Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Nurul Hasnie Hassiza W Hassan, Naresh Kumar Samy

Introduction: Human resource (HR) managers shoulder numerous workforce restructurings to mitigate escalating problems before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and ensure business performance stability. Like other functional managers, HR managers undergo pressures that push them to high work stress, leading to work-related burnout (WBO). Although the issues are essential, the lack of highlights in media reduces research attention and fact reporting. This study explores the function of spiritual intelligence (SQ) and emotional labour strategies (deep and surface acting) in mitigating HR managers’ WBO. Methods: A stratified random sampling method and a validated self-administered online survey enabled the voluntary participation and analysis of 311 HR managers from ISO 9001-certified manufacturing companies in Malaysia. Results: The results suggest that SQ increases emotional labour deep-acting (ELDA) and limits surface-acting (ELSA), significantly reducing WBO. Testing for the indirect effects reveals that ELDA and ELSA mediate the association between SQ and WBO, which signifies the importance of emotional labour strategies. Conclusion: The findings benefit manufacturing industry management by helping them better understand the role of SQ and emotional labour strategies in reducing the escalation of WBO among HR managers. Managing directors can utilise the present study to evaluate their company’s procedures, make necessary reforms, improve workplace culture, and provide better support for the HR managers who can shoulder significant staffing management without getting into burnout. Implications for relevant industries and future research directions are proposed.

Yuliana Duwi Kusuma Wardhani

Introduction: Data Report Safety Performance Indicator for Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) in 2018 recorded 2 deaths at the company and 29 deaths occurred to the contractors, with Fatal Accident Rate (FAR) in the company of 0.31 accidents per 1 million working hours and in contractors of 1.20 accidents per 1 million work hours. PT Pupuk Kujang as a petrochemical company has a high-risk of implementation of Contractor Safety Management Systemn (CSMS) to protect safety of contractors. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS). Methods: This study was a descriptive study with an observational method for data collection, and this study was cross-sectional. The variable studied was Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) including CSMS stages and documents. Results: PT Pupuk Kujang has implemented six stages for the implementation of Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS), namely identification and risk assessment, prequalification, selection, initial work activities, assessment during work, and final assessment of work. However, some shortcomings were observed in the implementation of pre-qualification stage where before being declared to have passed the pre-qualification assessment stage, a local contractor has been appointed as the winner of the tender. Conclusion: The implementation of Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) at PT Pupuk Kujang still does not run well because there are deficiencies in the prequalification stage. Keywords: contractor safety management system, pt pupuk kujang, prequalification

Ulrike Luderer, Jinhwan Lim, Laura Ortiz et al.

Abstract Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure accelerates atherosclerosis and contains known ovotoxic chemicals. However, effects of exposure to PM2.5 on the finite ovarian follicle pool have hardly been investigated, nor have interactions between ovarian and cardiovascular effects. We hypothesized that subchronic inhalation exposure to human-relevant concentrations of PM2.5 results in destruction of ovarian follicles via apoptosis induction, as well as accelerated recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing pool. Further, we hypothesized that destruction of ovarian follicles enhances the adverse cardiovascular effects of PM2.5 in females. Results Hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E (Apoe) null ovary-intact or ovariectomized female mice and testis-intact male mice were exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 or filtered air for 12 weeks, 5 days/week for 4 h/day using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system. Primordial, primary, and secondary ovarian follicle numbers were decreased by 45%, 40%, and 17%, respectively, in PM2.5-exposed ovary-intact mice compared to controls (P < 0.05). The percentage of primary follicles with granulosa cells positive for the mitosis marker Ki67 was increased in the ovaries from PM2.5-exposed females versus controls (P < 0.05), consistent with increased recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing pool. Exposure to PM2.5 increased the percentages of primary and secondary follicles with DNA damage, assessed by γH2AX immunostaining (P < 0.05). Exposure to PM2.5 increased the percentages of apoptotic antral follicles, determined by TUNEL and activated caspase 3 immunostaining (P < 0.05). Removal of the ovaries and PM2.5-exposure exacerbated the atherosclerotic effects of hyperlipidemia in females (P < 0.05). While there were statistically significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate variability in PM2.5-compared to Air-exposed gonad-intact males and females and ovariectomized females, the changes were not consistent between exposure years and assessment methods. Conclusions These results demonstrate that subchronic PM2.5 exposure depletes the ovarian reserve by increasing recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing pool and increasing apoptosis of growing follicles. Further, PM2.5 exposure and removal of the ovaries each increase atherosclerosis progression in Apoe-/- females. Premature loss of ovarian function is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease in women. Our results thus support possible links between PM2.5 exposure and other adverse health outcomes in women.

