Iwonka T. Eagle, Nicole Theis-Mahon, Michelle C. Arnett
IntroductionThe increasing prevalence of dental implants has brought greater attention to the prevention and management of peri-implant diseases, which can compromise long-term implant success. This systematic review evaluated the current evidence on oral self-care practices for maintaining peri-implant health in healthy, non-smoking adults.MethodsThis systematic review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420251028140). PICO methods and guidelines for the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine were used to develop the focus question, “What are the best practices for oral self-care for the prevention and management of peri-implant conditions and diseases?” Risk of bias was determined by applying the ROBIS Tool to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews and the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2).ResultsAcross 12 studies, interventions were categorized into five domains: toothbrushes, interdental aids, toothpaste, mouth rinses/topicals, and multi-modal self-care strategies. Powered toothbrushes, particularly oscillating-rotating models, demonstrated superior plaque and inflammation reduction compared to manual options. Triclosan-containing toothpastes consistently outperformed fluoride-only formulations in decreasing plaque, bleeding on probing, and pathogenic bacteria. Interdental aids such as interproximal brushes and oral irrigators were more effective than floss in reducing inflammatory markers. Stannous fluoride-based rinses showed potential anti-inflammatory benefits, while prolonged chlorhexidine use may elevate inflammatory cytokines.DiscussionA multimodal approach combining mechanical and chemical adjuncts was most effective for peri-implant disease prevention. These findings emphasize the importance of individualized, evidence-based home care protocols in preserving implant longevity and reducing peri-implant disease burden.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251028140, PROSPERO CRD420251028140.
Tufikameni Brima, Shlomit Beker, Kevin D. Prinsloo
et al.
Abstract Background In the search for objective tools to quantify neural function in Rett Syndrome (RTT), which are crucial in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, recordings of sensory-perceptual functioning using event-related potential (ERP) approaches have emerged as potentially powerful tools. Considerable work points to highly anomalous auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in RTT. However, an assumption of the typical signal-averaging method used to derive these measures is “stationarity” of the underlying responses – i.e. neural responses to each input are highly stereotyped. An alternate possibility is that responses to repeated stimuli are highly variable in RTT. If so, this will significantly impact the validity of assumptions about underlying neural dysfunction, and likely lead to overestimation of underlying neuropathology. To assess this possibility, analyses at the single-trial level assessing signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), inter-trial variability (ITV) and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) are necessary. Methods AEPs were recorded to simple 100 Hz tones from 18 RTT and 27 age-matched controls (Ages: 6–22 years). We applied standard AEP averaging, as well as measures of neuronal reliability at the single-trial level (i.e. SNR, ITV, ITPC). To separate signal-carrying components from non-neural noise sources, we also applied a denoising source separation (DSS) algorithm and then repeated the reliability measures. Results Substantially increased ITV, lower SNRs, and reduced ITPC were observed in auditory responses of RTT participants, supporting a “neural unreliability” account. Application of the DSS technique made it clear that non-neural noise sources contribute to overestimation of the extent of processing deficits in RTT. Post-DSS, ITV measures were substantially reduced, so much so that pre-DSS ITV differences between RTT and TD populations were no longer detected. In the case of SNR and ITPC, DSS substantially improved these estimates in the RTT population, but robust differences between RTT and TD were still fully evident. Conclusions To accurately represent the degree of neural dysfunction in RTT using the ERP technique, a consideration of response reliability at the single-trial level is highly advised. Non-neural sources of noise lead to overestimation of the degree of pathological processing in RTT, and denoising source separation techniques during signal processing substantially ameliorate this issue.
Tissue engineering offers a promising alternative for oral and maxillofacial tissue defect rehabilitation; however, cells within a sizeable engineered tissue construct after transplantation inevitably face prolonged and severe hypoxic conditions, which may compromise the survivability of the transplanted cells and arouse the concern of anaerobic infection. Microalgae, which can convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose through photosynthesis, have been studied as a source of oxygen supply for several biomedical applications, but their promise in orofacial tissue regeneration remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that through photosynthetic oxygenation, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) supported dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) energy production and survival under hypoxia. We developed a multifunctional photosynthetic hydrogel by embedding DPSCs and C. reinhardtii encapsulated alginate microspheres (CAMs) within gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel (GelMA) (CAMs@GelMA). This CAMs@GelMA hydrogel can generate a sustainable and sufficient oxygen supply, reverse intracellular hypoxic status, and enhance the metabolic activity and viability of DPSCs. Furthermore, the CAMs@GelMA hydrogel exhibited selective antibacterial activity against oral anaerobes and remarkable antibiofilm effects on multispecies biofilms by disrupting the hypoxic microenvironment and increasing reactive oxygen species generation. Our work presents an innovative photosynthetic strategy for oral tissue engineering and opens new avenues for addressing other hypoxia-related challenges.
