another Buddhist doctrine, namely that of dependent origination, which is often interpreted as suggesting a deterministic worldview. This tension between doctrines of kamma and dependent origination is also known as the Buddhist free will problem, as it involves the controversy over the metaphysics of free will. Based on the Pāli scriptures, the essay tries to propose a compatibilist solution to the problem, defending kamma for the Buddhist hell.
This article presents the results of an analysis of the character system and plot-forming conflicts in the novel by Andrei Turgenev (Vyacheslav Kuritsyn) “Sleep and Believe. Blockade Novel.” The overall state of military-historical prose at the turn of the 20-21 centuries was examined. The main historical myths about the blockade were characterized. An overview of researchers' perspectives on the genre, plot, and poetics of this work was conducted. It was established that A. Turgenev’s novel is part of a postmodern historical discourse, where the metaphysics of the “Petersburg text” intertwines with the most odious myths about the Leningrad blockade (abuses of leadership, arbitrariness of People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR, cannibalism, etc.). Analysis of the text allows us to assert that the central myth and main character of the novel is Marat Kirov, a fictional secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee. He embodies current historical myths about the blockade, as well as about the real leaders of Leningrad — S.M. Kirov and A.A. Zhdanov. In depicting Kirov, the author widely uses contrast and hyperbolization techniques, as well as numerous references to the “Petersburg text.” As a result, the degree of hyperbolization and demonization fostered by A. Turgenev actualizes the traumatic experience of the entire Soviet history and allows associating the image of the fantastic Marat Kirov with Peter the Great.
Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages
La parte de los crímenes, a section of Bolaño’s novel 2666, is taken here as part of a reflection on leftist melancholy, reading the text with Elías Palti’s contributions on the epistemic debacle of the left after the 1989/1991 cycle. The aim is to articulate a post-metaphysical reading of the closure of the present in presentism, where the motif of melancholy goes hand in hand with a barbaric femicide thanatopolitics. Rather than sociologically naturalising the forms and objects of predation in the context of an already savage capitalism with a fascist tradition, the reading of the horizon of the left here situates the field of action in language itself as a place of deactivation of a renewed and uncomfortable “grey zone”.
Literature (General), French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
This essay seeks to trace and investigate ecologically inflected concepts in Jeanette Winterson’s Art & Lies. The general tendency in ecological and ecocritical analyses has long been a selective focus on how nature is represented in literary texts; however, the ecological crisis, globalization, and technological factors that drive environmental degradation are all tethered at the root to preliminary concepts relating to human behaviours, beliefs, values, and expectations. This essay maintains that the diagnoses should begin at the level of culture since it is at that level that ecological problems begin to germinate. Through a discussion that draws on Federico Campagna’s Technic and Magic: The Reconstruction of Reality, this essay performs a thematic reading of Art & Lies. Using Campagna’s elucidation of the metaphysical assumptions that inform environmentally destructive practices, it argues that Art & Lies draws attention to these assumptions and identifies in them an obstacle to raising ecological awareness. Additionally, by employing an approach that draws on ecocritical scholarship, this essay discusses how formal and linguistic experimentation in Art & Lies inscribes ecological viewpoints and attempts the mission of redress that could benefit a more ecologically attuned future.
History (General) and history of Europe, English literature
Abstract
American secularization is considered an exceptional case in the Western world because of, on the one hand, the softer way it seems to have occurred in relation to other Western countries and, on the other, the fusion which is done among Judeo-Christian traditions into what is known as American civil religion. The point proposed before is problematic and needs to be called into question under the light of both the revisions made to the secularization theory by scholars such as Casanova through the interpretation of empirical data collected in the world about the religiosity of people and the multiple works published about the use of “sacred” language in American public life. However, this paper takes those problematic dimensions for granted to delve into what can be considered another secular human endeavor endowed with a religious spirit, namely: the spirit of Silicon Valley. This new secular-sacred narrative is not just American but is being exported as a narrative with “Messianic” traces that seem to aspire to embrace the whole world. Thus, this article explores the origins and evolution of this narrative in the United States, on the one hand, and the expansion of what can be considered a “salvation” ideology abroad, on the other.
Keywords: phenomenology, metaphysics, donation, affectivity, hermeneutics, theology.
Resumen
La secularización estadounidense se considera un caso excepcional en el mundo occidental debido, por un lado, a la forma más suave en que parece haberse producido en relación con otros países occidentales y, por otro, a la fusión que se realiza entre las tradiciones judeocristianas en lo que se conoce como religión civil estadounidense. El punto propuesto anteriormente es problemático y debe ser puesto en cuestión a la luz tanto de las revisiones realizadas a la teoría de la secularización por estudiosos como Casanova a través de la interpretación de los datos empíricos recogidos en el mundo sobre la religiosidad de las personas como de los múltiples trabajos publicados sobre el uso del lenguaje "sagrado" en la vida pública estadounidense. Sin embargo, este trabajo da por sentadas esas dimensiones problemáticas para ahondar en lo que puede considerarse otra empresa humana secular dotada de espíritu religioso, a saber: el espíritu de Silicon Valley. Esta nueva narrativa secular-sagrada no es sólo estadounidense, sino que se está exportando como una narrativa con trazos "mesiánicos" que parece aspirar a abarcar el mundo entero. Así, este artículo explora los orígenes y la evolución de esta narrativa en Estados Unidos, por un lado, y la expansión de lo que puede considerarse una ideología de "salvación" en el extranjero, por otro.