Yu-Teng Jheng, Denise Utami Putri, Hsiao-Chi Chuang et al.

Abstract Background Exposure to air pollution exerts direct effects on respiratory organs; however, molecular alterations underlying air pollution-induced pulmonary injury remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of air pollution on the lung tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats with whole-body exposure to traffic-related PM1 (particulate matter < 1 μm in aerodynamic diameter) pollutants and compared it with that in rats exposed to high-efficiency particulate air–filtered gaseous pollutants and clean air controls for 3 and 6 months. Lung function and histological examinations were performed along with quantitative proteomics analysis and functional validation. Results Rats in the 6-month PM1-exposed group exhibited a significant decline in lung function, as determined by decreased FEF25–75% and FEV20/FVC; however, histological analysis revealed earlier lung damage, as evidenced by increased congestion and macrophage infiltration in 3-month PM1-exposed rat lungs. The lung tissue proteomics analysis identified 2673 proteins that highlighted the differential dysregulation of proteins involved in oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, calcium signalling, inflammatory responses, and actin dynamics under exposures to PM1 and gaseous pollutants. The presence of PM1 specifically enhanced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions under subchronic exposure to traffic-related PM1 and suppressed glucose metabolism and actin cytoskeleton signalling. These factors might lead to repair failure and thus to lung function decline after chronic exposure to traffic-related PM1. A detailed pathogenic mechanism was proposed to depict temporal and dynamic molecular regulations associated with PM1- and gaseous pollutants-induced lung injury. Conclusion This study explored several potential molecular features associated with early lung damage in response to traffic-related air pollution, which might be used to screen individuals more susceptible to air pollution.

Huizhen Zheng, Zonglin Gu, Yanxia Pan et al.

Abstract Background Disruption of microbiota balance may result in severe diseases in animals and phytotoxicity in plants. While substantial concerns have been raised on engineered nanomaterial (ENM) induced hazard effects (e.g., lung inflammation), exploration of the impacts of ENMs on microbiota balance holds great implications. Results This study found that rare earth oxide nanoparticles (REOs) among 19 ENMs showed severe toxicity in Gram-negative (G−) bacteria, but negligible effects in Gram-positive (G+) bacteria. This distinct cytotoxicity was disclosed to associate with the different molecular initiating events of REOs in G− and G+ strains. La2O3 as a representative REOs was demonstrated to transform into LaPO4 on G− cell membranes and induce 8.3% dephosphorylation of phospholipids. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the dephosphorylation induced more than 2-fold increments of phospholipid diffusion constant and an unordered configuration in membranes, eliciting the increments of membrane fluidity and permeability. Notably, the ratios of G−/G+ reduced from 1.56 to 1.10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the mice with La2O3 exposure. Finally, we demonstrated that both IL-6 and neutrophil cells showed strong correlations with G−/G+ ratios, evidenced by their correlation coefficients with 0.83 and 0.92, respectively. Conclusions This study deciphered the distinct toxic mechanisms of La2O3 as a representative REO in G− and G+ bacteria and disclosed that La2O3-induced membrane damages of G− cells cumulated into pulmonary microbiota imbalance exhibiting synergistic pulmonary toxicity. Overall, these findings offered new insights to understand the hazard effects induced by REOs.

Juha Häikiö, Johanna Kallio, Satu-Marja Mäkelä et al.

Occupational safety and health is traditionally a challenging area in the labor-intensive construction industry as accidents at work and non-ergonomic work conditions lead to absences and premature retirement of construction workers. Recently, the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its accompanying technologies (e.g. wearable technologies) has enhanced interest in the occupational safety and health of construction work. The level of technology acceptance among construction workers is a crucial element in the adoption of these technologies. The main objectives of this study are to enhance understanding about construction workers’ attitudes towards IoT-based data-intensive work safety and wellbeing solutions and to identify factors that can promote technology adoption. Data for the study was collected through an online survey of 4385 construction workers. Based on the survey data it seems that construction workers would accept the sharing and utilizing data collected from them in the worksite environment if it could help identify employee personal health risks or promote personal and colleagues' occupational safety. Respondents were most concerned about privacy and security regarding wearables in the workplace. It can be concluded that user acceptance and trust building are key components in the adoption of IoT-based occupational safety and health solutions. Future studies should investigate methods for actively involving construction workers in the design and development process of IoT-based work safety solutions and examine technological solutions that promote trust building among construction workers.

