Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

Pham Quang Huy, Vu Kien Phuc

Abstract This study aims to conduct a thorough analysis to determine the key elements that contribute to the behavioral intention of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to adopt green transition. The statistical data used in this study were obtained from two rounds of data collected from individuals working in SMEs. This work utilized structural equation modeling to analyze the hypothesized interlinks. The analysis of the results confirmed the positive relationships between key elements in terms of their significance and effect size. The most stable elements of intention of green transition implementation were determined based on the degree of stability of the findings. In addition to expanding our understanding of the advantages of green transition in SMEs, the results of this study can provide guidance to SME leaders on how to improve their efficiency and effectiveness in the process of green transition practices. A more detailed understanding in this research can provide policymakers with the ability to establish laws and regulations for the transition towards sustainability.

Lucky Innocent Moamba, John Mamokhere

This study examines issues in the provision of low-cost housing in South Africa, using the Duduza community as a case study. The RDP was launched in 1994 to address historical inequalities caused by apartheid by providing affordable housing to disadvantaged groups. The right to access adequate housing in South Africa is enshrined in Section 26 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, which mandates the state to take reasonable measures to achieve this. Municipalities are also obligated to ensure sustainable service provision under section 152. This study adopted a qualitative research methodology. The semi-structured interview guides were conducted with RDP beneficiaries, non-beneficiaries, the ward committee member, the councillor and the government official. The study used a purposive sampling technique to identify the participants. The primary data collection process was followed using semi-structured interviews, and in the secondary data collection, the existing literature was reviewed. The data was analysed using a thematic content analysis approach. The results of this study show that there are governance issues in low-cost housing provision in the Duduza community, including challenges with resource allocation and institutional capacity, such as skilled staff, fraud, and community participation. Moreover, the study revealed that the quality of the houses is poor, caused by corrupt practices from private service providers, and unfair allocation persists. The Department of Human Settlements and Municipalities should enforce stricter oversight of contractors and building standards to ensure houses are built using SABS-approved materials and meet safety and durability standards. Independent inspectors should monitor compliance throughout the construction process. A zero-tolerance policy on corruption should be enforced, with criminal prosecution for corrupt activities.

Asma Aissaoui, Mehdi Hajri

In this study, an attempt is made to focus on the ethical behaviour of employees in Tunisian travel agencies and to clarify the ethical practices of the employees and how they affect customer satisfaction. This is based on a methodology grounded in a descriptive and analytical perspective through the formulation of a questionnaire to collect data, then analyzing them using SPSS software for a sample which consists of 136 clients who have relationships and dealings with Tunisian travel agencies. The results of the data analysis showed that the general level of customer satisfaction was high and statistically significant, in light of the multiple dimensions governing the adoption of ethical behaviours in dealing with clients.

MARILENA - ROXANA ZUCA, VICTOR MUNTEANU, ADRIANA HORAICU et al.

In an increasingly interconnected world of sustainable economic development, Europe is in the midst of a digital transformation. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) acts as a compass to guide policy makers, managers and citizens in this complex process and integrates key sustainability objectives. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) is based on four main dimensions, defined to measure digital competitiveness and economic sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, within the member countries of the European Union, the relationship between the level of digitization, measured through the value of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the losses caused by cyber risks, as well as that between the GDP value, as an indicator for measuring economic development and growth, and these losses. The research question around which the study was polarized is: The level of digitization constitutes an essential goal for the EU member countries. in order to promote a sustainable economy or is it an opportunity for the expansion of cybercrime? In this context, the objective of the research is to identify the relationships between digital evolution and sustainable economic development. For this, available data for 27 European countries were used, from databases available on the European Commission and Eurostat web pages. The basis of the scientific approach was the empirical research on the analysis of the need for digitization and the vulnerabilities of IT technologies that can generate economic crime. The research methodology is based on the linear regression model to explore, on the one hand, the dynamics of DESI, GDP at the level of EU member countries. and that of losses caused by cyber risks, on the other. In order to quantify the level of losses caused by cyber risks, descriptive and econometric analysis was used in SPSS version 25, analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient between variables, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of the Tukey HSD post hoc test ("Honestly Significant Difference") and statistical interference on qualitative data, using the z test, for the categories of variables discussed. The analysis shows that there are statistically significant positive relationships between the dynamics of the DESI Index and GDP, on the one hand, and that of losses caused by cyber risks, on the other, which shows us that digitization can influence the sustainable economic development of EU member countries.

