Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Joshua A.N. van Apeldoorn, Julie S. Jansen, Eva L. Liefhebber et al.

Objectives: First-generation Turkish migrants in the Netherlands face higher cardiovascular risk and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the Dutch host population. To improve prevention in primary care, we explored their views and preferences on cardiovascular prevention. Design: We conducted a qualitative study by interviewing first-generation Turkish migrants in The Netherlands. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups, conducted in Dutch or Turkish, were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: We conducted 26 individual interviews and two sex-stratified focus group sessions. Participants were aware of CVD risk factors and related health hazards but struggled to adopt a healthy lifestyle, as family obligations, household responsibilities, and work often took precedence over personal health. All participants identified language barriers as a significant challenge, but opinions varied on whether it was necessary for GPs to understand Turkish culture. Some felt this was unnecessary, viewing GPs primarily as medical decision-makers or intermediaries for referrals to other (para)medics, with lifestyle advice outside their professional scope. They emphasized that GPs should ask openly about lifestyle rather than assuming that behaviours associated with a Turkish cultural background play a role. Conclusions: First-generation Turkish migrants in the Netherlands were aware of CVD risk, but personal responsibilities posed challenges in adopting a healthy lifestyle. Although views on the importance of GPs understanding Turkish culture varied, participants agreed that GPs should ask openly about lifestyle rather than assuming cultural relevance in cardiovascular prevention.

Eunsil Yim

Does the Soviet past continue to structure the social existence of Korean minorities thirty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991? This question is particularly relevant for Koreans who have chosen to “immigrate” to South Korea after more than half a century of isolation aggravated by sovietization and Russian cultural assimilation. An empirical analysis illustrates how the Soviet legacy has affected their migratory experiences, which are marked by professional precarity, social marginalization and cultural discrimination.

Antonio Alejo Jaime

Anna Giulia Ingellis, Lavinia Stornaiuolo

Over the last two decades, scholars have paid close attention to South-North intra-EU migration. In contrast, intra-Southern Europe migrations have not received the appropriate interest. This qualitative study, conducted between 2017 and 2019, investigates an emerging, fast-growing phenomenon: Italian migration to Spain, focusing on the Italian community in Valencia. Participant observation (virtual and traditional) and in-depth interviews (42) were used to study this migration process. Exploring the motivations to migrate, the subjective representation of the search for a better life, the meaning of lifestyle and the role of work in the migration process, the research explores how far it could be interpreted as a new lifestyle migration (LM) flow. The analysis reveals a complex combination of interrelated factors — like the Mediterranean lifestyle, good public services, low taxes, and cost of living — depicting the urban context of Valencia as a representative setting for a better quality of life.

Leonardo Francisco de Azevedo, Thais França, David Cairns

This article looks at the migration of qualified Brazilians to Portugal, with reference to the impact of political developments in Brazil on migration decision-making processes and their lifestyle aspirations in the host society. Original fieldwork consists of twenty in-depth interviews conducted with qualified Brazilians in the Lisbon area during 2019. These interviews illustrate how political and economic instability in Brazil contributed to establishing a strong migration imperative. In this scenario, Portugal is chosen as a destination due to its perceived social stability and emergence as a fashionable destination for skilled workers, with the promise of a “cosmopolitan” life. In conclusion, we emphasise the need to consider how political conditions in a sending society and lifestyle considerations interact in the migration decision-making of skilled migrants. This approach confronts assumptions that serve to disguise the precariousness of many Brazilian migrants in Portugal due to their relatively high skill levels and raising long-term concerns regarding the sustainability of lifestyle-oriented migration.