Palabras clave: fenomenología, metafísica, donación, afectividad, hermenéutica, teología.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.17398/2340-4256.16.379
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0562-3800
Bernard Stiegler has undertaken a renovation of philosophical concepts by taking
account of thermodynamic and informational entropy and the counter-entropic
tendencies that struggle against them. Such a renovation brings the question of
locality into new focus, given the localized character of all such struggles, where this
is distributed at various scales from the cellular to the biospheric and technospheric.
This paper pursues this question of locality in two parts: the first finds resources for such a renovation in Empedocles, and notes how these were repressed by Aristotle
but resurrected by Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Nietzsche; the second stages a
confrontation between Stiegler and Peter Sloterdijk, asking under what conditions the
latter’s immunological spherology could be brought into Stiegler’s project, which we
place under the umbrella of what we are proposing to call metacosmics.
This is the second part of the article (the first part see in Orientalistica [1]. It comprises the analysis of the approach made by Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037) to the «Metaphysics» by Aristotle. This approach was aimed to reconsider the work by Aristotle from the point of view of monotheism and shape the metaphysics as rigorous scientific discipline. The author focuses on the analysis of the introductory chapters to the «Theology / Metaphysics» (al-Ilāhiyyāt) of Avicennian encyclopedia «The Healing» (ash-Shifā’), which sets out the philosopher’s attitude on the essence of metaphysics as a science, primarily its subject matter and goal to achieve.
For understanding origin and grounds of Hegel’s Logic, in addition to Science of Logic as main source employed by interpretations, we need to analyze First Hegel’s logical Treatise in his Jena period. There is no interpretation of this treatise available in Farsi while the English sources on the interpretation of the text are also scarce. The current paper will try to provide an account on process of the genesis of Hegel’s Jena Logic for the first time in Farsi. Thus, at first, it will consider the system as a whole briefly and then it will analyze three constituent parts of Jena’s Logic – ‘Simple Connection’, ‘Relation’, and ‘Proportion’, depending on English translation of the text (translated by Hegel Society of America). Finally, the study deals with a comprehensive outline of the remaining parts of the Hegel's System of Jena (such as Metaphysics, Philosophy of Nature and Philosophy of Spirit).
This article is going to study the relevant interpretation of stoic logic. Regarding this, first of all two main views with regard to the conditional propositions in stoic logic are examined. According to the first view which is emphasized by Becker and Egli the conditional proposition used in syntactic system of stoic logic is Philonic while based on the second view which is presented by some people such as Stopper, Nasieniewski, and Barnes this conditional proposition is the relevant conditional proposition. The first view has confronted important challenges including the paradoxes of material requirement of which the Stoics are aware and were working to fix them in their logical system. But the second view not only does not have the paradoxes of material requirements but also resolves the paradoxes of strict requirements. Therefore, in the second part of the article, according to Nasieniewski, the relevant formulation of conditional part of stoic logic is presented, and finally based on the left stoic sources, we are going to study the problems of such an interpretation
I argue that dependence is neither necessary nor sufficient for relative fundamentality. I then introduce the notion of 'likeness in nature' and provide an account of relative fundamentality in terms of it and the notion of dependence. Finally, I discuss some puzzles that arise in Aristotle's Categories, to which the theory developed is applied.
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the difference between Emanuele Severino’s philosophical discourse and that of Massimo Cacciari by analyzing those fundamental concepts – such as “Destino”, “Elenchos” and the Principle of non-contradiction (PDNC) – which are the core of their philosophies. We also propose this essay as an introduction to the complex interview with Emanuele Severino, also published on this issue, since it investigate the same range of philosophical themes.
L'autore rilegge due saggi, Che cos'è l’Illuminismo, di Kant, e il celebre commento omonimo fornitone da Foucault, mettendo alla prova la tesi che la filosofia coincida ogni volta con l'invenzione di un inedito spazio pubblico, e di una correlativa figura dello spazio privato. Non si tratterebbe, così, di meditare nostalgicamente sul declino di alcuni dei luoghi in cui la parola critica della filosofia ha “fatto comunità” in un passato più o meno recente, ma di chiedersi dove, oggi, l’esercizio filosofico e il contatto bruciante con il reale che esso sembra offrire stiano nuovamente, sorgivamente, anche se forse oscuramente, delineando possibilità d’azione e inedite realtà comuni.