TOMA GILDA

act : The monitoring of the public health system, of patients, can be effective through a careful contribution of family doctors, who have the major goal of preventing communicable diseases on the one hand, and chronic diseases on the other, through a transparent assessment made through the patient file, completed by computer, simply called "corona form". We thus understand that the role of the National Health Insurance House is to provide the settlement sent by the family doctors, automatically and completely (through SIU). This is how it can be explained, the important role of family doctors, which is reflected through a simplified and direct balance, doctors-patients-providers of medical services, respectively the National House of Health Insurance. Will this be a reason to choose a public health system or a private one? The legislation established for the introduction of co-payment must become a legal framework of ease in the health system, so that all insured persons can identify their own system of medical services, used both from a financial point of view, but also necessary. Any health system must be identified by universal access of the entire population to medical services, state or private, to benefit from quality and efficient medical services, to have equity for all members of society, regardless of age, sex, religion, social status, who may have the financial ability to pay. Solidarity in the health system remains in fact the principle that must characterize a healthy system, for society regardless of social, economic, political, demographic problems. Overall, we must consider that the health system with diversified funding ensures the safety of any patient, with care based on both evidence and from an ethical point of view, confidential and with transparent compensation possibilities, avoiding possible cases of malpractice.

MARTA CHRISTINA SUCIU, ANA-MARIA BOCĂNEALĂ, , OANA-RALUCA TOFAN, et al.

Digital transformation is essential for companies not only by adoption of new technologies but also by engaging in sustainable development of economies, of circular economies and by empowering people to adapt and embrace new challenges in order to face the new challenges. Collaborative economy, based on innovation, use of collaborative platforms may support responsible growth of economies. According to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), Romania ranks 27th of 27 EU Member States in the 2021 edition of the Digital Economy and Society. Romania has to take action for identifying, implementing policies to support collaborative economy and digital trasnformation.

K. Guo, Yongbo Yuan

Green residential buildings (GRBs) are an important part of the concept of green building. Although green buildings are well studied for geographic distribution and influencing factors, GRBs have not been fully explored or widely noted by parties involved in the building sectors. In this paper, we study the geographic distribution and influencing factors of 2134 GRBs that met the Green Building Evaluation Standard and obtained a green building logo in 2008–2016 in China. First, we analyze the geographic distribution and spatial correlation of GRBs with different star ratings at the provincial and municipal levels by natural break-point method and Moran’s index. Second, we study the aggregation degree of medium- and high-star GRBs in each province by development concentration index and define 42 leading cities with more favorable levels of GRB development. Third, we analyze the correlation between the GRBs’ number and 18 influencing factors covering the social economy and real estate market in the 42 leading cities. According to the analysis, this paper shows that (1) there are differences in the geographical distribution characteristics of different star green buildings in China. (2) The differences in geographical distribution and the spatial correlation of GRBs are more obvious in the study of municipal administrative division levels. (3) The local commercial residential building prices and the local residents’ economic and social statuses, education levels, and living standards are significantly positively correlated with the grade of GRBs.

DANIEL RUSU

So far, the present literature has not been able to fully explain the factors responsible for influencing the growth and development of the performance of new products as well as of the technological capacities within the Romanian SMEs. For this reason, following the evaluation of the existing literature, it was found that the poor performance of Romanian producing SMEs is attributed to their inability and inability to innovate. From this perspective, innovation is the specific function of the company's resources, along with technological capabilities. In conclusion, this study highlights and recommends in the abstract that product innovation performance and technological capabilities are significantly improved by involving other partners, most often gained through effective technological collaboration. Consequently, obtaining empirical validation of the model provides significant implications for all industry factors, policy makers, managers, owners and other stakeholders.

Lei Li, Lin Lu, Yuchen Xu et al.

Through the online booking platform, 10,543 big data of spatial and temporal distribution of Beijing hotel industry has been obtained in this paper. Then, the methods of GIS and the geographical detector are used to study the spatiotemporal evolution process and the influencing factors of Beijing hotel industry during 2003–2018. The results are as follows: a. During the period of 2003–2018, the hotel industry in Beijing maintained a high growth rate and had three growth peaks in 2008, 2010 and 2014. Meanwhile, major historical events, such as the Olympic Games had a significant influence on the development of the hotel industry. b. Between 2003 and 2018, the hotel industry in Beijing gradually developed from the centripetal agglomeration to aggregation + diffusion, and also from the single center to the multi-center. Besides, various hotels presented two characteristics of city orientation and scenic orientation. c. The natural geographical environment had shaped the overall pattern and characteristics of the spatial distribution of the hotel industry in Beijing, and the socio-economic factors such as commercial activities, public facilities, tourism services and traffic conditions significantly influenced the location selection of the hotel industry. Therefore, the urban center is the ideal area for the spatial layout of the hotel industry. d. Geographical detector research showed that the factors, such as administrative organs, road network density, leisure and recreational facilities, and companies have strong explanatory power for hotel location selection, which is an important reference index for hotels to select the micro location. This paper is a beneficial supplement to the existing research and has certain guiding significance for the sustainable development of Beijing hotel industry.

