Hasil untuk "Economic growth, development, planning"

Luis Carlos Alves da Silva, Julian Israel Lima, Maicon da Silva

Este ensaio tem como objetivo destacar a cocriação de valor como uma possibilidade para o desenvolvimento das cidades de forma multidimensional. Argumenta-se que a cocriação representa uma nova perspectiva para se pensar o desenvolvimento urbano, conectado com as demandas regionais, respeitando as particularidades territoriais e experiências individualizadas, contribuindo assim para o enriquecimento do diálogo entre sociedade e entidades públicas/privadas, trazendo a possibilidade de um modelo de integração teórica com o intuito de rever o modelo de concepção de nossas cidades, influenciada historicamente pela acumulação capitalista e processos mercadológicos. Os resultados da discussão proposta nesse ensaio, evidenciam algumas alterações no modelo “convencional” de planejamento, como uma maior inclusão da sociedade no processo de formulação de propostas, proporcionando a gestão urbana integrada, como também um maior cuidado na proteção da identidade sociocultural, e um maior respeito às diversidades locais e regionais, tratando problemas complexos de forma transparente e possibilitando o desenvolvimento regional mais participativo.

Eduardo Lima Campos, Rubens Penha Cysne

This study investigates the fiscal sustainability hypothesis for a panel of 88 countries from 2000–2020. We applied the cross-sectional panel ARDL methodology to estimate both short- and long-run effects, as well as fiscal reaction functions of government primary surplus in response to increases in public debt. This research introduces a novel approach to the analysis of fiscal sustainability by linking the ARDL model to the fiscal reaction framework, accounting for cross dependence among panel units. The countries were grouped according to the IMF income classification criteria. In pre-pandemic analysis, we found evidence of fiscal sustainability for advanced and emerging economies, but not for low-income countries. When incorporating the COVID-19 period, we observed a general decline in fiscal reactions, with the group of emerging countries being reclassified as unsustainable. This finding warns of the challenge faced by these governments to generate surpluses sufficient to offset the pandemic-induced increases in indebtedness.

Kehinde Kabir Agbatogun, Sunday Idowu Oladeji, Adewale Abiodun Adegboye

The study examined the interaction among income inequality, economic growth, and poverty with a view of assessing the extent of inclusiveness of growth in selected African countries. Using a dataset from World Development Indicators (WDI) and Standardized World Income Inequality Dataset (SWIID), the study adopted Vector AutoRegression (VAR) method in its econometric analysis. Its findings show that only "West" African countries exhibit partial traits of inclusiveness of growth. Thus, the study recommends the provision and implementation of distributional and growth-oriented macroeconomic policies, as well as investment in public infrastructure to spread the benefits of growth to all in African countries.

Nataliia Toropchenko, Olena Trokhymets

The purpose of this research is to determine the trends of investment activity and the peculiarities of the disparities’ formation in the territorial and sectoral structure of such activity in Ukraine. Methodology. The Pearson correlation coefficient to assess the relationship between GDP dynamics and the ratio of gross capital formation in the economy has been used in the article. Considering the peculiarities of the change in the methodology of calculating GDP in Ukraine, it should be noted that GDP has been calculated according to the methodology of the 1993 SNA in the period 1996-1999; according to the methodology of the SNA 2008 in the period 2000-2013, GDP data have not considered the annexed Crimea and the temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions in the period 2014-2020. It is advisable to use data from the World Bank to estimate the share of gross capital formation (in% of GDP), the set of which, in contrast to domestic statistics, fully covers the analyzed period. The choice for the beginning of the 1996 interval has been conditioned by the possibility of correct comparisons of data in a single currency. The source of GDP data is the State Statistics Service of Ukraine while the source of FDI data flows and stocks in Ukraine is the data of the National Bank of Ukraine (due to changes in the methodology of calculating FDI in 2018) Practical implications. The priorities of intensifying the investment support have been formulated (return of national capital to the jurisdiction of Ukraine, increase the uniformity of the territorial structure of capital investment, increase fixed capital formation to 20 +%, stimulate investment in military technology, NBIC convergence), including investments in science, education) based on the identified problems of investment support for the development of Ukraine's economy increasing the level of protection of property rights and guarantees of preferential treatment for investments. Value/originality. The main priorities of balanced development have been formulated (increasing the level of manufacturability of industry and services, import substitution in the production of investment and consumer goods, inclusion in global value chains, balancing the interests of large capital stakeholders, reducing dependence on external security shocks (military-political conflicts, pandemics), maintaining the level of social security, restoration of disturbed natural complexes, etc.)

