Hasil untuk "Environmental effects of industries and plants"

Anwarzeb Khan, Sardar Khan, Muhammad Amjad Khan et al.

Basuki Basuki, Tri Candra Setiawati, Bambang Hermiyanto et al.

Red chili consumption in Indonesia is recorded to increase by 6.78% or 40.42 thousand tons in 2024 from 1,650.75 thousand tons in 2022, while productivity in 2025 is projected to increase by 6.78%, while chili productivity in 2024 is 1,386.45 thousand tons. 37% of the land area in the Kesambi Sub-watershed is marginal and has potential for horticultural cultivation. The research aims to align land and chili cultivation management on the slopes of Mount Raung, Indonesia, toward sustainable agriculture and national food self-sufficiency. The method used is through data collection, both laboratory data and land biophysical data that are adjusted to match the suitability with plant growth requirements. The results of the study showed that the actual land suitability of red chili plants at 78.87% or 2,558.48 ha was dominated by the marginally suitable class (S3), and 21.13% or 685.58 ha were in the unsuitable category (N), with the most inhibiting factors being erosion hazards, nutrient retention, and air availability. Efforts to improve land quality to produce optimal production for crop achievement through the addition of agricultural fertilizers such as NPK, the provision of organic matter and dolomite, and slope improvement by making “gulud” terraces or providing mulch so that the potential land was achieved to 67.11% or 2,177.01 ha dominated by class S3, 21.13% or 685.58 ha were categorized as unsuitable class (N), and 11.76% or 381.47 ha were categorized as quite suitable class (S2).

Aakash Paul, Xiaodong Xu, Takayuki Shimizu et al.

Andreas Christensen, Verena Stingl, Muhammad Omair et al.

The EU has proposed the Digital Product Passport (DPP) as an important mechanism to enable the circular economy (CE) by facilitating transparency and data sharing across value chains. Initially proposed for regulatory compliance, DPPs hold the potential to function as strategic assets for creating value within CE. However, leveraging DPPs beyond compliance introduces additional complexity, requiring a systems approach for design and implementation, which links the system's purpose with concrete design options. With this paper, we develop five fundamental design considerations that can guide the design of DPP systems, using a combination of structured literature review and conceptual development based on principles of systems engineering. The five design considerations are: strategic alignment between DPP and organizational goals, data requirements to support decision making, system requirements to ensure interoperability, tailoring DPP to different circular practices, and levers necessary to enable value chain collaboration. The proposed design considerations give structured guidance for the systems design of DPPs, tailoring the design to the needs and opportunities of the organization and ensure benefit capture.

Marvin Gornik, Daniel Habermeier, Reiner Sojka et al.

This study evaluates global, currently existing industrial lithium-Ion battery (LIB) recycling processes from a technical, economic as well as environmental point of view. The focus lies in the comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of these technologies in one single flexible model. Out of several analyzed publications, nine different industrial life cycle inventories were analyzed in detail and compared via LCA with similar system boundaries and background data. Minor adjustments were made to ensure a fair comparison. The results indicate variations in the degree of detail among the utilized inventories, with discrepancies observed, such as variations in coverage of pretreatment steps. This study identified trends indicating that hydrometallurgical treatments offer greater potential for reducing environmental burdens. This is primarily attributed to the wider range of materials recovered. Additionally, the LCA results of the complete life cycle of a LIB were analyzed using two different calculation approaches: the widely used End-of-Life (EoL) approach in LCA and the circular footprint formula (CFF), a recently introduced methodology by the European Union.

Taghreed Ali Abbas, Monim H. Al-Jiboori and Amani I. Altmimi

The spectrum of the wind speed is expressed as the total wind speed that results from events split up into space, time, or both. It is the relationship shown between the energy or magnitude of any given parameter versus the frequency. In this study, the spectra of the wind speed at the Al-Reem site in Iraq were presented. Since the goal of the current research is to analyze wind speed and direction using the Fast-Fourier-Transform, experimental measurements for the wind speed and wind direction were taken every ten minutes for a year, from December 2014 to December 2015 at heights (10, 30, 50 m). Based on the performance of the Fast-Fourier-Transform, the peak with the highest spectral density, measured at 226,236.282 m/s at the frequency of 2 Hz, was found to be at a height of 50 m throughout the night, while the peak with the lowest height level. The spectral density was 115,863.7 m/s at a frequency of 2 Hz, at a height of (10 m) all into the night. Winds coming from the west and northwest were the most common direction in the region. In the morning, the wind was blowing faster than at night.