Ike Puspitasari singgih Putri, Tri Martiana, Firman Suryadi Rahman

Introduction: Contact dermatitis is inflammation caused by substance which attaches to the skin. This contact dermatitis is divided into two, which are irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of contact dermatitis that occurred in translucent farmers in Ambulu village, Ambulu District, Jember district. Methods: The type of this research was observational analytic research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 61 tobacco farmers of ambulu village, taken by simple random sampling technique to obtain 53 tobacco farmers. The independent variables in this study were tenure, the frequency of contact, the duration of contact and age. The dependent variable was contact dermatitis. The test used to determine whether there was a relationship was the Chi-Square test. The results of this study were the results of frequency analysis of tobacco farmer contacts having a p-value of 0.020 smaller than 0.05 it is means that there was a relationship. The duration of contact p-value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05 so that there was a relationship between contact time and contact dermatitis. For the work period variables, there was not a relationship with contact dermatitis with p-value 0.210 greater than 0.05, while for the results of the age analysis obtained a p-value of 0.455 so that there was no relationship between over and contact dermatitis. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the frequency of contact and the duration of contact with contact dermatitis whereas for the working period and age there is no relationship with contact dermatitis   Keywords: contact dermatitis, tobacco farmers

Yhanna Porto Sereno Cabral, Claudia Reinoso Araujo de Carvalho, Monica Villaça Gonçalves

El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar las tendencias de los estudios más recientes en el área de Terapia Ocupacional en Geriatría y Gerontología, teniendo como base dos revistas brasileras de Terapia Ocupacional. La metodología empleada fue la revisión de alcance de artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2015 en las revistas Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional y Revista de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade de São Paulo. Los artículos identificados se analizaron a partir de las principales temáticas que abordan, definidas después de revisar su contenido: instrumentos evaluativos y protocolos; formación profesional; enfoques, técnicas y recursos terapéuticos; cuidadores de adultos mayores. Se concluye que, a pesar del pequeño número de publicaciones, el área ha sido abordada de diversas formas por los terapeutas ocupacionales, reflejando diferentes posibilidades de actuación, aunque enfocadas en el campo de la salud. Se señala que existen brechas que requieren ser llenadas, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la comprensión del proceso de envejecimiento como un fenómeno social.

Deise Luiza da Silva Ferraz, Paula Cristina de Moura Fernandes

Neste texto, objetivamos analisar os conteúdos presentes na definição de sentido(s) do trabalho que possuem maior influência no campo das ciências sociais aplicadas no Brasil. Para tanto, efetuamos uma análise imanente dos artigos mais referenciados na área, identificados por meio de um estudo bibliométrico nos portais Capes, Spell e Scielo, entre os anos de 2000 a 2017. A partir do levantamento bibliométrico, foi constatado que os estudos acerca do sentido do trabalho possuem dois autores basilares: Estelle Morin e Ricardo Antunes. Para Morin, o trabalho só adquire sentido se houver a intensificação do trabalho e ele for produtivo para o capital; para Antunes, o trabalho só tem sentido para além do capital. Por isso, é epistemologicamente incoerente dialogar os dois autores em um mesmo trabalho, pois um afirma o status quo e o outro o nega. A compreensão emanada dos textos analisados permitiu reafirmarmos a necessidade de resgatar a categoria “trabalho” em sua particularidade histórica, defendermos a postura filosófica da determinação ontoprática do pensamento e propormos reflexões sobre uma agenda de pesquisa.

Sergio Adalberto Franco Chávez, Mario Salazar Paramo, María de los Angeles Aguilera Velazco et al.

