Hasil untuk "Urbanization. City and country"

Valeriia Filinovych, Olena Derevianko, Anatolii Mykolaiets et al.

The article studies relations arising in connection with the use of gig contracts when working with remote workers / gig specialists within the framework of the gig economy. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the legal nature of gig contracts, identify their advantages and disadvantages, specify global trends in the digital economy in the context of ensuring the rights of workers in new forms of employment, and suggest improvements to protect the rights and freedoms of working citizens. In order to achieve the research aim, various approaches to gig economy and gig contracts are analyzed. Moreover, the characteristics of the gig work are identified within the legislative framework of the EU, USA, India, and Ukraine. Furthermore, the research examines whether gig workers are considered independent contractors. As a result, it is established that gig contract is a hybrid of a civil contract and an employment contract which combines flexibility in work and basic social guarantees. Apart from that, the legal instruments regulating gig contracts in Ukraine are studied to single out its main features and innovations. The article argues that the use of such tools is a response to the challenges associated with the labor market globalization and offers recommendations for improving the regulation of the gig economy in Ukraine based on international experience.

Thorben Sell, Anna Dunkl, Sebastian Henn et al.

Small-scale, often polarizing changes in the population structure characterized by migration, have a crucial influence on the current development of settlements in Germany. Although state and regional planning tries to manage related demands for residential areas, competition for potential migration gains on the municipal level often leads to an unregulated development of residential areas within the region. This paper therefore seeks to develop an approach for an inter-municipally coordinated planning of residential areas, which takes into account demographic developments, in order to reduce the overall land consumption. In a first step, the residential land requirements that can be derived from expected small-scale population movements are presented in the form of different scenarios for specific municipalities. In a second step, a screening approach is used to identify those municipalities that appear to be suitable for accommodating additional residential development land requirements on the basis of their amenities and accessibility. In a third step, the identified residential land requirements are assigned to test areas with the help of various indicators. The approach is illustrated using the example of the Halle-Leipzig region.

Suna Ersavaş Kavanoz, Nisa Erdem

The term ‘urban diplomacy' is used to describe the various activities performed that pertain to international relations between cities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the urban diplomacy of the city of Ankara in the context of bilateral cooperation. Qualitative research is used to determine the nature of measures related to bilateral cooperation and obtain relevant quantitative data. The department archives of the Department of Foreign Relations and the Directorate of Foreign Relations of Ankara Metropolitan Municipality were used for research purposes during March 8-9, 2022. The study concludes that diplomatic bilateral cooperation within the city of Ankara was conducted according to the parameters of Turkish foreign diplomacy and in harmony with national diplomacy. It was also concluded that the relationship between urban politics and bilateral cooperation was influenced by the same political party controlling both central and local governments. In terms of the relationship with urban policies, activities related to bilateral cooperation are determined as a means of promoting the city, rather than providing urban services for Ankara.

Florian Weber , Jörg Liesen, Friedericke Weber et al.

Die Verankerung der nachhaltigen Regionalentwicklung als gesetzliche Aufgabe für die über 100 Naturparke in Deutschland in § 27, Abs. 1 Nr. 6 Bundesnaturschutzgesetz im Jahr 2002 führte zu neuen Impulsen in der Naturparkarbeit, wie Friedericke Weber im Rahmen quantitativer und qualitativer Erhebungen für die Jahre 2010 und 2011 herausarbeitete. Neben Chancen zur Profilbildung wiesen die Analysen gleichzeitig auf Herausforderungen hin, die einer fundierten perspektivischen Aufgabenerfüllung hinderlich gegenüberstehen könnten. Forschungs- und gleichzeitig praxisorientiert wird auf der Grundlage einer erneuten standardisierten Umfrage auf gleicher Befragungsbasis wie 2011 bei den Naturparken der Frage nachgegangen, wie im Jahr 2020 die Geschäftsführer*innen die Potentiale und Restriktionen der Aufgabe der nachhaltigen Regionalentwicklung im Portfolio ihrer Gesamtzielsetzung und ihrer Ausrichtungen bewerten. Aus einer konzeptionellen Perspektive heraus zeigt sich, dass die Naturparke mit ihrem vernetzenden Handeln zentralen Kriterien der regional governance-Debatte entsprechen. Konzeptionell und praktisch eingeordnet, verbleiben darüber hinaus Unschärfen, was unter „nachhaltige Regionalentwicklung“ zu subsumieren ist, eng gekoppelt an die Begriffsweite von „Nachhaltigkeit“. Anwendungsorientiert unterstreichen die Befragungsergebnisse im Zeitvergleich gleichzeitig, dass die Naturpark-Geschäftsführer*innen in vielen Bereichen positive Entwicklungsperspektiven konstatieren. Der Weg in Richtung zu Regionalmanagern in „Modellregionen nachhaltiger Entwicklung“ ist von den Naturparken in Deutschland damit weiter beschritten worden.

Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi, Freydon Babai Aghdam, Kiomars Naimi

Introduction Almost half of the world's population lives in cities. According to the report (UN-HABITAT) Urban areas in the next 30 years, They will be the most important centers of world population growth and with this increase in population, Planners and governments of developing countries They face the challenge of high poverty growth rates. However, The manifestation of poverty that was once more characteristic of rural areas, Today it has become more and more urban. One of the main consequences of increasing poverty in cities and urbanization of poverty, housing shortage and the increasing formation of lower urban settlements, The population of these settlements for 2020 is estimated at 889 million people Lower urban settlements or what is commonly called "informal housing". It is one of the problems facing today's cities, especially at the local level. After years of remediation trials, it is still the lower urban settlements They are a fundamental challenge for cities. In dealing with the phenomenon of spontaneous and inferior urban settlements Various approaches and programs have been used That experience has shown That physical dominance approach and without addressing the needs, wants and priorities of the local community and weak participation of local communities and the absence of stakeholders in the planning and implementation process, Many things have become inefficient.in this study using the intellectual base of foresight, In order to explain the plan The new approach foresight in this area, To discuss and review identify key factors, The amount and How Effectiveness And explain These conditions possible And finally formulate possible scenarios and identify optimal scenarios affecting the future status of urban slums in Sanandaj. Methodology This research is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose and it is descriptive-analytical in nature based on new methods of futures research. Library-field method, questionnaire and environmental scanning technique were used to collect information.The questionnaires were completed through a group of experts and experts in the field of housing planning and development. In order to conduct research, various futures research techniques are used, including environmental scanning, interaction / structural impact analysis and scenario writing. Has provided a comprehensive combination in presenting a new method of urban studies foresight. Also from specialized futures research software such as MICMAC and SCENARIOWIZARD For the first time in urban studies with emphasis on planning studies of lower urban settlements, has been used in this study. Which is one of the key features of this research. Results and discussion Finally results reveal that, 54 operating in 6 areas by environmental scanning, affecting the future status Urban Slums and inner city and eventually identified 54 of these after the review and how these factors impact on each other and on the future status Residences No. 12, which had the key to the future status of Urban Slums and inner city plays were selected by defining the conditions of each factor in the future progress of these residents may be the number 45 has been designed. By 45 × 45 matrix based on scripting and using the knowledge of experts in the relevant fields to assess the efficacy of each of the states on the occurrence or non-occurrence of other states, using the software SCENARIOWIZARD, 3 strong scenarios, 14 High compatible scenarios(unbelievable) and 250 weak scenarios were detected that this study  to analyzes 14 High compatible scenarios. The collection After the conclusion of three scenarios were presented. Conclusion The first scenario as the most likely scenario is not of High desirability The further continuation of the status quo With slow growth And interstitial Is. The second scenario as the most favorable scenario Which reflects better conditions And optimistic with the gradual growth Is to improve And The third likely scenario is more indicative of interstitial and static situations and crisis. Finally for Recreation of Sustainability Should be targeting And formulate effective policies Trying that favorable conditions in the scenarios will be realized in the future And the adverse and critical situations to be taken. Hence a number of general strategies are presented: - Focus on key drivers affecting the future status of Sanandaj lower urban settlements and efforts to better manage them - Having a strong program-oriented macro-country management and also having a dynamic economy in the country - Implementing policies in rural areas and small towns to control migration to the city of Sanandaj and create population stability in the province - Efforts to control land and housing prices as well as formulate policies to provide efficient housing - Strict supervision of land around the city and management during construction on the outskirts of the city - Efforts to increase the influence of local institutions and increase institutional trust - Efforts to improve the environmental status of these settlements by the city administration - Efforts to raise the level of literacy of the people and encourage the formation of new reference groups

Christian Smigiel, Angela Hof, Karolin Kautzschmann et al.