Jishnu Pradeep, Faizal C. Peedikayil, Soni Kottayi
et al.
Background:
Stainless steel crowns are considered to be a practicable alternative in the restoration of carious primary tooth. This study was done to assess Indian pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of this technique and related factors with the use of the Hall technique (HT).
Methods:
A well-structured preused online questionnaire was sent to pedodontists practicing in India through various social media groups and emails. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize survey responses. A Chi-square test was employed to check the distribution of responders using the HT. Statistically P < 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.
Results:
A total of 210 pedodontists participated in this survey. 66.20% of the participants have <10 years’ experience; majority of the participants are in private clinical practice in urban areas. 97.14% of Indian pedodontists are aware of HT, and 22.54% regularly practice HT. 37% of the participants has apprehension of change in vertical dimension due to ooclusal changes and 35% of the participants fear of pulpal damage due to Hall technique. A significant number of pedodontists who have passed master of dental surgery (MDS) in pediatric and preventive dentistry <10 years ago (P = 0.034*), those from academic institutions (P = 0.048*), and those from urban areas (P = 0.045*) practice HT.
Conclusion:
A substantial proportion of the respondents were familiar with the HT, but considerably less number of participants use it regularly in clinical practice. There is a scope for increased practice of this technique so that the children in need of treatment of multisurface carious lesions can benefit.
Barbara Alves da Fonseca, Thaís de Oliveira Fernandes, Leonardo Santos Antunes
et al.
Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis on deciduous and permanent eruption publications to discuss the global trends and prospects on the topic. Material and Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the Scopus database. The characteristics of the publications, including co-cited authors, organizations, countries, most cited sources, publications, and keyword co-occurrence, were analyzed using VOSviewer software version 1.6.18. Results: After applying exclusion criteria, 492 studies were included in the analysis. The majority of research centers were located in Europe. "Archives of Oral Biology" emerged as the most frequently cited journal. The United States and Brazil were the most frequently cited countries in the publications. Notable co-authors included Kuchler E. C. and Hägg U. The most frequently cited keywords were associated with oral pathologies, tooth development, odontogenesis, and genetics. The most recent papers were published in journals focused on oral diseases. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis highlights that the future of research in this field is likely to be focused on the investigation of tooth eruption in both deciduous and permanent teeth, with an emphasis on genetics, tooth development, timing of tooth eruption, and syndromic conditions. While well-accepted in the fields of Pediatrics and Orthodontics, there is a growing interest in this topic within oral biology and pathology journals in the Americas, with the United States and Brazil leading in terms of publications and citations.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound particles derived from their original cells, which play critical roles in intercellular communication through their cargoes, including protein, lipids, and nucleic acids. According to their biogenesis and release pathway, EVs can be divided into three categories: apoptotic vesicles (ApoVs), microvesicles (MVs), and small EVs (sEVs). Recently, the role of EVs in oral disease has received close attention. In this review, the main characteristics of EVs are described, including their classification, biogenesis, biomarkers, and components. Moreover, the therapeutic mechanism of EVs in tissue regeneration is discussed. We further summarize the current status of EVs in pulp/periodontal tissue regeneration and discuss the potential mechanisms. The therapeutic potential of EVs in pulp and periodontal regeneration might involve the promotion of tissue regeneration and immunomodulatory capabilities. Furthermore, we highlight the current challenges in the translational use of EVs. This review would provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic strategies of EVs in dental pulp and periodontal regeneration.
Adrian J. Marcato, Miranda Z. Smith, James E. Fielding
et al.
Abstract Background The Australian First Few X (FFX) Household Transmission Project for COVID-19 was the first prospective, multi-jurisdictional study of its kind in Australia. The project was undertaken as a partnership between federal and state health departments and the Australian Partnership for Preparedness Research on Infectious Disease Emergencies (APPRISE) and was active from April to October 2020. Methods We aimed to identify and explore the challenges and strengths of the Australian FFX Project to inform future FFX study development and integration into pandemic preparedness plans. We asked key stakeholders and partners involved with implementation to identify and rank factors relating to the strengths and challenges of project implementation in two rounds of modified Delphi surveys. Key representatives from jurisdictional health departments were then interviewed to contextualise findings within public health processes and information needs to develop a final set of recommendations for FFX study development in Australia. Results Four clear recommendations emerged from the evaluation. Future preparedness planning should aim to formalise and embed partnerships between health departments and researchers to help better integrate project data collection into core public health surveillance activities. The development of functional, adaptable protocols with pre-established ethics and governance approvals and investment in national data infrastructure were additional priority areas noted by evaluation participants. Conclusion The evaluation provided a great opportunity to consolidate lessons learnt from the Australian FFX Household Transmission Project. The developed recommendations should be incorporated into future pandemic preparedness plans in Australia to enable effective implementation and increase local utility and value of the FFX platform within emergency public health response.