Haoran Wang, Guangfu Zhang

As a distinct plant functional group, climbers critically sustain ecosystem structure and function globally. However, little is known about those in China. Here, we examine the diversity and distribution of Chinese climbers at a regional scale. First, climbing species data were collected. Then, Pearson correlations were conducted to assess relationships between environmental variables and climber species richness. Also, variation partitioning was used to reveal the pure and shared effects of four explanatory variable groups on species richness. A total of 3485 climber species (551 genera, 105 families) were recorded in China. Woody lianas dominated the climbing flora (64.73% of species) relative to herbaceous vines; twining represented the predominant mechanism (1829 species, 52.48%) relative to the others. Chinese climbers largely presented a pattern of species richness that decreased from south to north in China. Moreover, endemic and threatened climbers exhibited strong distributional congruence with all climbers. Additionally, four predictor groups (temperature, precipitation, geography, human impact) were found to jointly account for over 70% of species density variance across different climber types through variation partitioning, with precipitation’s pure effect dominating. Thus, Chinese climbers exhibit high diversity and an uneven distribution, primarily driven by precipitation. This study also provides a valuable reference on climbers at the regional scale for future studies.

Juan Hou

Abstract Under the background of China's “Dual Carbon” strategy, corporate sustainable development performance has become a core indicator of high-quality development. As a key driver for improving resource allocation efficiency, FinTech adoption at the enterprise level requires further investigation regarding its impact on sustainable development. Drawing on institutional theory and the resource-based view, this study develops a theoretical framework to empirically examine the influence of FinTech adoption on firms' sustainable development performance and its underlying mechanisms. The model incorporates local government environmental concern as a moderating variable to explore its conditional effects, and further investigates industrial heterogeneity. The empirical results reveal that FinTech adoption significantly enhances sustainable development performance. The effect is more pronounced among non-state-owned enterprises and heavily polluting firms. Additionally, local government environmental concern exhibits a substitution effect in the relationship between FinTech adoption and sustainability performance, reflecting cross-industry differences in resource endowments, technological capacity, and policy responsiveness.

Pujawati Suryatmana, Sri Handayani, Sunbaek Bang et al.

Mercury (Hg) is a hazardous pollutant produced during the amalgamation of gold extraction. The environmental problems related to improper Hg waste management have become progressively concerning. Hg contamination in environments can be removed by using bioremediation technology. Utilizing Hg-resistant (HgR) microorganisms in Hg bioremediation is a crucial strategy. Azotobacter is one of the potential microbes for Hg bioremediation bioagent due to exopolysaccharides synthesis that binds the heavy metal. The study's main objective was to select and profile a novel Hg-resistant Azotobacter isolated from heavily Hg-contaminated soil and tailing of artisanal and small-scale gold in Pongkor area, West Java, Indonesia. The completely randomized design was used for profiling Azotobacter-HgR and included Hg values of 0, 1, 10, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L. Further, Azotobacter isolate bioassay steps included soil contaminated with Hg, soil contaminated with Hg + Azotobacter sp. S6.a, soil contaminated with Hg + consortium. The profiling results revealed that four Hg-resistant isolates were Azotobacter sp. S5, Azotobacter sp. S6, Azotobacter sp. S6.a, and Azotobacter sp. S9. More importantly, Azotobacter sp. S5 followed by Azotobacter sp. S6.a was found to be the most resistant to Hg exposure at a concentration of 400 mg/L. The Azotobacter sp. S9. produced the lowest EPS, but had the highest activity of nitrogenase and organic acid production. Meanwhile, Azotobacter sp. S6.a. produced the highest EPS. Isolate S5 showed the highest potential as a resistant PGPR-Hg isolate for enhancing the growth of sorghum in Hg-contaminated soil. Sorghum plants accumulate Hg from the soil in the roots but not in the shoots. Present findings suggest that these two isolates have the potential to be used as biological agents to rehabilitate Hg-contaminated soil in Pongkor area.

Michał Folwarczny, Agata Gasiorowska, Valdimar Sigurdsson et al.