Short-term rentals in general and Airbnb in particular are currently in the public focus. Using the example of the city of Salzburg with a mixed-method approach, this paper examines both the spatial characteristics and the stake-holder structure associated with this form of platform urbanism. Specifically, the paper provides insights into the spatial distribution, supply and revenue structure, motives of hosts and effects of Airbnb on the housing market. It becomes evident that Airbnb’s idea of shared housing in the sense of the so-called home sharing plays a subordinate role. A new market has developed between the hotel business and regular apartment rentals, which is determined primarily by commercial providers serving the Airbnb market in Salzburg. We argue that Airbnb creates a new form of rent gap, which is no longer preceded by a prior devaluation of districts. This earnings gap now also arises in urban areas that can be described as stable in terms of both price and socio-demographics, since profit increases can be achieved within a very short period of time and with little financial effort. The effects on the housing market are significant, especially in the heavily touristic frequented inner city areas of Salzburg, which cause or intensify processes of change.

Margarita Trlin, Daniela Cattaneo, María Silvia Serra

En esta conversación se convoca a la arquitecta Margarita Trlin por su condición de referente en Argentina a la hora de pensar –y articular– abordajes posibles en torno a la gestión, diseño e intervención en espacios educativos. Interesa su mirada desde el presente y también el conocer cómo ha ido tramando, a lo largo de más de tres décadas de trabajo sostenido en torno a la arquitectura escolar, un posicionamiento que tiene al abordaje interdisciplinario como una constante, persiguiendo integrar, cada vez, otros saberes, otras miradas, otras lógicas y otros actores. La invitación a esta conversación, también desde un abordaje interdisciplinar, tuvo el objeto de procurar desentrañar las lógicas subyacentes de este recorrido, desde las a priori casuales hasta las más mentadas.

Carmen Guida, Gennaro Angiello, Andrea Tulisi et al.

Starting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always remaining in the groove of rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. During the last two years a particular attention has been paid on the Smart Cities theme and on the different meanings that come with it. The last section of the journal is formed by the Review Pages. They have different aims: to inform on the problems, trends and evolutionary processes; to investigate on the paths by highlighting the advanced relationships among apparently distant disciplinary fields; to explore the interaction’s areas, experiences and potential applications; to underline interactions, disciplinary developments but also, if present, defeats and setbacks. Inside the journal the Review Pages have the task of stimulating as much as possible the circulation of ideas and the discovery of new points of view. For this reason, the section is founded on a series of basic’s references, required for the identification of new and more advanced interactions. These references are the research, the planning acts, the actions and the applications, analysed and investigated both for their ability to give a systematic response to questions concerning the urban and territorial planning, and for their attention to aspects such as the environmental sustainability and the innovation in the practices. For this purpose, the Review Pages are formed by five sections (Web Resources; Books; Laws; Urban Practices; News and Events), each of which examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage of interest for TeMA.

