Stories of hidden treasure are different from other folkloric forms as in the Estonian folk tradition the motif of money is present in all genres. Monetary relations are discussed in proverbs and riddles. The problems of poverty and wealth are present in fairy tales. Opinions and dreams concerning money are verbalised in poetic forms in folk songs. People know and still practice various methods, partly based on traditional beliefs, that are known to bring good luck in money. The techniques of old magic meet modern recommendations of various kinds. In this article, the focus is on tradition relating to stories of hidden treasure. The legends and other stories (about 5,000 archive texts and recordings) are kept in the Estonian Folklore Archives and date back to the 19th and 20th centuries, although there are more recent materials. We can find three main fields in this tradition, depending on their connection with reality: 1) stories based in fact and on a real event, as evidenced by for example an archaeological find; 2) narratives that are part of local historical and toponymic traditions representing mental geography; 3) unlocalised stories that do not represent folk beliefs or legends and instead deal with more general questions such as what the real price of economic growth is, what consequences humans can face when luck smiles on them, what dangers – including supernatural sanctions – threaten people, and what consequences can be expected when they come into contact with treasures of unknown origin.
The relevance of this article lies in the need to construct a comprehensive history of the development of comedy in contemporary Kazakhstani literature, of which the works of Ermek Tursunov are an integral part. The author explores various approaches to the study of irony, satire, and humor, including philosophical (G. Hegel, F. Schlegel), cultural (A. Bergson, B. Dzemidok, M. M. Bakhtin, D. S. Likhachev, Y. Borev, A. M. Panchenko, N. V. Ponyrko, V. Ya. Karasev), and philological (V. Tyupa, V. Propp, M. Yu. Asanina, I. A. Obukhova, S. A. Dubrovskaya). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that Tursunov’s stories are analyzed for the first time in the declared aspect. The research has established that, firstly, irony becomes an important means of comedy in Tursunov’s collection of stories “Karashanyrak”. Secondly, non-direct speech ironically exposes the hero’s surrounding world (“How Kazakhs believed in omens”). Thirdly, there is an orientation towards Chekhov’s humorous tradition (“How Kazakhs received guests”, “How brides became wives”). Fourthly, the writer’s humor relies on national Kazakhstani traditions of comedy embodied in folklore (“How Kazakhs organized noisy performances”). Finally, one of the ways of constructing a comedic plot in Tursunov’s stories is through the synthesis of an anecdote with elements of satire. This study offers new insights into the role of comedy in contemporary Kazakhstani literature and contributes to the broader understanding of humor as a literary device.
Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages
This paper is the first in a three-part series or tryptic that argues for the Old Germanic origins of rhyme in the Old Norse dróttkvætt meter. This meter requires rhymes on the stressed syllables of two words within a six-position line, irrespective of the syllables that follow. This first instalment introduces both the Old Germanic poetic form and the dróttkvætt meter. It outlines the background of the discussion and presents the basic argument. The second instalment presents a portrait of rhyme in Old Germanic meters outside of Old Norse, providing foundations for viewing rhyme as an inherited part of the Old Germanic poetic system. That portrait highlights the use of rhymes including the stressed vowel within a short line and the tendency to use such rhymes in the b-line, corresponding to the rhymes in even lines of dróttkvætt. The third instalment turns to dróttkvætt within its poetic ecology, beginning with a portrayal of rhyme in Old Norse eddic poetries, followed by dróttkvætt in relation to its contemporary poetic ecology and unravelling its impacts on that ecology, gradually working backward to a perspective on the ecology in which it emerged.
This study reads Dostoyevski’s Notes From Underground through the lens of
Georg Simmel’s critique of modernity. Simmel, the 19th century sociologist, felt
the pulse of modern life based on the daily flow of large and small interactions
between people. He argued that modern life, which is a dynamic and sophisticated
community, is moulded by the monetary economy of metropoles. However, he did
not unconditionally embrace modernity as he believed that the quantitative nature
of money influenced not only economy but the entirety of life. He particularly
criticized the blockading of modern age by quantification via the elements of
computability/quantifiability, scientificness, and rationalism. A contemporary of
Simmel’s, the 19th century writer Dostoyevsky also excluded himself from the age
he lived in and made this evident in his literary output. For example, the protagonist
of his Notes From Underground published in 1864, known as the underground
man, pours out furious and sarcastic criticisms throughout the novel based on his
experiences and observations of Saint Petersburg. These criticisms stem from the
transformation caused by the modern age and its reflections on modernizing Russia.
Although Dostoyevsky and Simmel lived in different decades of the 19th century
in different countries, and wrote in different genres, their overlapping spatial and
social impressions offer a profound and comparative insight into that age.
