Abstract The cerium oxide nanoparticles were made using the sol-gel acrylamide process, which eliminated the requirement for any organometallic precursors. The manufacture of cerium oxide nanoparticles used ammonium persulfate as a gelling agent and acrylamide and N-methylene-bis-acrylamide monolayers as cross-linking polymers.. The XRD structural analysis of the cerium oxide nanoparticles' reveals that the crystalline size varied from 7 nm to 17 nm, and all of the peaks match a cubic structure. As the calcination temperature rose, the microstrain dropped from 9.13 x 10 − 3 to 7.20 x 10 − 3 , and the dislocation density was also measured. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HTEM) was used to analyze the morphology of the particles, which have a size range of 8 to 19 nm at different temperatures such as 300, 400, and 500 0 C. The elemental analysis that EDXA performs gives details on the elements that are present in our samples. The UV-diffuse reflectance measures how much light a sample absorbs, reflects, or transmits. The energy band gap between 3.3 and 3.5 eV was discovered by Tauc’s plot. We currently employ a variety of methods to remediate it. Among the methods for dye degradation is semiconductor-assisted photocatalysis. In this work, we use CeO 2 as the catalyst to examine the materials' photocatalytic performances in a batch reactor under UV light irradiation in order to degrade Reactive Green 19 (RG19), Reactive Orange 84 (RO84), and Reactive Violet 1 (RV1). The enhanced catalytic activity was noticed for 300°C calcined samples in the case of Reactive Violet 1 dye, with a higher degradation rate constant compared with other dyes. The samples calcined at 300 o C exhibited highest degradation efficiency 99.9% (time − 180min, pH = 9, and at 0.4 g/L loading. Further, detailed investigations were made to understand the degradation of the organic dyes under the influence of various photocatalytic reaction parameters, like effect of pH of dye, concentration of the dye and photocatalyst dosage.
Francisco Ortiz-Navas, Juan Navarro-Gregori, Pedro Serna
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of macrosynthetic polypropylene fibres as shear reinforcement in a concrete crack. An experimental study was conducted using twenty push-off specimens with varying volumes of fibres, along with plain concrete specimens as a reference. The testing methodology allowed for the analysis of crack kinematics by measuring the evolution of normal and shear stresses in relation to slip and crack opening. This facilitated the creation of diagrams similar to those presented by Walraven (1980) for crack interface shear transfer, but in this case, applied to concrete reinforced with macrosynthetic polypropylene fibres. The findings demonstrate that macrosynthetic polypropylene fibres significantly enhance shear behaviour, particularly when their volume exceeds 8 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. This study provides valuable insights into the behaviour of macrosynthetic polypropylene fibres under shear loading conditions and highlights their potential benefits as effective shear reinforcement.
Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Maria Sawiak, Bernardo A. Souto, Lelia Lawson
et al.
The lyocell process offers an environmentally friendly strategy to produce regenerated cellulose fibre from biomass. However, it is critical to recover and reuse the <i>N</i>-methyl-morpholine-<i>N</i>-oxide (NMMO) solvent to maximize the environmental benefits and lower the cost. This article reviews NMMO recovery and characterization techniques at the lab and industrial scales, and methods to limit the NMMO degradation during the process. The article also presents the results of a pilot study investigating the recovery of NMMO from lyocell manmade cellulosic fibre (L-MMCF) manufacturing wastewater. The work described includes the development of a calibration curve for the determination of NMMO content in aqueous solutions using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Successful NMMO recovery from the wastewater was achieved using a rotary evaporator: the final NMMO concentration was 50, i.e., ready for use in the lyocell process, and no NMMO degradation was observed. The knowledge in this paper will support advances in L-MMCF manufacturing and the reduction in textile environmental footprint.
Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
This communication is an overview of the results of the IGF research project 21622 BR Development of novel, stab-resistant protective clothing using continuous fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing. The individual steps of the processing and the further publications are summarized.
Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., Engineering machinery, tools, and implements
Katarzyna Czyż, Anna Wyrostek, Agata Wojdon
et al.