Carlos Bazan, Hannah Gaultois, Arifusalam Shaikh et al.

Abstract This systematic literature review aims at understanding the influence of the university’s environment and support system (ESS) in shaping the social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) of post-secondary education students. Social entrepreneurs play an important role in the economic and social developments of the communities in which they operate, thus many post-secondary institutions are starting to encourage more students to engage in social entrepreneurial behaviour. Consequently, there is a need for systematic approaches to evaluate the impact of various motivational factors related to the university’s entrepreneurial ecosystem that could affect the SEI of students. Based on a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis of the antecedents of the SEI of post-secondary education students, the authors proposed a customized SEI model that modifies and extend the one proposed by Hockerts (Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 2017) and Mair and Noboa (Social entrepreneurship, 2006). This study fills a gap in the literature by providing a methodology grounded in theory that can help universities to design their educational and other interventions aimed at encouraging more students to consider social entrepreneurship as a viable career choice after graduation.

VIOLETA GLIGOROVSKI , DRAGICA ODZAKLIESKA, GJORGJI MANCHESKI

As an introduction to this paper will be elaborated the concept of Social media targeting and focusing on the types of Facebook ads that are frequently used worldwide as the most exploited social media. The purpose of this paper is to create an ad on a Facebook business page (vegans products) and to show the importance of Facebook manager application as a tool for creating better performances of the on line business. The paper will give a short explanation how to create an ad and how to target the location of the viewers, their gender, education level, job title etc. Also, it will be explained how to create a budget and a schedule for the campaign and the placement of the campaign (devices types, platforms).

Xénia Keighley, S. Pálsson, Bjarni F. Einarsson et al.

Abstract There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the impacts of human arrival in new “pristine” environments, including terrestrial habitat alterations and species extinctions. However, the effects of marine resource utilization prior to industrialized whaling, sealing, and fishing have largely remained understudied. The expansion of the Norse across the North Atlantic offers a rare opportunity to study the effects of human arrival and early exploitation of marine resources. Today, there is no local population of walruses on Iceland, however, skeletal remains, place names, and written sources suggest that walruses existed, and were hunted by the Norse during the Settlement and Commonwealth periods (870–1262 AD). This study investigates the timing, geographic distribution, and genetic identity of walruses in Iceland by combining historical information, place names, radiocarbon dating, and genomic analyses. The results support a genetically distinct, local population of walruses that went extinct shortly after Norse settlement. The high value of walrus products such as ivory on international markets likely led to intense hunting pressure, which—potentially exacerbated by a warming climate and volcanism—resulted in the extinction of walrus on Iceland. We show that commercial hunting, economic incentives, and trade networks as early as the Viking Age were of sufficient scale and intensity to result in significant, irreversible ecological impacts on the marine environment. This is to one of the earliest examples of local extinction of a marine species following human arrival, during the very beginning of commercial marine exploitation.

Erin E. Easton, M. Gorny, A. Mecho et al.

Marion Weymes, Anna R. Davies

Abstract Attention to value, exchange and circulation has long been a central feature of trade flow analyses. More recently, scholars have sought to extend these frames to examine the ongoing movements of end-of-life goods; essentially examining the waste mobilities of commodities. These flows have particular geographies and practices of valuing and revalorization depending on the material and relational qualities of the commodities in question. However, surprisingly little analysis has taken place of the movement of food surplus within these debates and even less has been conducted with respect to the movements of surplus prepared food. In response, this paper examines the particular value choreography of redistributing surplus prepared food in San Francisco. Four initiatives, which use information and communication technologies (ICT) to help put this particularly challenging form of food surplus to further use, are analysed. Specific attention is given to the transitions, technologies and tensions that shape the [re]valuing of surplus food in places and as it travels across space and time amongst diverse actors. In conclusion, it is argued that while commercial economic values and logics play a pivotal role in opening up particular types of food for redistribution, actual practices of moving food along are suffused with a much more complex and shifting architecture of values and valuers.