Job Hubert, Engelbauer Manuel, Engels Barbara

In diesem Beitrag wird die Repräsentativität der deutschen Biosphärenreservate diskutiert. Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Vereinten Nationen dienen dafür als theoriegeleiteter Analyserahmen. Deutschland erreicht derzeit einen Anteil von rund 16 Prozent der Landfläche, die unter striktem Naturschutz stehen. Es stellt sich somit kein Mengenproblem, vielmehr steht die Frage der Anzahl, räumlichen Verteilung und inhaltlichen Qualität von Schutzgebieten im Vordergrund – hier der Biosphärenreservate. In bisherigen Arbeiten wurde ausschließlich die naturräumliche Repräsentativität der Biosphärenreservate in Deutschland beleuchtet. Das ist für die Bedeutung dieser Gebiete, die dem Paradigma der nachhaltigen Entwicklung explizit verpflichtet sind, nicht ausreichend. Deshalb zielt der Beitrag darauf ab, raumstrukturelle und sozioökonomische Defizite im Netz der deutschen Biosphärenreservate aufzudecken. Dazu werden zu ausgewählten Nachhaltigkeitszielen aussagekräftige Parameter analysiert und in Form thematischer Karten präsentiert. Weiter wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit die existierenden Biosphärenreservate in der Lage sind, als Modellregionen für nachhaltige Entwicklung ihrer gewünschten Vorbildfunktion für den Rest der Welt nachzukommen.

Benno Albrecht

Benno Albrecht, Director de la Escuela de Doctorado de la Universidad IUAV de Venecia, a partir de una rica experiencia en el ámbito profesional y académico, destaca la importancia y el rol insoslayable de los centros históricos en el desarrollo sustentable del paisaje de la ciudad contemporánea. Sus reflexiones e investigaciones han sido ilustradas y exhibidas recientemente en la exposición Il Bel Paese. 1 proyecto para 22.621 centros históricos que este arquitecto junto a Anna Magrin ha presentado en el Palazzo della Triennale de Milán. Según Albrecht: “el proyecto de la ciudad histórica es la contribución italiana más importante a la investigación internacional en el campo de la arquitectura y el urbanismo, un modelo teórico y operativo que se ha extendido por todo el mundo. La exposición es un homenaje al trabajo de Leonardo Benevolo, el inventor principal de este proyecto”. En esta dirección, agrega que “conservar el valor de la permanencia es una forma evolucionada y actualizada de responsabilidad cívica y proyectual”. Los defensores del patrimonio compartido han sido los constructores de una Italia diferente que se basa en la exaltación de la belleza.

Huseyin Ceylan, Ozgur Baskan, Cenk Ozan

Since car ownership is an important determinant to analyze car travel behavior especially in developing countries, this paper deals with modeling and forecasting car ownership in Turkey based on socio-economic and demographic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, Gasoline Price (GP), car price and number of employees by using multiple nonlinear regression analysis. Although most of the studies on this subject prefer using annual data, we use monthly data for the analysis of car ownership since all explanatory variables and exchange rates used for the modeling are unstable and vary even in a short period in developing countries such as Turkey. Thus, it may be possible to reflect the effects of socio-economic and demographic indicators on car ownership more properly. During the modeling process, exponential and polynomial nonlinear regression models are set up and then tested to investigate their applicability for car ownership forecasting. Based on results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the polynomial models has been selected to forecast car ownership for the year 2035. In order to reveal the possible different trends of the independent variables in future, car ownership is forecasted along the scenarios which are related to the GDP per capita and GP. Results show that Turkey’s car ownership may vary between 230 and 325 per thousand capita in 2035 depending on economic achievements, global oil prices and national taxation policies. The lowest and the highest values of the car ownership may provide insight to car producers and transport planners in Turkey. Another significant result presented in this study is that car ownership rate will be substantially lower in Turkey than that in the European Union countries despite it has an increasing trend in the past two decades.

Andrea Pavoni

Martín Carné

<p>El trabajo examina las racionalidades políticas de las autoridades socialistas del Departamento Ejecutivo Municipal de Rosario para, en materia habitacional, gobernar entre 1989 y 2007 a la población asentada en las villas de emergencia de la ciudad con la hipótesis de que tales racionalidades incorporaron a lo largo del período razonamientos y cálculos asociados con el neoliberalismo y el workfarismo, tendiendo así tanto a involucrar a esta población en su mejoramiento habitacional como a compensar déficits de infraestructura y equipamiento en las villas ideando herramientas normativas promotoras del lucro de actores del sector privado vinculados con el desarrollo del mercado inmobiliario.</p>