Pilia, Nicola

In this essay, I will analyse the crucial issues of dwelling and dispossession concerning refugees in the novel The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh. Political and environmental displacement is addressed within the framework of ‘slow violence’ as proposed by the landmark work of Rob Nixon, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor (2011). With the intention to define the Morichjhãpi refugees as a foreshadowing of the climate migrations involving the lives of the subalterns in South Asia, as argued by Brandon Jones (2018), the essay provides a historical background of the Morichjhãpi Massacre and studies the forced eviction narrated in the novel through the pages of Nirmal’s diary. Together with Kusum, the Marxist professor experiences the tragedy of the subalterns in the ever-changing ecosystem of the Sundarbans, bridging the gap between environmental and postcolonial categories while providing fruitful insights within the notions of human history and ecological deep time.

Asta Smedegaard Nielsen, Lene Myong

Through a close reading of media reporting from 2017 to 2018 on the case of the Chinese girl Liu Yiming, who was fi rst denied then granted residency in Denmark due to public pressure, this article analyses how regulation of family reunifi cation involving children is negotiated in the Danish public imaginary in the context of strong anti-immigration sentiments. This imaginary projects the white Danish public as eager to love Yiming and as aff ectively invested in reversing the injustice done to her and her family. The article suggests, however, that the outpouring of white love, which functions as an aff ective intervention imbued with the promises of reversing Yiming’s deportation, is deeply embedded in exceptionalist notions of the ‘integrated’ migrant and that it works to restore an idealised image of a Danish nation defi ned by ‘human decency’ as a core value. Thus, the analysis raises critical questions to the politics of white love and its promise of securing social change for the ‘integrated’ migrant through collective acts of white feeling.

Hugo Vermeren

John Scannell

One of the more virulent manifestations of a burgeoning virtual world is the very physical waste that underwrites its proliferation. Illegal e-waste dumping in Western Africa not only wreaks havoc on the ecosystems of its destination countries, but also bolsters the arsenal of the "419 scammers" and 'data miners,' in turn. As the pernicious nature of such online fraud is protested by Western media, and the global economic inequalities that foster such deception is conveniently ignored, the material vestiges of Western privilege are unwittingly recycled into the war machines of the '419 scam.' Wilfully blind to the global conditions that perpetuate the fraud, '419'" vigilantes or 'scambaiters' take it upon themselves to hunt the scammers as a way of 'turning the tables' on their operations. An online sport steeped in colonial tradition, the redoubtable scambaiters proudly display their "trophy" catches on online forums such 419eater.com and 419baiter.com. In contradistinction to the issues of morality that pervade the commentary on methods of the 419 scammers and scambaiters alike, this paper will focus instead, on the multiple creative possibilities, that are actualised by these encounters. It is argued, that such exchanges, even in their current lamentable state, at least facilitate unforeseen connections between parts of the world that had never once spoken at all. That the successful facilitation of these scams, whether on the part of scammer or scambaiter, require a level of research into their respective subjects, that brings Africa and the West into an unprecedented 'intimacy,' Even if the outcomes are ultimately antagonistic, and the relations produced "false" ones, this paper asks whether they might be identified as the nascent stages of a more productive 'powers of the false.' to make use of a concept by philosopher, Gilles Deleuze. That the forgery and fantasy used to negotiate the scams might actually have the effect of furthering conversation about the global iniquity that inspire them in the first place.

Silvia Maria Fávero Arend

Nesta narrativa histórica, de caráter ensaístico, foram analisadas as principais mudanças que se operaram nas famílias brasileiras das classes médias urbanas, entre 1980 e 2000. Estas alterações nas relações sociais estão associadas a um conjunto de fatores: aos movimentos sociais do Feminismo e da Contracultura, aos avanços da medicina e a difusão de valores individualistas e igualitários no Brasil. Estas mudanças estão expressas no conjunto de leis que entraram em vigor no país no referido período.