Demand for alpaca fiber is subject to an increase, which is due to its beneficial properties. The study aimed to determine the differences in physical and mechanical properties, as well as heat insulation properties of alpaca fibers differing in color. The research material consisted of Huacaya alpaca fiber samples of white (W), light fawn (LF), medium fawn (MF), dark fawn (DF), and black (BLK) colors. The following properties were examined: diameter, comfort factor (CF), breaking force, elongation at break, tenacity and heat transfer rate. The finest fibers were found in W and DF fleece, while the coarsest ones in MF. CF was the highest in DF fibers. Breaking force LF varied between 6.4 (DF) and 11.7 cN (BLK), while elongation at break was 43.6 (LF) to 54.7% (BLK). No significant differences were found in case of tenacity. The best insulation properties were found for DF fibers. Correlations were confirmed between diameter and mechanical properties, and they differed slightly depending on colors.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
The rapid technological advancements of Industry 4.0 are reshaping the fashion industry, emphasizing the need for innovative tools and digitally skilled professionals. This study explores the integration of 3D virtual prototyping into fashion design education and its impact on fostering creativity, enhancing technical skills, and preparing students for contemporary industry demands. Drawing upon a detailed literature review and an in-depth case study from the Department of Creative Design & Clothing at the International Hellenic University, this research examines the pedagogical and creative outcomes of incorporating 3D design tools. The implementation of a structured course in 3D virtual prototyping provided students with theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience using advanced software. Findings indicate that 3D design knowledge enhances spatial visualization, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, while fostering sustainability awareness. The open-themed project assignments encouraged individual and collaborative exploration, empowering students to push creative boundaries while honing technical expertise in virtual garment design, fabric simulation, and rendering techniques. However, some challenges were observed, including the steep learning curve associated with mastering 3D design tools and difficulties managing time during iterative design processes. Despite these hurdles, the experience fostered a deeper sense of confidence and adaptability among students, equipping them to navigate the demands of the evolving apparel industry. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on digital skill development in fashion education, emphasizing the critical role of experiential learning in preparing students for the demands of the modern apparel industry.
Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., Engineering machinery, tools, and implements
Femiana Gapsari, Thesya Marlia Putri, Wirabbany Rukmana
et al.
Bio-nanocomposite attracts a lot of attention in composite studies and in this article is observed the composite with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforcement. Several types of potential fiber as reinforcement have been published and there is one type of interesting fiber due to its large population, namely Muntingia calabura, which is considered as agricultural waste. Muntingia stems also have the characteristics of being easy to dry, elastic, and soft which are potential to be used as a composite. In order to have high fiber performance, the manufacture of cellulose nanofibers needs to be analyzed for their characteristics. The characteristics of Muntingia fiber were enhanced by applying the chemical treatment using 8% of NaOH and 0.5% of NaClO. Next, mechanical treatment using an ultra-fine-friction grinder was performed to derive the CNF from the fiber. The chemical treatment roughened the fiber surface and decreased the impurities, lignin, and hemicellulose in the fiber. It was proven by the lignin bond chain (C-C) with the smallest intensity of 31.03% and the surface morphology was observed through SEM. The highest crystallinity index of Muntingia fiber was obtained from bleaching-treated Muntingia of 83.29%, affecting the percentage of total fiber weight lost by 28.75%. The lower the percentage of fiber weight loss, the higher the thermal resistance. This study showed that Muntingia fiber is potential to be used as one of the alternative fibers for bio-nano composite.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
The inferior mechanical and water absorption properties of natural fibers are massive challenges to utilizing them for industrial applications. The study aims to enhance tensile strength, impact strength, water absorption, and degradation of sisal/polyester composites using glass and carbon fillers. Four fillers proportions (2.5 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 7.5 wt.%, 10 wt.%) and two sisal fiber proportions (20 wt.% and 30 wt.%) were taken to fabricate the composites. Experimentations were performed according to the ASTM standards. The fillers improved tensile and impact strength, water absorption, and degradation of the composites. Carbon-filled composites displayed better results than the corresponding glass-filled composites. Carbon fillers showed a maximum increment of 24.2% in tensile and 78.5% in impact strength for the dry 20/80 composites, and 14.7% in tensile and 57.3% in impact strength for the dry 30/70 composites. Moreover, carbon fillers reduced water absorption by 55.4% for the 20/80 composites and by 53.6% for the 30/70 composites. The highest values of tensile and impact strengths were obtained for the 5 wt.% carbon-filled 30/70 composite; whereas, the lowest water absorption was for the 10 wt.% carbon-filled 20/80 composite. The lowest degradation of 2% in tensile and impact strengths was exhibited for the 7.5 wt.% carbon-filled 20/80 composites.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Milašinović Marko, Špiler Marko, Knežević Snežana
et al.
