Hasil untuk "Special types of environment"

Boštjan Batič, Sabina Ograjšek, Katja Košir et al.

Objective. This survey aimed to identify which activities that can lead to multitasking librarians do at the same time as their online professional development at work, and how often they perform them. Approach/Methodology/Design. The survey was conducted using quantitative methodology, with a survey questionnaire as the measurement instrument, which examined the age of the respondents, the type of library where they work, the location from where they attend online professional development and the activities they carry out during their online professional development. The survey included 593 librarians employed in 2024 in one of the different types of libraries included in the COBISS system. Results. The results indicate that participants do perform additional tasks during their professional development sessions, but only occasionally or rarely. The performance of additional activities varies statistically significantly between participants according to the type of library they work in and their age, and the performance of some activities also varies according to the location where they are receiving the training. The most frequently reported multi-tasking activities during the online professional development are additional work tasks, interaction with co-workers and reading and writing e-mails unrelated to the training. Participants with the highest reported rates of multitasking are from the national library and special and higher education libraries. In terms of age, younger participants (aged between 20 and 39) were the most frequent multitaskers. Limitations. The data were not collected immediately following a single online professional development session and was gathered retrospectively, which may have caused participants to have difficulty recalling information. Additionally, the use of a survey questionnaire may introduce response bias. Practical Application. The results of the survey can help us to be aware of these issues when planning online professional development sessions. Social Significance. Addressing the problem of multitasking may help discourage such behaviour among learners, and alert online professional development planners to the problem of an inappropriate learning environment that allows too many distractions. Originality/Value. The article presents previously unknown information and data about the implementation of multitasking performed by librarians from various types of libraries while engaging in online professional development at the workplace.

Mohammad Mehdi Artimani, Hossein Zeinivand

Introduction In many regions, ecosystem sustainability and environmental security have become more fragile. Because watersheds are dynamic systems, their hydrological function and health are constantly changing under the influence of land use, climate change, and human interventions. Since the destruction of the ecosystems of a watershed has harmful economic and social consequences, in recent decades there has been a general tendency to evaluate the relative conditions or health of watersheds on a national and local scale. Ecologists have paid special attention to the study of how natural resource ecosystems respond to different types of stress caused by human activities. The watershed sustainability index (WSI) can be considered as an effective tool in watershed management including priorities monitoring changes and influencing factors on ecosystem management. In recent years, various studies and plans have been conducted to preserve natural resources and achieve sustainable development. The sustainability of watersheds includes four important goals of regulating the water flow regime, maintaining and improving water quality, maintaining the ecological quality of plants and animals, and energy resources. In this context, the pressure-state-response (PSR) model has been introduced and used for a comprehensive assessment of the health of an ecosystem. The conceptual model of PSR was developed using a set of criteria expressing environmental performance. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability level of the Bujin watershed.   Materials and methods One of the methods for evaluating watershed sustainability is the use of the conceptual pressure-state-response model (PSR). Applying the causal-effect PSR model using theWSI criteria in the form of four sub-criteria of hydrology (qualitative and quantitative), environment, life, and policy-making, one can evaluate the sustainability of the watershed numerically. In this method, considering the available data and information to investigate each sub-criteria, the parameter values are determined in three modes of pressure, state, and response, and in the scoring range from zero to one, five categories are converted to quantitative mode. Therefore, the PSR framework has three types of criteria: pressure criteria that evaluate environmental pressure resulting from human activities (waste, sewage), and state criteria that express environmental conditions (water quality). and the response criteria that evaluate the society's reactions (water quality) and the response criteria that evaluate the society's responses (policies, laws, management). The sub-criteria and parameters used in this research were determined based on the index selection criteria published by the HCTF Habitat Protection Fund in 2003. Sub-criteria were investigated based on three conceptual model parameters in 10 years for the Bujin watershed. The WSI criteria were calculated at three low, medium, and high levels to assess the watershed sustainability.   Results and Discussion According to the results, the value of the pressure parameter and the quantitative status of the basin's hydrology in terms of available water variable is in class (C), i.e. in the range of 3400 > AW > 1700, which is a poor condition. The average scores were obtained for the water quality part (0.583), which shows the average to low status. The average score for the hydrology sub-criterion was 0.375, which indicates a poor situation in this region. The values of pressure, state, and response parameters for the sub-criterion of life in the Bujin watershed, during the 10 years studied, indicate a change in the state from weak to moderate. The results also showed that the pressure parameter with a score of 0.75 and the response parameter with a score of 0.625 had the highest and lowest scores for evaluating the sustainability of the Bujin watershed, respectively, indicating an appropriate response to reduce the pressure applied to the ecosystems. Sub-hydrology index with a score of 0.16 and environment with a score of 1 had the lowest and highest priority for the management of the basin ecosystem. According to the distribution maps of the criterion for evaluating watershed sustainability in conventional watershed systems during the period (2006-2016), the standard level of watershed sustainability at the beginning of the period was lower than the middle class (score 0.59) and in the middle of the period was in the middle class (score 0.62) and for the end of the period, it was upgraded to the upper than the middle class (score 0.7).   Conclusion The priorities of achieving sustainable development (the priority in improving the conditions to promote the level of sustainability and achieve sustainable development) are different, and it is important to know which sub-criterion should be improved first and which parameter the decision-makers should pay attention to avoid wasting time, money and energy, and to take faster development steps in an area. Evaluation of relative conditions of watershed sustainability using the PSR model is very useful for providing appropriate management strategies because according to the nature of the conceptual model, a specific dimension of watershed health is explained. Bujin watershed has an unstable condition in the sub-index of hydrology and a good condition in the sub-index of life and human development, although, for this watershed, obtaining a score of 0.7 for WSI criteria in the whole watershed showed that the level of watershed sustainability in the 10 years is in the middle class and it is necessary to pay more attention to improve the level of sustainability and health of the watershed.