Whereas the environmental impact of buying luxury goods is debated, there is evidence that purchasing such products—often referred to as conspicuous consumption—can be more sustainable than hoarding cheaper alternatives because luxury goods are more durable and are often passed down through generations, resulting in fewer resources being consumed by the average consumer. Contrary to popular beliefs that conspicuous consumption is inconsistent with environmental concerns, recent studies demonstrate that conspicuous consumption is sometimes positively associated with proenvironmentalism. However, less is known about the psychological mechanisms responsible for this counterintuitive association. In this research, we propose and find that conspicuous consumption orientation is positively related to proenvironmental consumption values, with this relationship being mediated by consumers' need for uniqueness and variety seeking. The proposed framework was tested and supported by a large-scale cross-sectional survey (N = 1400; 59.9% women), with data analyzed using structural equation modeling. Together, the current findings shed light on the processes that explain the link between conspicuous consumption and proenvironmental purchasing preferences, with the current results suggesting that consumers’ tendency to seek unique and varied options in the marketplace may be used to promote sustainable consumption.

Qinli Zhou, Lanzhi Han, Yunhe Li et al.

RNA interference (RNAi) that is triggered by small or short RNAs has shown enormous potential in the development of pest control strategies. Two microRNAs (miRNAs), Csu-novel-260 and Csu-miR-14, were used in insect-resistant genetically engineered (IRGE) rice lines to confer resistance to Chilo suppressalis. However, a risk assessment of RNAi-based products is essential to determine the safety of a biopesticide or IRGE crop for commercialization. The non-target organism Folsomia candida, which plays an important ecological role as a soil decomposer in agricultural ecosystems, was used to assess the risk of miRNAs Csu-novel-260 and Csu-miR-14. In this study, a dietary miRNA toxicity assay system was established in F. candida. The expression levels of target genes, survival rate, fecundity and body size were investigated to evaluate the effects of the miRNAs on F. candida under the worst-case scenario. The results showed that the dietary miRNA toxicity assay system could be used for risk assessment of miRNA in F. candida. The target genes of miRNAs were influenced by miRNA at some time points. However, no significant differences were observed in the life-table parameters in F. candida fed with a diet containing miRNAs. The dietary effects of two miRNAs on F. candida are neutral.

S. Padmanabhan, C. Joel, S. Mahalingam, J. R. Deepak, S. Baskar and M. Ruban

Environmental sustainability encompasses various problems, including clean air, renewable energy, climate change, safe environments, and the capacity to live in a healthy community. One possible strategy for addressing these global problems is the circular bio-economy. Cleaner and lower-carbon environments may be fostered via the production of bioenergy and biomaterials, which can also help to maintain the energy-environment connection. To improve sustainability and the state of the planet, scientists are looking at renewable energy sources like ethanol. Compared to gasoline, ethanol has a reduced carbon footprint and a greater energy density, making it a viable alternative fuel. This study gives an overview of ethanol as a possible alternative fuel for flex-powered power generators in India to meet the goals of the circular bio-economy. This paper details the results of flex-fuel testing conducted on a light-duty power generator using an ethanol-gasoline mix. The findings reveal improved thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption rates than basic fuel. The emissions of both carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons were shown to be reduced.

S. Awel and A. R. Fuad

Management of marine pollution is a difficult condition to realize, especially the pollution of mixed oil disposal (bilge) resulting from the operation of ships. The oil component has different characteristics compared to the essence of other substances; namely, oil can float on the surface of the water because it has an extra weight the type/density of the essence. The parameters tested in this research are oil/fat content parameters and their extraction according to National Certification Institution 6989.59:2008. Bilge water samples were taken from five commercial ships that leaned on the port and then carried out pre-treatment and post-treatment tests with the liquid separation process in the Oil Water Separator (OWS) device on the ship and then tested in the laboratory to determine the infrared spectrum in the absorption of oil content emissions in water samples, which may not exceed the standard threshold for port water quality, i.e., 5 mg.L-1. The sampling tests were carried out for the variables temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and oil content obtained values were below the threshold for water quality. To find out the relationship between Group I and Group II, linear regression was used showing the Ho result in reject (0.000<0.05), which means there is a significant relationship between Group I and II.