Reza Kouhi, Rahman Panahi, Ali Ramezankhani
et al.
Abstract Background and Aims Considering the increasing prevalence of dental services in the community and the impossibility of identifying each infected patient, hand sanitation is the most critical factor in controlling infection in these centers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention on the hand health behavior of the staff of Tehran dentistry clinics based on the health belief model (HBM). Methods In this quasi‐experimental study in 2017, 128 employees of the health centers were selected through a multistage sampling method and they were placed in two groups of intervention and control (each 64 people). The data was collected using a questionnaire devised by the researcher. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined. The questionnaire consisted of demographics, knowledge, structures of the HBM, and behavior variables. Then, the intervention was administered based on HBM‐based education. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 and independent t test, χ2, and repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results Before the intervention, the two intervention and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographic variables, mean scores of knowledge, constructs of HBM, and hand hygiene behavior (p > 0.05), while the intervention group was scored higher significantly compared to the control one after the intervention (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to the findings, the HBM can be used as a framework for designing educational interventions to improve hand hygiene behavior to control infection in health centers.
L. L. Arutyunyan, Yu. S. Morozova, S. Yu. Anisimova
et al.
Purpose. To compare the thickness of the prelaminar layer of nerve fibers and the depth of the lamina cribrosa in patients with diverse forms of open-angle glaucoma, measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Material and methods. 130 patients aged 71.4 ± 9.7 with stage II (advanced) glaucoma were divided into three groups depending on the form of glaucoma: group 1 of 39 patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG); group 2 of 26 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG); group 3 of 22 patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG). The control group consisted of 43 patients without ophthalmic pathology. All patients were scanned for the optic disc and the macular areas in the OCT Disk + Macula 3D regimen and in the Disk Raster regimen (Optopol Revo 60 OCT device (Optopol Technology, Poland). The depth of the lamina cribrosa (LC) and the thickness of the prelaminar layer of nerve fibers (tPLNF) were calculated.Results. No significant differences were found between the LC depth in patients with different forms of glaucoma compared with the control group. LC depth averaged 426.9 ± 98.7 μm (p < 0.164) in patients with POAG, 416.9 ± 161.0 μm (p < 0.818) with NTG and 425.5 ± 88.04 μm, (p < 0.18) with PEG. The thinnest layer of prelaminar nerve fibers was found in patients with NTG (134,0 ± 91.4 μM), where the value was half as much as the control (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the tPNFL parameter in POAG (193.2 ± 114.6 μm) and PEG (190.7 ± 115.3 μm) but both were significantly lower as compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.002) respectively.Conclusion. The study of LC parameters contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of optic neuropathy in diverse forms of glaucoma. It opens up new opportunities in the differential diagnosis and prediction of the glaucoma course.
Hannah G Dahlen, Maree Johnson, John Skinner
et al.
Objectives To critically evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Midwifery Initiated Oral Health-Dental Service (MIOH-DS) designed to improve oral health of pregnant Australian women. Previous efficacy and process evaluations of MIOH-DS showed positive outcomes and improvements across various measures.Design and setting The evaluation used a cost-utility model based on the initial study design of the MIOH-DS trial in Sydney, Australia from the perspective of public healthcare provider for a duration of 3 months to 4 years.Participants Data were sourced from pregnant women (n=638), midwives (n=17) and dentists (n=3) involved in the MIOH trial and long-term follow-up.Cost measures Data included in analysis were the cost of the time required by midwives and dentists to deliver the intervention and the cost of dental treatment provided. Costs were measured using data on utilisation and unit price of intervention components and obtained from a micro-costing approach.Outcome measures Utility was measured as the number of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from health-benefit components of the intervention. Three cost-effectiveness analyses were undertaken using different comparators, thresholds and time scenarios.Results Compared with current practice, midwives only intervention meets the Australian threshold (A$50 000) of being cost-effective. The midwives and accessible/affordable dentists joint intervention was only ‘cost-effective’ in 6 months or beyond scenarios. When the midwife only intervention is the comparator, the midwife/dentist programme was ‘cost-effective’ in all scenarios except at 3 months scenario.Conclusions The midwives’ only intervention providing oral health education, assessment and referral to existing dental services was cost-effective, and represents a low cost intervention. Midwives’ and dentists’ combined interventions were cost-effective when the benefits were considered over longer periods. The findings highlight short and long term economic benefits of the programme and support the need for policymakers to consider adding an oral health component into antenatal care Australia wide.Trial registration number ACTRN12612001271897; Post-results.