The purpose of the research is to use the ratio analysis to determine the level of efficiency of companies engaged in the production of textiles in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2017 to 2019. The research was conducted on a sample of three companies engaged in the production of textiles, whose shares are listed on the Belgrade Stock Exchange. The paper observes their management efficiency: total assets, fixed assets, current assets, inventories, trade receivables and trade payables. The research determined that fluctuations in the values of the used efficiency indicators were present during the observed period. Further, it was determined that there is a significant space for improving the efficiency of the observed textile companies. The results of the research can be important for the management of the company, owners (shareholders) of the company, investors and creditors.
Fabric image retrieval, a special case in Content Based Image Retrieval, has high potential application value in many fields. Compared with common image retrieval, fabric image retrieval has high requirements for results. To address the actual needs of the industry for Mélange fabric retrieval, we propose a novel framework for efficient and accurate fabric retrieval. We first introduce a quantified similarity definition, soft similarity, to measure the fine-grained pairwise similarity and design a CNN for fabric image representation. An objective function, which consists of three losses: soft similarity loss for preserving the similarity, cross-entropy loss for image representation, and quantization loss for controlling the quality of hash code, is used to drive the learning of the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can not only achieve effective feature learning and hashing learning, but also effectively work on smaller datasets. Comparative experiments illustrate that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Chemical technology
Prabu krishnasamy, G. Rajamurugan, S Aravindraj
et al.
These articles presents an experimental investigation on mechanical, vibration, and wear behavior of (aloevera/flax/hemp/wire mesh/BaSO4) laminated composite. The mechanical characterization was performed with ASTM standard specimens. The free vibration performance was analyzed under two clamping conditions and boundary conditions (clamp-clamp & clamp-free). The wear test trails were accomplished using a pin on disc at different process parameters like sliding speed (3–5 m/s), sliding distance (1000 m) and applied load (10–30 N) under sliding dry environment at room temperature of 28 ± 5◦C. The scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the interaction between the matrix and reinforcement interface after the failure. The experimental results revealed that the addition of wire mesh and BaSO4 filler in the fabricated composite Aleovera+Hemp+Wiremesh+Flax+Aleovera+BaSO4 composite (C4) increased the tensile strength by 8.68% compared to Aleovera+Hemp+Wire mesh+Flax+ Aleovera (C3) composite and it also depicts that the addition of wire mesh and BaSO4 as reinforcement has improved 5.42% of flexural strength compare to Aleovera+Hemp+Flax+Aleovera+BaSO4 composite (C2). The addition of BaSO4 improved the hardness in both C2 and C4 composites. The 5% addition of BaSO4 enhanced the natural frequency of the composites. Among the composites, the C4 has shown the highest coefficient of friction during the experimental trials.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Markos Petousis, Nectarios Vidakis, Nikolaos Mountakis
et al.
In this work, we present an effective process easily adapted in industrial environments for the development of multifunctional nanocomposites for material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing (3DP). The literature is still very limited in this field, although the interest in such materials is constantly increasing. Nanocomposites with binary inclusions were prepared and investigated in this study. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used as the matrix material, and cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were used as nanoadditives introduced in the matrix material to enhance the mechanical properties and induce antibacterial performance. Specimens were built according to international standards with a thermomechanical process. Tensile, flexural, impact, and microhardness tests were conducted. The effect on the thermal properties of the matrix material was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopic analysis was conducted. The morphological characteristics were evaluated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) analyses. The antibacterial performance of the prepared nanomaterials was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (<i>S. aureus</i>) and Escherichia coli (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria, with a screening agar well diffusion method. All nanocomposites prepared exhibited biocidal properties against the bacteria tested. The tested PLA/1.0 CNF/0.5 Cu<sub>2</sub>O material had 51.1% higher tensile strength and 35.9% higher flexural strength than the pure PLA material.
Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
The autonomous and efficient learning of sewing gestures by robots will bring great convenience to the garment industry. To improve the accuracy of robots in detecting sewing gestures with high similarity, three detection models based on deep learning are proposed in the paper. First, in order to improve the detection accuracy and detection speed of sewing gestures under complex backgrounds, we added a dense connection layer to the low-resolution network layer of YOLO-V3 to enhance the transmission and reuse rate of image features. Secondly, a deeper ResNet50 residual network is introduced to replace the VGG16 basic network in the original SSD model. The feature pyramid structure is used to fuse high-level semantic features and low-level semantic features, which can improve the detection accuracy of small-sized sewing gestures. Finally, the parallel spatial-temporal dual-stream network separately extracts the temporal feature and the spatial feature of sewing gestures. The fusion of time feature and space feature improves the detection accuracy of the coherent sewing gesture. The results show that the suggested three models can effectively detect four sewing gestures with high similarity. Among them, the spatial-temporal two-stream convolutional neural network has the highest detection accuracy. The improved SSD model has faster detection speed than the improved YOLO-V3 model and other mainstream algorithms.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Chemical technology
Currently, the known possible shades obtained for coloring silk fabrics using enzyme catalysts such as peroxidase are limited to a few shades of brownish tint. For the oxidative dyeing method using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to become common, it must be able to produce a more diverse range of colors; this is a problem that must be solved. The purpose of this study is to obtain various colors by dyeing natural phenolic substrates using HRP in various buffers (acetate, citrate, phosphate buffer) and various pH levels (3 ~ 9). We emphasized color diversity, which was achieved through the exploration of six different natural aromatic compounds: gallic acid (GA), guaiacol (GAC), p-coumalic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), catechol (CAC) and caffeic acid (CFA). We also performed a methodological survey of reaction processing parameters. The colored products generated through HRP catalysis were analyzed using UV-vis. The color of the dyed fabrics was analyzed using the CIE L*a*b* color space system. As a result of the experiment, we obtained silk fabrics with various color depths from each buffer system. This suggests that the desired color and tone of dyed silk fabrics can be achieved by adjusting the buffer system and pH value.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Jasminka Butorac, Ružica Brunšek, Milan Pospišil
et al.
The amount and quality of fibres depend on a whole range of factors, the most important being variety, agroecological conditions, agrotechnics and the degree of fibre flax plant maturity, the purpose for which flax is grown, retting and processing. The retting of fibre flax is the most complex stage in the processing of flax into fibre. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about the acclimatization ability of foreign varieties that can potentially be adapted to climatic in Republic Croatia. Therefore, this paper presents the results of achieved agronomic traits (dry stem yield, dry stem after retting, total fibre yield, long fibre yield, share of total fibre and share of long fibre) of five foreign varieties of fibre flax. The selected varieties were retted in very soft, medium hard and hard water. Variety trials with fibre flax were set up over three years (2012–2014) at two locations (Zagreb) on anthropogenized eutric cambisol and (Križevci) on pseudogley on level terrain. The trials were carried out according to the RCBD in four replications. According to the results of the three-year research into the agronomic traits of fibre flax, significant differences were identified among the varieties studied. The varieties Agatha, Viola and Electra recorded the highest values of studied traits. Statistically significant differences were only recorded among different water hardness for long fibre yield in 2012 and share of total fibre in 2013 in Zagreb. The highest yields and share of fibres were recorded when the fibre flax was retted in very soft water.
Jawad Ahmad, Mohamed Moafak Arbili, Ali Majdi
et al.
Natural fibers are an excellent alternative since they are inexpensive and easily accessible in fibrous form. Several researchers claim that jute fiber (JTF) can be used in concrete to improve its strength and durability performance. This review describes the characteristics and potential uses of some jute fibers in concrete. The main theme of this review is to summarize the effect of JTF on fresh properties of concrete, strength parameters, and durability characteristics. It can be concluded that jute fibers improved strength and durability aspect but decreased the fluidity of concrete in a similar way to synthetic fibers. However, there is little research available on the durability of concrete reinforced with JTF. Furthermore, the optimum percentage of JTF in concrete is critical as the higher dose adversely affects strength and durability characteristics due to lack fluidity. The typical range of optimum dose of JTF varies from 1% to 2% depending on the length and diameter of jute fibers. The review also identifies the key for future researchers to further, enhance the properties of concrete reinforced with JTF.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Chemical technology