Yurij G. Ivanov, Dmitry A. Ponizovkin, Arina A. Odintsova

In this study, three types of skin cleaning: dry, wet, and wet cleaning with special cleaning agents were compared. It was conducted on six Holstein cows using a special climate camera. The methodology consisted of registration of skin temperature and pulse rate of cows under the temperature of 25 °С to 35 °C, relative humidity from 50% to 75%, and airspeed from 0.5 to 2.0 m s-1 using different methods of skin cleaning. The study was conducted over four days: before and after skin cleaning with different methods. The skin temperature was recorded in three areas using a pyrometer and thermal camera. It was determined that by temperature increasing from 25 °С to 35 °С and relative humidity from 50 % to 75 %, the skin temperature was increased by 14.3% using dry cleaning, by 11.8% using wet cleaning, while by 11.6 % using wet cleaning with a special cleaning agent. After wet cleaning, the pulse rate in animals decreased to 9.5%, and after wet cleaning with a special cleaning agent, it was 10.7% higher than before skin cleaning. Also, the pulse rate decreased after the wet cleaning by 9.5% and after wet cleaning with a special cleaning agent by 10.7%, which allowed about reducing the influence of heat stress with skin cleaning under higher temperatures and relative humidity. Moreover, an increase of the airspeed directed at the animal from 0.5 m s-1 to 2.0 m s-1 reduced the increase in skin temperature during dry cleaning to 12.0%, during wet cleaning up to 8.4%, and during wet cleaning with special cleaning agents up to 8.1%. Experiments proved that the researched skin cleaning methods decreased the elevation in body surface temperature, increased heat transfer and sweat evaporation, upraised heat exchange between cows and the environment, and reduced the impact of heat stress. The most effective methods of decreasing heat stress are wet cleaning and wet cleaning with special cleaning methods compared with dry cleaning methods.

Fateh Ali Baloch, Muhammad Hassan Agheem, Akhtar Hussain Markhand et al.

Farzaneh Mohamadpour, Hesam Kamyab, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan et al.

A new environmentally friendly plan was created to make dihydropyrano [2,3-c]pyrazole structures without using metals. This plan involves combining ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehyde derivatives, and malononitrile in a radical tandem Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation reaction. We used metal-free methylene blue (MB+) to create special functions that respond to light. These functions can transfer electrons and energy in water at room temperature using light as a source of energy in the air. The amount of product made is pretty consistent (between 81 and 98 %, with an average of 91.8 %), and it gets made quickly (between 3 and 7 min, with an average of 5.3 min). The important thing mentioned in the conversation is that the process can handle different types of chemicals while still being fast and giving good results. The results show that this special technique is a successful and easy way to get good results in just one step. Methylene blue is used with very little amount to make a chemical reaction happen. This leads to high amounts of product, saves energy, and is good for the environment. It helps use up all the starting materials efficiently, saves time by not needing to separate chromatography, and reduces waste. This photocatalyst is easy to use. This creates many different types of characteristics in the environment and chemicals that last a long time. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of dihydropyrano [2,3-c]pyrazole scaffolds were calculated. It is interesting that cyclization on a gram scale can be achieved, showing that this technique can be used in industries.