George Bullock, Joss Atkinson, Piergiorgio Gentile
et al.
The inclusion of biofunctional molecules with synthetic bone graft substitutes has the potential to enhance tissue regeneration during treatment of traumatic bone injuries. The clinical use of growth factors has though been associated with complications, some serious. The use of smaller, active peptides has the potential to overcome these problems and provide a cost-effective, safe route for the manufacture of enhanced bone graft substitutes. This review considers the design of peptide-enhanced bone graft substitutes, and how peptide selection and attachment method determine clinical efficacy. It was determined that covalent attachment may reduce the known risks associated with growth factor-loaded bone graft substitutes, providing a predictable tissue response and greater clinical efficacy. Peptide choice was found to be critical, but even within recognised families of biologically active peptides, the configurations that appeared to most closely mimic the biological molecules involved in natural bone healing processes were most potent. It was concluded that rational, evidence-based design of peptide-enhanced bone graft substitutes offers a pathway to clinical maturity in this highly promising field.
Ali Raad AbdulAzeez,1 Athil Adnan Alkinani2 1Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Uruk, Baghdad, Iraq; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Uruk, Bagdad, IraqCorrespondence: Ali Raad AbdulAzeezDepartment of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Uruk, St.52, Al-Wihda District, Baghdad, IraqTel +9647901635737Email aliraadabdulazeez@uruk.edu.iqPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the priority of periodontal plaque as a risk factor compared to other risk factors, namely hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II, regarding the initiation and severity of peri-implant mucositis, eventually reinforcing the importance of plaque control, periodic maintenance and supportive periodontic treatment after implant placement in order to prevent peri-implant diseases.Patients and Methods: A total of 58 patients (84 implants) were enrolled; each individual implant was considered as a separate sample first, then sampling by patient was also applied, implants were divided into group A: systemically healthy patients and B: patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II, the status of peri-implant tissue was followed after the healing abutment placement, with regard to implant mucosal index (IMI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP); when sampling was done by patient, the mean of scores of all examined implants in each patient was taken to represent one sample.Results: Group A implants showed higher mean scores of PPD (5.2 mm) than group B (4.2 mm) with significance (P = 0.014), and higher mean scores of BOP, group A = 0.71, group B = 0.45 with (P = 0.015); there was no statistical difference with regard to IMI, group A = 1.35, group B = 1.16 with (P = 0.172). Similar results were obtained when the sampling was calculated by patient; PPD: group A (5.31 mm), group B (4.75 mm) and P = 0.008, IMI: group A (1.34), group B (1.16) and P = 0.131, BOP: group A (0.75), group B (0.48) and P = 0.03.Conclusion: In the absence of proper plaque control, systemic diseases showed no impact on the initiation and severity of peri-implant mucositis when compared to systemically healthy patients.Keywords: mucositis, dental implant, dental plaque, risk factor
Gerhard Schmalz, Felix Krause, Martin Grzelkowski
et al.
Abstract Background Aim of this observational study with a three-month follow-up was to evaluate an educational concept for risk-oriented prevention applied by fifth-year undergraduate dental students. Methods Dental students from two clinical treatment courses of the last undergraduate year were included. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their assignment to the two clinical classes. Group A received a sequence of seminars, including the basics of a risk classification system (RCS) with the theoretical background and case studies in the context of preventive dentistry. Thereby, 1) a theoretical seminar (background, RCS, cases) and 2) the transfer of the RCS on a clinical patient case chosen by the student, and its presentation within a discussion round was applied. Group B served as a comparison group with students who did not receive any of teaching events in terms of RCS. The self-perceived knowledge and importance of RCS, as well as objective knowledge (qualitative questions), were assessed with a standardized questionnaire at baseline and after 3 months. Results Out of 90 students at baseline, 79 (group A: 39, group B: 40) were re-evaluated after 3 months. At this follow-up, Group A estimated their confidence in handling the medication (p = 0.02), the RCS (p < 0.01), and in identifying the risk of oral diseases (p = 0.02) higher than group B. Furthermore, group A felt it was more important to identify patients at risk (p = 0.02), the risk of complications (p = 0.02) and to apply an RCS (p = 0.03). At follow-up, group A exhibited more correct answers of qualitative questions than group B regarding risk of complications (p < 0.01) and bacteremia (p < 0.01). Group A felt more confident with at-risk patients and more competent concerning RCS than group B (p < 0.01). Conclusion The concept for educating risk-oriented prevention increased the self-perceived skills and the knowledge of undergraduate dental students after 3 months within a clinical treatment course.