Reres Agustin

Along with the times, of course, the economic success of a country is influenced by several factors that support it. One of them is in the field of political economy. However, along with these developments, the economic system encountered several obstacles, such as the failure of the market mechanism. Political economy and its own tools are involved in overcoming this failure. The government's role in the failure of this market mechanism is needed to stabilize a country's economy and provide justice for economic actors. The purpose of this journal is to find out what the relationship between political economy and the public sector is, by discussing in detail the role of government in overcoming the failure of market mechanisms. The source of the data we obtained comes from a collection of various information obtained through the media of literature and readings that refer to the title of the discussion of political economy and the role of the public sector.

Fatemeh Rahimi, Masoud Yazdanpanah, Saeed Gholamrezai et al.

A spectacular increase in groundwater use for irrigation has taken place during the last half-century in most arid and semiarid countries especially Iran. Iran is currently among the top groundwater miners in the world. In fact, if the prevailing anarchy continues, serious problems may appear in the long term and the situation could become more tragic in the near future. While there are several reasons for the underlying groundwater crisis in the country, one of the most important challenges facing the country can be due to the institutional constraints by stakeholders involved in groundwater resources management. Thus, this study describes institutional constraints to groundwater resource management using Strauss and Corbin’s approach. Participants were 16 key informants involved in the groundwater resources management in Roumeshkan township. To select the samples, snowball sampling method was used. Thus, participants were interviewed in-depth and interviews were recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis by Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded Theory. In the present study, encoding the collected data in different ways resulted in the extraction of 144 concepts and 41 sub-categories. Based on the paradigm model, the core category identified in this research was “mismanagement of groundwater resources” which was found to be related to other categories of meaning.

Eki Darma Putra, Maria Christina Yuli Pratiwi

To achieve the purpose of regional economic development, there is a need for development policy that is based on the characteristics of the region. Kalimantan is the centre of development in Eastern Indonesia which has strategic position for cooperation region. This study aimed to identify the potential leading sectors to develop and determine the regencies grouping and the characteristics of each group based on welfare indicators. The secondary data were collected from socio-economic data of 56 regencies during 2010-2016. This study used descriptive quantitative method and several analysis theories namely Klassen’s Typology, factor and cluster, Location Quotient, Shift Share, and Overlay analysis. The results of study showed that: (1) the economic structure of Kalimantan had shifted because a change of economic contribution from agriculture to industrial sector; (2) the mining and quarrying, water supply, waste management and recycling sector were the leading sectors in Kalimantan; (3) Kalimantan was classified into four clusters based on 13 economic social indicators: agricultural, urban, disadvantaged, and wealth cluster; (4) the priority of development in each cluster were economic, social, and educational issues.

Carlos Raya Rodríguez

Este trabajo estudia la vía de internacionalización de la economía española desde los años sesenta hasta finales del siglo XX, incidiendo especialmente en su entrada en la Comunidad Económica Europea, con el fin de analizar si dicha senda de internacionalización impuso la toma de una serie de políticas económicas, primero unas políticas de rentas y después la pérdida de soberanía económica, que funcionaron en detrimento de los ingresos de la clase trabajadora. Para ello se hará uso del método de análisis marxista dado que aporta las mejores herramientas para atender a una perspectiva de clase.