The heroism of Lembak ethnic folklore characters is a means of delivering effective character education because the values contained in folklore are very closely aligned with the norms that exist in society. This research aims to describe the perception of character education through the heroism of Lembak ethnic folklore characters in the form of the values of willingness to sacrifice (RB), never give up (PM), love of the homeland (CTA), and solidarity (KK). This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique was carried out by carefully reading the entire Lembak ethnic folklore, understanding the sample on the research object, coding the data, compiling the results of the analysis, and making conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis, researchers found that the value of heroism, being willing to sacrifice, the value of never giving up, the value of love for one's country, and value of solidarity arises because of the feeling of affection towards someone by protecting, loyalty, working together and caring for friends, family, lovers, and other people to make it happen. strong solidarity. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the heroism of the characters in Lembak ethnic folklore, it will provide an overview of character education which can be used as a means of education in society.
Flamenco has become nowadays a very popular dance style over the world. The percussive footwork and vibration patterns created during dancing imposes high demands on the musculoskeletal system and the forces transmitted from the foot in a proximal direction could contribute to the stress urinary incontinence. Therefore it may be questionable for the women during pregnancy. That is why the purpose of this study was to investigate the level and effects of dynamic loading on the musculoskeletal system of the flamenco dancer during advanced pregnancy. The participant of the study was a female in the third trimester of pregnancy (34.5 yrs, 76 kg, 1.72 m). She has been practicing flamenco for 15 years. The task of the subject was the execution of ZAP-3 Test: a sequence of six footworks performed with the forefoot, heel and toes, alternatively with both feet during 15 seconds at maximum speed. Kinetic data were collected with a Kistler force plate. Afterwards, the subject filled the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised and questionnaire on health condition. As the registrations revealed, strikes with different parts of the foot generate different impacts to those elements. The average values of the vertical component of GRF normalized to body weight throughout the whole test ranged between 0.49 («Punta») and 3.22 BW («Tacón de Planta»). On the basis of questionnaire and interview, the pregnant subject reported neither urogenital disorders, nor musculoskeletal injuries. At the same time, gravida emphasized being familiar with the pelvic floor muscles training. Due to visual observation, a proper alignment of the dancer’s body was identified: vertical trunk, stabilized spine, optimal stable pelvic position. Additionally our expectant mother performed proper configuration of the lower limb joints with semi-flexed knees and hips. To conclude, flamenco dancers should be supported to continue their training during pregnancy but the amount of loadings during classes should be discussed (type, Intensity, duration frequency of exercises). Any symptoms of pain or discomfort warrant examination by a physician. Then, as flamenco works on the core of the body, it can also help with pelvic floor muscles, assuming that the subject is aware of the right body alignment and muscle activity. That is why the attention should be more focused on the education of the dancers’ body awareness in ergonomic technique.
Tras el fallecimiento de Manuel Palau y Salvador Seguí, queda en el olvido la creación del Museo Sonoro, el Museo de imágenes y ambientes costumbristas, así como la realización de diferentes rutas folklóricas que proponen, los dos musicólogos, para el desarrollo y comprensión de la cultura inmaterial de carácter popular de toda la Comunidad Valenciana. Este tipo de trabajo se plantea una vez reunido todo el material que en su día recopiló el Instituto Valenciano de Musicología y Folklore, a través de la labor que llegó a efectuar con las llamadas Misiones Folklóricas, dando origen a un gran compendio de material etnográfico, musical, antropológico y sociológico de gran interés para el análisis y la comprensión de lo que hoy por hoy conocemos como las principales señas de identidad del pueblo valenciano.
Museums. Collectors and collecting, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
This study explored the way in which Elementary School teachers used Indonesian folklore in their English classes to help students improve their analytical and critical reasoning skills. Visual culture theory was employed to examine data from interviews through the use of pictures. Moreover, Kress’ (1991) social-constructionist method was applied to investigate the additional realities of folktales as a cultural reality. A descriptive qualitative research method was implemented. The data used were the five English teachers’ teaching strategies. The study revealed that the teachers’ final goal was for students to understand the moral message in the folklore. The teachers were innovative in their teaching materials and approach in their EFL classes by integrating illustrations and other visual media related to folklore in language teaching. Visual media was believed to help language development and vice versa. The strategies included the use of videos with English subtitles, reading texts, questions and examples from real life. The teachers’ efforts were aimed at sharpening students’ analytical reasoning skills. Students needed to answer questions that strengthened their critical reasoning skills, identifying inequities and providing feasible solutions. Teachers, who had a crucial role in maximizing the advantage of using folklore, needed to tailor the story’s discussion to the students’ level of understanding. The outcome of the study inferred that the use of English translations of Indonesian folktales in the classroom potentially affected students’ English language development.