Roko Mišetić

The paper analyses Central Dalmatian territory in the 2nd half of the 20th century as one of demographically more progressive parts of the Republic of Croatia. Analyses of overall population trends and the dynamic components of overall trends (natural change and migration balance) have been made for the 1961 to 2001 period. The space has been analysed through its three components: the hinterland, the coastal area and the islands. The results have shown that all three components of Central Dalmatia have not been equally characterized by the cited demographic progression. Namely, by the analysis (dissection) of the dynamic components of the overall population trends, it was established that two out of the three spatial components of the Central Dalmatian territory were in a regressive, and only the smallest one of them in a progressive demographic phase throughout the entire analysed period. In this way, Central Dalmatia proved to be a space of differentiated demographic development with an unfavourable developmental structure, where population is concentrated in the narrow longitudinal coastal zone.

Katherine Elizabeth Clay

Katherine Clay has written her first graphic novel, 'From Penrith to Paris', based on experiences of her first semester in France. It deals with the issues of student life, the loss of cultural identity through language and what it means to come from the cultural wasteland of Sydney to the cultural capital of the world - Paris. Through these funny and often life changing experiences, she realises the value of her hometown and that culture, no matter how it is perceived, plays an enormous role in the shaping of individuals.

Bogdan Kolar

Predstavljeni so začetki cerkvene bratovščine, ki je skrbela za izseljence in doživela večji razmah v nemškem jezikovnem področju. Preko Avstrije so se z njo seznanili tudi Slovenci in jo v prvih letih 20. stoletja sprejeli kot obliko organiziranega dela za rojake po svetu. Prispevek je nastal na podlagi arhivskega gradiva, ki se nahaja v arhivu dunajske nadškofije, in časopisnih poročil.

Jelena Zlatković Winter

After a brief historical review of migrations in Europe, the paper focuses on current migration trends and their consequences. At the end of the 1950s, Western Europe began to recruit labour from several Mediterranean countries – Italy, Spain, Portugal and former Yugoslavia, and later from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Turkey. Some countries, such as France, Great Britain and the Netherlands, recruited also workers from their former colonies. In 1970 Germany had the highest absolute number of foreigners, followed by France, and then Switzerland and Belgium. The total number of immigrants in Western Europe was twelve million. During the 1970s mass recruitment of foreign workers was abandoned, and only the arrival of their family members was permitted, which led to family reunification in the countries of employment. Europe closed its borders, with the result that clandestine migration increased. The year 1989 was a turning point in the history of international migrations. The political changes in Central and Eastern Europe brought about mass migration to the West, which culminated in the so-called “mass movement of 1989–1990”. The arrival of ethnic Germans in Germany, migration inside and outside of the territory of the former Soviet Union, an increase in the number of asylum seekers and displaced persons, due to armed conflicts, are – according to the author – the main traits of current migration. The main part of the paper discusses the causes and effects of this mass wave, as well as trends in labour migration, which is still present. The second part of the paper, after presenting a typology of migrations, deals with the complex processes that brought about the formation of new communities and led to the phenomenon of new ethnic minorities and to corresponding migration policies in Western European countries that had to address these issues.

Eduard Martí Fraga

Sonja Podgorelec

Demographic research in regard to the islands of Cres and Lošinj belongs in the domain of small population studies. Throughout history, and especially after World War II, the islands experienced very strong emigration and later immigration processes. After fifty or more years of continual emigration, immigration began on the island of Lošinj in the 1960s, and on Cres in the 1970s. This reversal from strong depopulation to a significant increase in the size of the population, if the islands are examined as a whole, reveals certain demographic particularities in comparison with other Croatian islands. The long-term reduction of the birth rate and prolonged emigration from settlements in the interior of Cres and from all the islands of the Lošinj archipelago has been the cause of many elderly, single-person and abandoned households. All the analytical indicators pertaining to the age structure are above the threshold which marks the beginning of population ageing. The average age on all the islands has for over thirty years been well above 30, whereas in the Lošinj archipelago it has been above the reproductive age – i.e. about 50. The age coefficient varies between 14.02 for Lošinj and 49.22 for Ilovik. The island of Lošinj itself has the youngest population, and hence the lowest indicators of ageing. The burden on the working-age contingent on each island has changed at a different rate and in a different direction during the last three inter-census periods. The co-efficient of dependency of the young is increasing on all the islands, while the co-efficient of dependency of the elderly age groups is falling on Lošinj, Ilovik, Unije and Cres. The reduction of the birth rate and the negative migration balance caused by high emigration of mainly young, unmarried males has caused a seks ratio imbalance in favour of females. The general co-efficient of females, according to the 1991 census was between 105.7 on Lošinj and 145.5 on Unije. The co-efficient of females in the over 65 age groups indicates an even greater proportion of women in the population. On the entire Cres-Lošinj archipelago there is only one facility for the institutional accommodation of the elderly.