Giuseppe Mazzeo, Laura Russo

Land take is a phenomenon of great concern nowadays because of the large number of its negative impacts regarding biological, economic and social balance. In Italy, the development of urban and other artificial land has been irreversibly transforming a non-renewable resource such as soil, regardless the almost constant population rate, with different speed depending of the region considered. The aim of this paper is to analyze the phenomenon in the metropolitan area of Naples, which is an area highly affected by territorial aggression of human matrix. The data used are both by the Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) Report 2015 on the usage of the land and by ISTAT relating to the resident population up to the 1st of January 2015 and the extension of land for agricultural use (Census 2010). The mathematical combination of this data creates a new indicator that can be referred to as “residual land”; this residual area is of great extension with many different characteristics and it could represent the area where the phenomenon of land take most occurs. The identification, measurement and analysis of “residual land” provide new insights on the evolution of land take and this new indicator can represent a critical element to work on to prevent future land transformation and protect natural and agricultural areas within the Italian context.

Sonja Deppisch, Daniel Dittmer

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Main topic was how to deal with the challenges of climate change impacts in urban planning and development. The second explorative study reflects research results on the readiness to apply the resilience concept to urban planning dealing with change and local infrastructure in a small community. The scenario process showed that applying social-ecological resilience thinking to urban planning helps to critically reflect so far taken paths in local built infrastructure, to take on an integrated perspective and to develop new and innovative strategies for further land-use development. Nevertheless, such a process requires additional financial as well as human resources and translation exercises. 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Gülseren Mungan Yavuztürk

This paper takes up cinema magazines published in Ankara between the years 1927 – 2005. The publishing elements that appeared in the said historic period are studied chronologically, based on the limited number of documentation and publications, and evaluated in sociocultural terms.

Jana Kenzier, Hans Joachim Kujath, Amelia Walter et al.

Walter Siebel

Horst Lutter

Eine stringentere Anpassung der Energieversorgungsplanung an die vorhandene Siedlungsstruktur und die Siedlungsentwicklung hilft die energiepolitischen Ziele der Regierungen von Bund und Ländern umzusetzen. Insbesondere in der Wärmeversorgung können durch siedlungsangepaßte Konzepte erhebliche Potentiale der Energieeinsparung Ölsubstitution und Umweltentlastung ausgeschöpft werden. Das interministrielle Arbeitsprogramm „Örtliche und regionale Energieversorgungskonzepte“ des Bundesministers für Forschung und Technologie und des Bundesministers für Raumordnung Bauwesen und Städtebau soll die Möglichkeiten und Auswirkungen von siedlungsangepaßten, integrierten Energieversorgungskonzepten an konkreten Modellstädten und -regionen erforschen. In diesem Beitrag werden die ersten Erfahrungen der 25 Modellkonzepte des Arbeitsprogramms ergebnisorientiert ausgewertet. Mit einer groben siedlungsstrukturellen Typisierung in Verdichtungsräume und Großstädte, Klein- und Mittelstädte sowie den ländlichen Raum wird versucht, die verschiedenen Konzeptbausteine einer siedlungsstrukturellen Bewertung zu unterziehen. Neben Maßnahmen zur Energieeinsparung im Gebäudebestand und bei der Neubauplanung werden dabei die Ausbaustrategien der leitungsgebundenen Energieversorgungssysteme (Fern- und Nahwärme, Gas) sowie der Einsatz von konventionellen Energieträgern behandelt. Schließlich sind für die drei Siedlungstypen drei – bereits abgeschlossene – Modellstudien im Überblick dargestellt.

Dietrich Fürst, Marion Lahner, Kim Pollermann

The article discusses the potentials of using patterns of regional governance for natural resource management (e.g. water, nature protection, landscape formation). The empirical basis refers to biosphere reserves. After clarifying shortly the main concepts used (regional governance, collective goods, place-making, biosphere reserve) and after summarizing the sparse literature on the subject the article discusses the lead question on the basis of the approach of “actor-centred institutionalism” (Scharpf). Linking the concept back to empirical findings we come to the conclusion that Regional governance is principally possible and effective if supported by place-identity of regional actors and promotors to channel the resulting powers into collective actions.