Special aspects of education, Language and Literature
ABSTRACT The main aim of this article is to develop a discussion on folklorization or how identity is commodified and reduced to only some cultural traits. Currently, folklorization is one of the main devices in PRC’s cultural and political policies in Central Asia. Authors analyze folklorization both inter-state with a particular focus on Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and intra-state, with focus on Xinjiang, based on empirical data collected in these countries. The discussion provided is about China’s soft power and how it is projected to Central Asia under the administration of Xi Jinping. Moreover, it is concerned about folklorization as a political tool, utilized by the PRC government to mitigate tensions in the Xinjiang region, but also folklorized landscapes to be found also in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
A book review of: Laaksonen Lasse. Viina hermot ja rangaistukset.
Sotilasylijohdon henkilökohtaiset ongelmat. Jyväskylä: Docendo Oy. 2017. 649 s.
ISBN: 978-952-291-408-8.
The article examines the contribution made by Russian professional musicians, composers, choreographers and others in the establishment and development of Tuvan musical culture in the Soviet period. They have been coming Tuva explicitly for the purpose of setting up musical collectives, training and working with talented Tuvans in the regional educational institutions. This process is considered an example of mutual influence of Soviet (and first of all, Russian) culture on its Tuvan counterpart. This article for the first time examines the life and work of those specialists whose names had been suppressed in the Soviet period as they fell victims to Stalin's purges. The author relied on information from both published works on the history of Tuvan music and original materials.
The first to be named is the military bandmaster S. G. Korovin, who became the head of the brass band of the cavalry regiment of the Tuvan people's revolutionary army. He recorded and arranged folk songs, taught Tuvans musical literacy. In the early 1940s, the first group of professionals arrived from the Soviet Union. Among them were composer and conductor of brass orchestra L. I. Izrailevich, flutist and teacher R. G. Mironovich, choir conductor S. I. Bulatov, composer and teacher A. K. Feldman, ballet teacher and master A. V. Shatin, to name only a few. They were engaged in educating musicians, recording and arranging Tuvan musical folklore and also did some original composing. Also worth mentioning is the contribution made by the teachers of children's music school No. 1 of the 1950s-1960s.
Educational work of Soviet musicians bore its fruit as soon at the end of their first year in Tuva. The first songs were composed by A. Chyrgal-ool, M. Munsaka, R. Candensis, V. Kok-ool, A. Laptan and others. The first Tuvan professionals formed the core of the troupe of the national musical drama theatre. But the influence was mutual: Russian specialists learned from Tuvan colleagues, too.
In the last decades, two big processes have been coexisting in Italy, alongside with the spread of modernization and globalization. The first is the depopulation of many little villages, above all in the inner zone of the country, due to the massive migration of young people to bigger urban centers. The second one is a general rediscovery of the originality and richness of local cultures inherited from the past, that even today mark not only the sense of places and of belonging to them, but constitute a key resource for the younger generations’ imagination of the future and of their dwelling in it. In the lecture, first of all ideally addressed to younger generations, the author retrospectively reflects on his contribution, along the work of many years, to these issues, particularly focusing on his attempt to interweave the Italian school of studies of folklore and anthropology with the attention, in the works of sociologist Giacomo Becattini and the urbanist Alberto Magnaghi, for the new forms of “consciousness of places”, and above all, with James Clifford’s work on the processes of “becoming indigenous in the XXIth Century” in Oceania and the Americas.
Anthropology, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Yaşar Kemal who is one of the master and distinctive writers of Turkish literature
(1923-2015) has an important place in our literature with his many works.
The writer who collected his stories in his book Sarı Sıcak has many novels.