Kemal Biçerli M., Kocaman Merve

The aim of this study is to research the impact of minimum wage on unemployment, prices, and growth for the Turkish economy. The data used is monthly and covers the period from January 2005 to March 2017. The producer price index represents prices and the industrial production index represents growth. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is used to see the effect of the minimum wage on these variables. An error-correction based Granger causality test is then conducted to see short-run and long-run causalities. The bounds test yields evidence of a long-run relationship between variables. The obtained ARDL results also show that while the minimum wage has a statistically significant effect on unemployment and prices, it does not have a statistically significant effect on production. While there is short-run causality from minimum wage to prices only, the obtained significant error correction terms indicate long-run causality for all of the variables. Consequently, the minimum wage plays a significant role in increasing prices and the number of unemployed people in Turkey.

Nii Amponsah Ankrah, Emmanuel Manu, Michael Fullen et al.

The conventional linear ‘end-of-pipe’ approach to development of business site schemes is associated with high energy consumption, waste generation, air pollution and land contamination. These schemes are also not always sufficiently diverse to meet changing future needs, resulting in the legacy of derelict brownfield sites at the end of their service life. It is argued that by applying the diversity criteria of Cradle to Cradle (C2C) design philosophy to business site development, positive contributions can accrue to the natural and human environment, whilst maintaining flexibility and adaptability to meet changing future needs. This study investigates the development and integration of C2C diversity criteria on two pilot case study business sites, using an action research strategy. The study finds that essential ingredients for successful integration of C2C diversity criteria are co-creation, innovative procurement practices, good governance and willingness to accept risk. These parameters inform guidelines for achieving diversity on business sites.

Branko Milanovic

Ryke Nandini, Ambar Kusumandari, Totok Gunawan et al.

<em><span lang="IN">The aim of this </span><span>research i</span><span lang="IN">s to know</span><span>:</span><span lang="IN"> (1) </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">economic condition</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> of </span><span>the community forestry (HKm) </span><span lang="IN">farmer</span><span>s</span><span>seen </span><span lang="IN">from </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">income and </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">poverty</span><span> level</span><span lang="IN">; (2) </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">social condition</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> of </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">HKm farmer</span><span>s</span><span>seen </span><span lang="IN">from </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">education</span><span> level</span><span lang="IN"> and </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">behavior changes; and (3)</span><span> the </span><span lang="IN">change of social economic</span><span> conditions</span><span lang="IN"> of </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">HKm farmer</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> in 2008-2015. This </span><span>research</span><span>is</span><span lang="IN"> conducted from April to July in 2015 and located in four HKm groups of Rinjani pr</span><span>otect</span><span lang="IN">ed </span><span>forest </span><span lang="IN">area (RTK I). </span><span>The d</span><span lang="IN">ata collection </span><span>is conducted</span><span lang="IN"> by </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">interview</span><span>s with questionnaire</span><span>to </span><span lang="IN">102 HKm farmers </span><span>using the</span><span lang="IN"> Slovin’s formula with 10% of significant degree</span><span>.</span><span>This is</span><span lang="IN"> implemented </span><span>in descriptive analysis.</span><span lang="IN"> The </span><span>research </span><span lang="IN">result show</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> that</span><span>:</span><span lang="IN"> (1) </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">average income of the HKm farmer</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> is Rp</span><span lang="IN">1</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN">739</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN">677 per month/ha and 59</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">8% of farmers are </span><span>above</span><span lang="IN"> the poverty line; (2) the farmers are increasingly aware of education (there are only 5</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">9% </span><span>members of </span><span lang="IN">farmer’s family who are uneducated) and the</span><span> lack of</span><span>firewood utilization</span><span lang="IN"> (there are only 23</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">5% farmers who are still using </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">firewood); and (3) </span><span>in the period of</span><span lang="IN"> 2008 to 2015 the </span><span>average </span><span lang="IN">income </span><span>of the farmers </span><span lang="IN">per month increases</span><span> at</span><span lang="IN"> 52,03%; </span><span>the poverty level decreases at </span><span lang="IN">46</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">5%, and </span><span>there is a behavior change in which</span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">dependence on </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">forest resources </span><span>in the form of</span><span lang="IN"> firewood decreases</span></em>