Introducción: Las enfermedades secundarias a trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en el trienio 2014-2016 en Jalisco, México, sumaron un total de 63 casos, de los cuales 32 en hombres y 31 en mujeres. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de las enfermedades de trabajo por trastornos mentales y de la conducta, durante el trienio en el Estado de Jalisco, México. Material y método: La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativa y se caracterizó por ser retrospectiva y comparativa. Resultados: Se reportaron 12 casos de enfermedades de trabajo, según la ocupación, naturaleza de la lesión, trastornos mentales y de comportamiento en el año 2014, en los trabajadores de servicio de apoyo a la producción, de los cuales 5 fueron hombres y 7 mujeres. En el año 2015, en los trabajadores soldadores y oxicortadores, se reportaron 6 casos en hombres, y en barrenderos y trabajadores de limpieza (excepto en hoteles y restaurantes) 6 casos, 2 en hombres y 4 en mujeres. En el año 2016, en los trabajadores soldadores y oxicortadores, fueron 7 casos en hombres, y en barrenderos y trabajadores de limpieza (excepto en hoteles y restaurantes) 7 casos, 1 en hombres y 6 en mujeres. Conclusión: Es necesario establecer estrategias dentro del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social dirigidas a promover programas de prevención de las enfermedades por salud mental de los trabajadores, con el fin de proporcionar una atención integral, a partir de la clasificación de los riesgos de trabajo, con una división que incluya los aspectos de carácter eminentemente de la salud mental respecto de la salud física.

Andrea Yupanqui

Angélica María Monsalve Robayo

.

Mónica Palacios Tolvett

Se presenta una reflexión desde el curso Ocupación Humana II, en pregrado, y desde una de las líneas de investigación del Magíster de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Andrés Bello de Chile, respecto a las nociones de cultura, socialización, cotidianidad, y sus relaciones con ocupación, en tanto producción y reproducción social. En el desarrollo del magíster se ha discutido esta relación con la cultura como espacio en disputa en la producción de subjetividad e intersubjetividad acerca de situaciones sociales de exclusión y vulnerabilidad. Así mismo, como una entrada para comprender los valores, creencias y cate- gorizaciones de los procesos de salud - enfermedad y la intervención de Terapia Ocupacional. El vínculo entre ocupación y cultura no siempre es visible para el terapeuta ocupacional, la tendencia a banalizar e invisibilizar estas relaciones en los actos de la vida cotidiana, incluida la intervención, está presente en nuestras acciones y produce ciertas maneras de subjetivar al otro y a nosotros mismos. Reflexionar sobre estos procesos nos ayudaría como terapeutas ocupacionales a generar intervenciones situadas cultural mente, a comprender la ocupación sujeta a ciertas condiciones producidas en los procesos de socialización y en las condiciones concretas de la vida cotidiana.

Jean Gajardo, José Miguel Aravena

El uso de transporte es una actividad de vital importancia para las personas mayores como elemento promotor de autonomía y participación social. El transporte urbano con frecuencia no es planificado con templando las necesidades particulares que este grupo social puede presentar, lo que puede favorecer dificultades en el desempeño durante el uso de transporte. Para el logro de un desempeño adaptativo en la actividad interactúan elementos personales, como el estado de salud y el estado funcional, con elementos ambientales, como la accesibilidad física y las actitudes de los pasajeros. Este trabajo describe el marco conceptual y metodológico implicado en el desarrollo de un instrumento de valoración que permite conocer el desempeño de las personas mayores en el uso de transporte público (EVADUT-AM). Para su diseño, se consideró hallazgos cualitativos previamente desarrollados a partir de las experiencias en uso de transporte de personas mayores que viven en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. El instrumento está compuesto por las dimensiones preparación, acceso, y uso del transporte público. Finalmente, el artículo presenta la escala de valoración y sus instrucciones de aplicación, con el propósito de aportar con un insumo para la práctica disciplinar gerontológica. De igual modo, plantea oportunidades para la continuidad del trabajo a partir de un abordaje cuantitativo que permita validar el instrumento y evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas.

Vivian Neumann C., Karla Hernández P.