M Sesha Reddy, Rajasekar Sundram, Hossam Abdelatty Eid Abdemagyd
FEM was technologically innovated which initially aimed at answering structural analysis difficulties involving Mechanics, Civil and Aeronautical Engineering. FEM basically stands for a numerical model of analyzing stresses as well as distortions in the form of any agreed geometry. There for the shape is discretized into the so-called ‘finite elements’ coupled through nodes. Accuracy of the results is determined by type, planning and total number of elements used for a particular study model. 3-D FE model was designed for in-depth qualitative examination of the relations amongst implant, tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone. Scholarly work equating work reliability, validated with a 3-D modeling suggested that meticulous data can be acquired with respect to stress distribution in bone. Comparative results from 3-D FEA studies showed that 3D FEA, when matched with in-vivo strain gauge measurements were corresponding with clinical outcomes. The aim of this review of literature is to provide an overview to show the application of FEM in (Short) implant dentistry.
Deanna Kepka, Holdunn Rutkoski, Lisa Pappas
et al.
HPV oropharyngeal cancers have now surpassed cervical cancer rates in the US. Dental providers' engagement in HPV education and vaccination efforts may help reduce the burden of HPV oropharyngeal cancers. We examined factors associated with oral health students' willingness to train and administer the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in dental settings. US students in 15 oral health programs participated in an online survey in 2016. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable logistic regression were conducted and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Analyses were conducted in SAS Version 9.4. Data from a total of N = 306 students were analyzed to examine sociodemographic, educational, practice, and attitudinal factors associated with willingness to train and administer the HPV vaccine. Majority of the participants were female (70.3%), non-Hispanic/Latino (90.8%), and White (62.1%). Perceiving that HPV vaccination recommendation (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.14–3.35) and administration (OR = 3.79, 95% CI = 1.63–8.81) was in the dental professional's scope was positively associated with outcome measures when other factors were held constant. Students with greater patient contact time (OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.14–17.58) and lower role conflict (agreed that HPV vaccine administration was in the dental professional's scope) had higher odds of willingness to administer the HPV vaccine when other factors were held constant (OR = 5.9, 95% CI = 2.27–15.3). The major barrier to engaging oral health students in HPV vaccination efforts was role conflict. Professional organizations and oral health programs should strongly support the role of oral health professionals in HPV oropharyngeal prevention. Keywords: Papillomavirus vaccines, Preventive dentistry, HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer, Health services research, Dental health education
Bhagyashree S. Jadhav, Ravindranath V. Krishnan, Vivek J. Patni
et al.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate and compare the force and load deflection rate generated by differing unit displacement through 1 to 4 mm of springs that vary in design (Double Delta Closing Loop, Double Vertical T Crossed Closing Loop, Double Vertical Helical Closing Loop and Ricketts Maxillary Retractor), constituting wire materials (stainless steel and beta titanium), and wire dimensions (0.017" × 0.025" and 0.019" × 0.025"). Materials and methods: Computer-assisted design (CAD) model of the said loop springs was created and converted to the finite element method (FEM). The boundary conditions assigned were restraining anterior segment of the loops in all the 3 axes and displacement of the posterior segment progressively only along the x-axis in increments of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm. Force and load deflection rate were calculated for each incremental displacement. Results: For all loop designs, force and load deflection rate increased with incremental displacement. Loop springs of beta titanium and 0.017" × 0.025" dimension showed lesser force and load deflection rate than those of stainless steel and 0.019" × 0.025", respectively. Ricketts Maxillary Retractor showed the least force and load deflection rate. Comparable force and load deflection values were found for 0.017" × 0.025" Double Vertical T Crossed Loop and 0.019" × 0.025" Double Vertical Helical Closing Loop. Conclusions: Variations in wire dimensions, materials, and designs have a profound effect on force and load deflection rate of the different loop springs studied.
In the work based on the study of 435 women with aggressive behavior, who is serving a sentence in a correctional facility, was to identify the basic mechanisms of aggressive behavior. The results of the study showed that the implementation mechanism of aggression is defined, to the greatest extent of clinical-psychopathological characteristics, which often play the role of a pivotal factor. In the context of the sentence the important role of personal, social factors and factors related to conditions of imprisonment, whose role in the mechanism of aggressive behavior: dispositional, predispositional catalyzing blocking provoking.