M. Sudhakar and R. M. Swarna Priya

Agriculture is a significant industry that plays a major role in a country’s sustainable environment and economic development. The global population demands increased food production with minimal losses. Nutrient deficiency is one of the major and crucial factors influencing crop production significantly. Common techniques for determining crop nutrition status are the diagnosis of plant morphology, Enzymology, chemical effects, fertilization, etc. However, the above techniques are invasive and time-consuming or infeasible while considering varied production practices in different locations, environments and climatic conditions. Computer Vision is an area of Computer Science that deals with creating Artificial Intelligence based vision systems that can use image data, process, and analyze as humans perform. Early Detection of Crop Nutrient deficiencies favors the farmers to monitor the affected crops and plan for the manure or fertilizer application, which supports to regain of the crop’s efficiency for attaining its maximum yield. Modern computer vision systems rely on Machine Learning (ML), Remote sensing, Satellite imagery, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), Internet of things (IoT) based sensor devices, and Deep Learning (DL) models that use algorithms to extract required features from data. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of recent research and identify the scope of computer vision-based technologies used for identifying crop nutrient content and deficiency, find research challenges in predicting nutrient imbalance in comparison with plant diseases that show certain similar characteristics, thereby to improve crop health and production.

L. Ledheng and E. M. Y. Hano’e

Shoreline change is a process that occurs due to the impact of natural factors and human activities. Geographically, the coastal area of North Central Timor Regency (NCT) is in the northern part of the island of Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENT). Physically, the area is affected by the oceanographic dynamics of the Sawu Sea waters and aquaculture activities, which impact the damage to coastal ecosystems. This study aims to analyze shoreline change in the northern coastal area of NCT Regency. The data used are Landsat 8 images from 2015-20221 to describe current conditions. Meanwhile, Landsat 5 imagery data from 1990 - 2000 was used to describe the initial conditions. The satellite imagery is analyzed to map shoreline changes that experience accretion or abrasion. The results show that the shoreline of the study area has experienced changes in accretion and abrasion. Based on the area of change in the northern coastal area of NCT Regency, the dominant accretion area was 1108.07 m2 with a rate of change of 20.19 m.year-1, as long as 1021 meters, while the abrasion was 845.43 m2 at a rate of 12.65 m.year-1 as long as 36520 meters. The average shoreline change distance in accretion conditions was 11.3 meters, while the abrasion was 7.93 meters. The shoreline shift due to the highest abrasion in Ponu was -16.08, while accretion in North Oepuah was 35.63 meters. The results of this research will contribute to planning the management of the coastal area of NCT Regency.

Reza Vahidzadeh, Giorgio Bertanza

Nazia Talat

Kailas L. Wasewar

Xianqi Zhang and Peng Chen

This paper presents numerical simulations regarding the transport characteristics of soil salt. It has been recognized in recent years that the growth and output of crops in the irrigation area of the lower reaches of the Yellow River are affected by the decreased fertility of soil as a result of the transport of soil salt, due to the long-term farming, fertilization of farmland which contains a high proportion of sands. Accordingly, numerical simulations by Hydrus are carried out, in which, based on the similarity principle, two-dimensional convection-diffusion partial-differential governing equations of unsteady flow in saturated-unsaturated porous media are applied to depict the motion parameters’ spatial variability of soil water in the irrigation area. And the van Genuchten equation is adopted to express the relationship between volumetric water content and soil hydraulic conductivity and negative soil water pressure. The irrigation basin of the People’s Victory Canal, which is downstream of the Yellow River, is investigated in detail as an example. The findings revealed that soil salt in the irrigation region is transferred by water diffusion, with irrigation and fertilization being the primary causes of downward migration and salt accumulation. It benefits the soil in irrigation areas and protects groundwater.

Yu Li, Yuran Su, Bin Hu and Chuang Ma

The effects of initial moisture content (55%, 60% and 65%) on the heat-up of sewage sludge (SS) composting during the mesophilic phase were investigated. Monitoring results showed that low moisture content (55%) increased the heating rate, high initial moisture content (60% and 65%) significantly improved the activities of cellulase and peroxidase during the mesophilic phase. Furthermore, although high moisture content improved the diversity of bacteria during composting, there were no significant differences in the microbial structure during the process of succession. So, rather than inhibiting the activity of the bacterial population, the negative effect of high moisture content (60 and 65 per cent) on composting temperature heat up was attributable to the difficulty of heating produced by the specific heat capacity of water. The correlation index between initial moisture content and microorganisms was relatively low, while the temperature was the largest environmental factor affecting the bacterial community. This conclusion provided a hint to make an association between initial moisture content and composting temperature-rising stage.