A. Ommani

Todd M. Johnson

Szörényiné Kukorelli Irén

Az MTA és a Magyar Nemzeti Vidéki Kutatóhálózat (MNVH) közötti kutatási megállapodás keretében az egyik részkutatás témája a Társadalmi és gazdasági innováció, valamint a vidéki térségeink innovációt befogadó képessége címet viselte. A kutatás célja kettős volt, egyrészt a vidéki innováció fogalmának és összetevőinek elemzése, másrészt a társadalmi és gazdasági innovációt befogadó tér és társadalom jellemzőinek feltárása egy helyzetkép bemutatásán keresztül. A tanulmányban a fogalmak tisztázását követően az innovációs esetek empirikus vizsgálatának eredményeit mutatom be, majd meghatározom a rurális innováció földrajzi, társadalmi és gazdasági térre vonatkozó tulajdonságait az interjúk tapasztalatain keresztül. A vizsgálat rámutatott arra, hogy a befogadó közeg nagymértékben függ a társadalom, a gazdaság nyitottságától és a humán tőkétől. A tanulmány a társadalmi és gazdasági innováció egymásra hatását is vizsgálja, és eseteken keresztül mutatja be, hogyan képesek erősíteni egymást és magát az innovációra való hajlamot is. Végül elemzem a rurális innováció területi specifikumait és az innovátorok tulajdonságait.

G. Sedgh, R. Hussain, A. Bankole et al.

El nivel de reputación de la banca se ha visto dañado desde el inicio de la crisis económica iniciada en 2008, aunque no ha golpeado por igual a todas las instituciones del panorama nacional. Este estudio compara la reputación de las cuatro principales entidades financieras de España, a partir de un modelo de reputación corporativa altamente específico que mide, por primera vez, las percepciones de los clientes bancarios tras la intervención estatal de Bankia y la solicitud del rescate del sistema financiero español a Europa. Los resultados de esta investigación respaldan la teoría que sostiene que la reputación de una organización puede desvanecerse de forma inmediata ante un hecho negativo directamente asociado a ella.

A. Demirbaş

Jian-chu Xu, Erzi T. Ma, Duojie Tashi et al.

China is undergoing economic growth and expansion to a free market economy at a scale and pace that are unprecedented in human history. This is placing great pressure on the country's environment and cultural diversity. This paper examines a number of case histories in China, focusing on the culturally varied and ecologically diverse southwest region of the country. We show how developments in recent Chinese history have devalued and in some cases eliminated indigenous knowledge and practices in the quest to strengthen the centralized state. Despite these changes, more than 30 ethnic minorities live in southwest China. For generations these peoples have maintained landscapes through traditional land use and cultural practices. This indigenous knowledge places a high value on protecting forests, landscapes, and water catchments while preserving biodiversity. These values are maintained through religious beliefs, hunting taboos, and the protection of sacred sites. We advocate a conservation policy for China that includes the indigenous knowledge and values needed to maintain the environment and the traditional cultures themselves. There are seminal signs that the government is beginning to support indigenous cultures in China. The Organic Law of 1998 granted villages the legal right to self-government and gave indigenous communities greater responsibility for land and resource use. Traditional and indigenous cultural products have also developed a market and an economic value within a growing tourism industry. In many cases, however, indigenous people remain isolated from major land-use and conservation decisions that are the result of centrally planned policy. Meanwhile, frequent oscillations in forest policy and land tenure insecurity since the 1950s have led to the erosion of many local institutions and the loss of indigenous knowledge. We suggest that the long-term viability of the environment requires an interactive approach that involves local people as well as governments in the creation of environmental policy. We also suggest that enlightened self-interest can help economic development coexist with the needs of traditional cultures.

T. Daniels