La terapia ocupacional es una disciplina socio sanitaria difícil de definir y explicar por su amplio espectro de acción, diversos autores han hecho distintas definiciones de ésta, sin embargo aún cuesta que la sociedad general entienda y conozca el significado de esta profesión, que desde un enfoque contemporáneo está centrada en la participación ocupacional de las personas. (Crepeau, 2011) Tiene como objetivo principal dotar a los individuos, organizaciones o poblaciones que interviene, de los recursos necesarios para su bienestar ocupacional, aprovechando todas las capacidades individuales, colectivas, los recursos cotidianos y el entorno para esto. Según los planteamientos de la Asociación Americana de Terapia Ocupacional, la terapia ocupacional asegura el compromiso con la justicia ocupacional (Aviles, 2010) de las personas, lo cual quiere decir, que indistinto de las características de la situación de discapacidad que presenta una persona, éstas tienen el derecho a lograr participar de las ocupaciones humanas. Esto se vincula con un concepto mayor, propio a la característica de humanidad de nuestra especie, la cual se denomina dignidad humana, a partir de estos dos términos, la experiencia clínica y académica de las autoras en intervención de personas con secuelas secundarias a daño neurológico severo, generan el concepto Dignidad Ocupacional, que hace referencia a que toda persona tiene derecho a disfrutar dignamente de experiencias ocupacionales a pesar de no contar con las destrezas de desempeño necesarias para involucrarse en ellas de manera independiente.

Schmidt Annette M, van Schooten Frederik-Jan, Haberzettl Petra et al.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Inhalation of (nano)particles may lead to pulmonary inflammation. However, the precise mechanisms of particle uptake and generation of inflammatory mediators by alveolar macrophages (AM) are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between particles and AM and their associated pro-inflammatory effects in relation to particle size and physico-chemical properties.</p> <p>NR8383 rat lung AM were treated with ultrafine (uf), fine (f) TiO₂or fine crystalline silica (DQ12 quartz). Physico-chemical particle properties were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetry. Aggregation and agglomeration tendency of the particles were determined in assay-specific suspensions by means of dynamic light scattering.</p> <p>All three particle types were rapidly taken up by AM. DQ12 and ufTiO₂, but not fTiO₂, caused increased extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA expression and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α release. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression was increased most strongly by ufTiO₂, while DQ12 exclusively triggered interleukin (IL) 1β release. However, oscillations of intracellular calcium concentration and increased intracellular ROS were observed with all three samples. Uptake inhibition experiments with cytochalasin D, chlorpromazine and a Fcγ receptor II (FcγRII) antibody revealed that the endocytosis of fTiO₂by the macrophages involves actin-dependent phagocytosis and macropinocytosis as well as clathrin-coated pit formation, whereas the uptake of ufTiO₂was dominated by FcγIIR. The uptake of DQ12 was found to be significantly reduced by all three inhibitors. Our findings suggest that the contrasting AM responses to fTiO₂, ufTiO₂and DQ12 relate to differences in the involvement of specific uptake mechanisms.</p>

Ji Young Park, G. Ramachandran, P. Raynor et al.

A. Madl, S. Gaffney, J. Balzer et al.

M. MacLeod, P. Ekins, R. Vanner et al.

Ladefoged Ole, Vogel Ulla, Jensen Keld et al.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The toxic and inflammatory potential of 5 different types of nanoparticles were studied in a sensitive model for pulmonary effects in apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE^-/-). We studied the effects instillation or inhalation Printex 90 of carbon black (CB) and compared CB instillation in ApoE-/- and C57 mice. Three and 24 h after pulmonary exposure, inflammation was assessed by mRNA levels of cytokines in lung tissue, cell composition, genotoxicity, protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Firstly, we found that intratracheal instillation of CB caused far more pulmonary toxicity in ApoE^-/-mice than in C57 mice. Secondly, we showed that instillation of CB was more toxic than inhalation of a presumed similar dose with respect to inflammation in the lungs of ApoE^-/-mice. Thirdly, we compared effects of instillation in ApoE^-/-mice of three carbonaceous particles; CB, fullerenes C₆₀(C₆₀) and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as well as gold particles and quantum dots (QDs). Characterization of the instillation media revealed that all particles were delivered as agglomerates and aggregates. Significant increases in <it>Il-6, Mip-2 </it>and <it>Mcp-1 </it>mRNA were detected in lung tissue, 3 h and 24 h following instillation of SWCNT, CB and QDs. DNA damage in BAL cells, the fraction of neutrophils in BAL cells and protein in BAL fluid increased statistically significantly. Gold and C₆₀particles caused much weaker inflammatory responses.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data suggest that ApoE^-/-model is sensitive for evaluating particle induced inflammation. Overall QDs had greatest effects followed by CB and SWCNT with C₆₀and gold being least inflammatory and DNA-damaging. However the gold was used at a much lower mass dose than the other particles. The strong effects of QDs were likely due to Cd release. The surface area of the instilled dose correlated well the inflammatory response for low toxicity particles.</p>