İnce Memed, Teneke, Ölmez Otu, Dağın ÖteYüzü, Demirciler Çarşısı Cinayeti,
Ağrı Dağı Efsanesi, Binboğalar Efsanesi, Karıncanın Su İçtiği, Tek Kanatlı
Bir Kuş are some of his novels. May They Kill the Snake (YılanıÖldürseler)
which is the subject of this research is a novel of Yaşar Kemal that was published
in 1976 for the first time. It has been published many times and was adapted
to cinema. In May They Kill the Snake which is based on a real event, Yaşar
Kemal tells the story of a little child who was pushed to crime step by step by
his family and relatives. There is a tight connection between literary work and
society. May They Kill the Snake is a reflection of thinking, behaviours and acts
of a specific part of society. In this research, the novel May They Kill the Snake
is analysed with qualitative research methods from the perspective of crime –
environment relation and child criminality
The article reports the results of the expedition of the Sh. Marjani Institute of History researchers to Germany. This research projectwas launched in 2017. Its subject is to study the memorial heritage of Tatar soldiers in Europe.The central catalogue of cemeteries and graves of warriors called up from the Kazan Governorate and TASSR is to be prepared and published as a result of this work.Scientific staff of the Institute conducted two expeditions – in April and June. The article comments about the Muslim cemetery of a Wünsdorf camp (Zossen), the Russian cemetery of the in Puchheim, the Tatar graves in Dippoldiswalde and Kleinbosch near Leipzig, the Memory sites of Musa Jalil, the Military necropolises of Emsland, and the museum in Esterwegen.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Folklore
Przedmiotem artykułu jest ukazanie karnawalizacji jako mechanizmu rządzącego humorem w pewnym wycinku przestrzeni internetu, a mianowicie na tak zwanych "krańcach internetu". Jest to specyficzny humor charakteryzujący się łamaniem tabu kulturowego i norm etycznych, absurdalnością, silną obrazoburczością oraz swobodą zachowań językowych. Obszar ten porównać można do swego rodzaju współczesnego, postmodernistycznego karnawału, gdzie wartości są odwrócone, hierarchia społeczna zburzona, a ludzkie zachowania nieco wynaturzone. Humor "krańców internetu" jest realizacją karnawałowego "świata na opak", który czasowo znosi ustalony porządek i umożliwia ludziom rozładowanie nagromadzonych napięć. Jest miejscem, w którym mogą znaleźć ujście społeczne frustracje, lęki i bunt wobec narzuconych zasad i konwenansów.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Language and Literature
The slaves of Sinterklaas. The escalation of the public debate on Dutch tradition
This paper examines the public debate about Dutch tradition of Sinterklaas (Saint-Nicolas) and particularly the character of Zwarte Piet, the black-faced helper. His apparent racist nature has been subject of debate in Dutch media for years. However, in 2013 the debate escalated and provoked social conflicts and verbal aggression. The paper gives some explanations why this happened. The case of Zwarte Piet is noteworthy because it shows that Dutch society, well-known for being tolerant and open-minded, is not entirely free of ethnic and national tensions. This Old Dutch tradition that had been shaped in the times of colonialism and slavery, has become a hot issue in todays’ multicultural society. The paper includes considerations concerning the emergence of social conflicts and the meaning of postmodern national and ethnic identity. Additionally, it discusses the role of social media in fuelling the debate. Conclusions are based on analysis of social media content (television, Internet) and publications in the Dutch press from October to December 2013.
„Niewolnicy świętego Mikołaja”. Eskalacja debaty społecznej wokół holenderskiej tradycji
Artykuł dotyczy debaty społecznej toczącej się wokół holenderskiej tradycji Sinterklaasa (świętego Mikołaja), a szczególnie wokół postaci Zwarte Piet – pomocnika z uszminkowaną na czarno twarzą. Jego wyraźnie negroidalny wygląd rodzi oskarżenia o rasizm i dlatego od wielu już lat wywołuje dyskusje w holenderskich mediach. W roku 2013 miała miejsce szczególnie ostra dyskusja, która prowadziła do konfliktów oraz agresji słownej. W artykule podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia przyczyny tej sytuacji. Problem postaci Zwarte Piet jest godny uwagi, ponieważ pokazuje, że społeczeństwo holenderskie, uchodzące za tolerancyjne i otwarte, nie jest całkowicie wolne od napięć o charakterze etnicznym i narodowym. Dawna holenderska tradycja, która ukształtowała się w czasach kolonializmu i niewolnictwa, stała się poważnym problemem we współczesnym wielokulturowym społeczeństwie. Artykuł zawiera rozważania na temat powstawania konfliktów społecznych oraz nowoczesnej świadomości etnicznej i narodowej. Ponadto porusza zagadnienie roli mediów w zaostrzaniu dyskusji i towarzyszącej jej agresji. Wnioski zostały oparte o analizę treści medialnych (telewizja, internet) oraz artykułów prasowych, które pojawiały się od października do grudnia 2013 roku.
Folklore that are emerging in various regions in Indonesia have ethical moral values that are beneficial to the formation of a golden generation of Indonesia. Folklore when inherited or inculcated into children early on will equip students motor and psychomotor development, especially in students' character membangan early winning personality. Planting of ethics is intended to form a person's character that leads to positive things. Planting good ethics can certainly build character, attitudes, and behaviors that reinforce soft skills to instill good habits. Utilization of folklore that there are very effective to teach ethics and good morals. Through the characters in the story can be conveyed attitudes, behaviors, and said words that reflect the character and moral ethics. In the story reflected the presence of noble values, among others, honesty, cooperation, hard work, responsibility, religion. These values can be used as a means of character education.
Keywords: folklore, values, ethics, character education.