Y. Qiu, Matthew E. Kahn

Amina H. Khan, E. Levac, Lou Van Guelphen et al.

An increase in greenhouse gas emissions has led to a rise in average global air and ocean temperatures. Increased sea surface temperatures can cause changes in species’ distributions, particularly those species close to their thermal tolerance limits. We use a bioclimate envelope approach to assess potential shifts in the range of marine macroalgae harvested in North American waters: rockweed ( Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus, 1753), serrated wrack ( Fucus serratus Linnaeus, 1753), knotted wrack ( Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis, 1863), carrageen moss ( Chondrus crispus Stackhouse, 1797), and three kelp species ( Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux, 1813; Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl et G.W. Saunders, 2006; and Saccharina longicruris (Bachelot de la Pylaie) Kuntze, 1891). We determined species’ thermal limits from the current sea surface temperatures associated with their geographical distributions. Future distributions were based on sea surface temperatures projected for the year ∼2100 by four atmosphere-ocean general circulation models and earth system models for regional concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Future distributions based on RCP 8.5 indicate that the presence of all but rockweed ( F. vesiculosus) is likely to be threatened by warming waters in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. Range retractions of macroalgae will have significant ecological and economic effects including impacts on commercial fisheries and harvest rates and losses of floral and faunal biodiversity and production, and should be considered in the designation of marine protected areas.

O. Robineau, P. Dugué

G. Venkataramani, Velraj Ramalingam, K. Viswanathan

Energy storage technologies have gained considerable momentum in the recent years owing to the rising tide of renewables. The deployment of energy storage is a trend set to continue into 2018 and beyond. In the near future, compressed air energy storage (CAES) will serve as an integral component of several energy intensive sectors. However, the major drawback in promoting CAES system in both large and small scale is owing to its minimum turn around efficiency. In the present work the major drawbacks associated with various existing configurations of CAES system are analysed. Interesting results of Isothermal CAES system are obtained through the present analysis to generate additional output energy compared to the supplied input by harnessing the free energy from the natural water bodies/ocean to enhance the overall turnaround efficiency of the system. The optimum operational characteristics of charging and discharging cycles are also addressed. In the present energy scenario, increasing the percentage of renewable energy (RE) share in the power generation is quite challenging since RE based power generation is intermittent in nature. The integration of energy storage technologies with RE source is imperative as it mitigates the intermittency of available energy. However, the development of efficient energy storage systems is one of the prime challenges in the promotion of renewable energy in a large scale. Among the various storage systems, electrochemical battery storage and pumped hydro storage (PHS) have attracted the commercial market. However, the shorter cycle life makes the battery storage more expensive and the PHS systems involves certain geographical and site constraints. Beyond the said storage systems, compressed air energy storage system which is one of the technically proven system has not been targeted the commercial market owing to its lower turnaround efficiency. Hence, the motivation behind the present research is towards developing efficient CAES configuration with higher turnaround efficiency thereby attaining economic feasibility and sustainability.

Robert Oppenheimer

T. M. Lopes, D. Bailly, Bia A. Almeida et al.

Climate change and species invasions interact in nature, disrupting biological communities. Based on this knowledge, we simultaneously assessed the effects of climate change on the native distribution of the Amazonian fish Colossoma macropomum as well as on its invasiveness across river basins of South America, using ecological niche modeling. We used six niche models within the ensemble forecast context to predict the geographical distribution of C. macropomum for the present time, 2050 and 2080. Given that this species has been continuously introduced into non-native South American basins by fish farming activities, we added the locations of C. macropomum farms into the modeling process to obtain a more realistic scenario of its invasive potential. Based on modelling outputs we mapped climate refuge areas at different times. Our results showed that a plenty of climatically suitable areas for the occurrence of C. macropomum occurrence are located outside the original basins at the present time and that its invasive potential is greatly amplified by fish farms. Simulations of future geographic ranges revealed drastic range contraction in the native region, implying concerns not only with respect to the species conservation but also from a socio-economic perspective since the species is a cornerstone of artisanal and commercial fisheries in the Amazon. Although the invasive potential is projected to decrease in the face of climate change, climate refugia will concentrate in Paraná River, Southeast Atlantic and East Atlantic basins, putting intense, negative pressures on the native fish fauna these regions. Our findings show that short and long-term management actions are required for: i) the conservation of natural stocks of C. macropomum in the Amazon, and ii) protecting native fish fauna in the climate refuges of the invaded regions.