Katherine Elizabeth Clay

Katherine Clay has written her first graphic novel, 'From Penrith to Paris', based on experiences of her first semester in France. It deals with the issues of student life, the loss of cultural identity through language and what it means to come from the cultural wasteland of Sydney to the cultural capital of the world - Paris. Through these funny and often life changing experiences, she realises the value of her hometown and that culture, no matter how it is perceived, plays an enormous role in the shaping of individuals.

Nada Raduški

Population migrations are a significant social phenomen which undoubtedly left a mark on the last decade of the 20th century. Political changes in the 90’s made migrations even more relevant from a demographic, economic and legal aspect, taking into consideration not only their scope, but also the new specific forms of migration movements that arose (voluntary and forced migrations, ethnocentric migrations, refugees, displaced persons, etc.) along with their reasons and consequences. The violent disintegration of Yugoslavia and the subsequent creation of new ethnonational states and bouts of ethnic cleansing had as a consequence enormous population movements, as well as the creation of considerable number of refugees gravitating towards their mother countries. The large refugee wave which took refuge in Vojvodina exceeds, by its number, even the large colonization of this province after World War II. Apart from refugees, internally displaced persons of non-Albanian nationality, who immigrated from Kosovo and Metohija due to political reasons, are found in Vojvodina. Placed together, all this represents a significant problem, especially given the grave economic situation which the country is experiencing. Ethnocentric migrations (both voluntary and forced) were the driving force behind the change of the country’s ethnic structure in terms of creating more nationally homogeneous regions, not only with regard to the national structure of the refugee-population, but also taking into account the emigration of other nationalities as well (Hungarians and Croats) who migrated to their mother countries for political and economic reasons. Bearing in mind that Vojvodina is a multiethnic and multiconfessional region, the question of minorities and interethnic relations are unquestionably of great significance for the stability and demographic development of this region.

María Luz Espiro, Sonia Voscoboinik, Bernarda Zubrzycki

Resumen En este artículo abordamos el modo en el cual el control estatal y el racismo institucional en Argentina son contestados desde las prácticas de algunos migrantes senegaleses. Para ello analizamos dos casos de agencia: la trayectoria de Amadou y la marcha por la muerte de Massar Ba. En ambas situaciones hemos reconstruido el uso estratégico que los migrantes han hecho de las instituciones estatales, de las instituciones no gubernamentales, de los vínculos con académicos y de los medios de comunicación para canalizar sus demandas y mejorar su situación en el país. Así, al visibilizar la agencia de este colectivo migrante, buscamos despojarlos del status de víctimas y reconocerlos con capacidad de acción, de cambio, de toma de decisiones, iniciativas y riesgos.

Zvone Žigon

Kulturno ustvarjanje slovenskih izseljencev v Južni Ameriki v zadnjem desetletju sta nedvomno zaznamovala nastanek samostojne Slovenije in prehod iz enostrankarskega in ideološko determiniranega sistema v sistem parlamentarne demokracije. V Argentini, kjer živi največ oseb slovenskega porekla, je prišlo do novega modela kulturnega delovanja. Tudi slovenska politična emigracija je dobila »stik« z domovino, saj je bila pred tem »odrezana«, (samo=izolirana) od izvorne domovine.