L.I. Khasanova, S.I. Petrova

The article presents the experience of teaching the Udmurt language to children of 4–7 years old within the framework of the experimental programme “Zarni Bugor” (“Zolotoy Klubok”) on the basis of a preschool institution in Agryz of the Republic of Tatarstan. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that in recent decades representatives of indigenous nationality have begun to move away from their native language and ethno-cultural values expressed in it; generations of those who do nоt know the customs, history, culture, traditions of their nationality are growing up. This ex- plains the fact that a special section has appeared in the Federal State Educational Standard of Pre- school Education aimed at reflecting the national and cultural conditions in which the educational process is carried out. The purpose of the study is to analyse an experimental programme on the Udmurt language and culture in a multiethnic region. The novelty of the work lies in the creation and testing of an experimental programme to familiarise preschool children with the Udmurt lan- guage and culture based on Russian and Tatar languages. The main method of research is a critical analysis based on constant monitoring of children and control pedagogical diagnostics. The project is carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Language and Literature of Udmurt State University within the framework of the scientific and educational center “Innovative design in a multilingual educational environment.” The experiment was conducted in 2020–2023, i.e. for three academic years, 19 children participated in it. Ethnic composition of the group of chil- dren included Russians (42%), Tatars (32%), Udmurts (26%). The majority of children were from Russian-speaking families (89%), two children (11%) knew Tatar at an elementary level, no child knew Udmurt. The effectiveness of the experimental programme was confirmed by the control pedagogical diagnostics. The level of learning in the process of introducing children to the Udmurt language and culture amounted to 84.5% in general. The success of the programme involves active participation of parents in various types of children’s activities. The experimental programme “Zarni Bugor” is a technological product for the creation of national and cultural conditions in the educational process of preschool education in a multicultural region.

Ing. arch. Natália Filová, assoc. prof. Ing. arch. Lea Rollová, PhD., assoc. prof. Ing. arch. Zuzana Čerešňová, PhD.

Museums are complex architectural works with many distinctive elements. One of the most significant museum features are routes or paths on which visitors circulate museums and perceive exhibitions. Children and people with special needs often have specific demands on physical accessibility of the surrounding environment, chronological arrangement of spaces and amount of information presented at a time. The arrangement of functional units in museum layouts affects wayfinding in space, understanding of the exhibition, as well as visitor guidance. The order in which people visit particular segments in a museum can also be described as one of the most important architectural and operational characteristics of this type of cultural buildings and areas. The article examines ways of arranging spaces in a museum building and the suitability of their application. These forms are evaluated based on various aspects; some of the created effects are studied, e.g. creation of a desired atmosphere. Existing concepts are compared and supplemented with other theoretical knowledge. The article aims to present variant suitable ways of composing routes that would meet the needs of different people, and bring them a quality leisure and educational experience from a museum tour. Various types of museum layout organisation and arrangement of exhibition spaces are illustrated with abstract schemes, as well as with specific case studies of five selected museums. The selection consists of architecturally exceptional and high-quality museums in Central Europe, which are able to attract a whole range of various groups of people including a younger audience. They are examples of both modern museums in this area and route planning options. The case studies highlight interesting local ideas, space concepts, routing methods, and also solutions for increasing inclusion of all visitors and children in particular.

David Pina, David Pina, Paloma López-Ros et al.

Background: Workplace violence is a social problem of special interest in both intervention and research. Among the sectors that most perceive this type of violence, health care professionals stand out. The most common type of violence for this professional group is the one perpetrated by the users or patients themselves. It has been reported that one out of every four acts of violence in the workplace occurs in the healthcare setting. Within the health sector, the Mental Health, Emergency and Primary Care services have been widely reported as being among the most vulnerable, with Primary Care being the least addressed of the three. Although the available literature is extensive, there are hardly any studies that explore from a qualitative perspective what are the sources of conflict in this sector from the perspective of the users, the most common being to work with professionals.Objective: The aim of this study is to examine those aspects derived from the organization, the professionals or the users of Primary Care that, from the users' point of view, cause violent situations and how they think these could be avoided.Method: The sample consisted of 80 users of the Primary Care services of the Health Service of Murcia. For data collection, a qualitative study was conducted through 10 focus groups and a subsequent thematic analysis of the data.Results: The results have allowed us to identify that, from an organizational point of view, the uncertainty in waiting times, the need to adapt the telematic or telephone appointment to the different types of users, or the management of emergencies in Primary Care are the aspects that cause most conflicts between users and professionals. In this sense, suggested improvements are aimed at providing information in the mobile application updated on the opening hours or maintaining the telephone appointment for those who need or request it, among many others. As for the professionals, users point out that the medical staff is perceived as distant and sometimes does not provide enough information on the health status of users. Another professional group widely addressed in the focus groups was the administrative staff, being described as lacking in communication skills, assertiveness, or empathy. Users recognize the existence of a demanding/aggressive profile among users, who makes instrumental use of violence to achieve privileges over users in general. We have also identified the profile of the user who makes use of Primary Care as a way of socializing or managing conflicts of a socioemotional nature. As proposals for this thematic block, users suggest group therapies, the use of audiovisual material complementary to the information provided by professionals or community interventions in psychoeducation.Conclusion: This study allows to explore conflicts between users and professionals from the Primary Care patients' perspective. Our results are complementary to the available evidence that has used the professional's approach to study the phenomenon of workplace violence. The identification of sources of conflict and the assessment and contribution of users on possible ways of improvement can serve as a basis for the design of prevention and intervention plans to improve the work environment in Primary Care centers.

Demiroglu Niiara B.

The article emphasizes the need to consider the institutional environment of small businesses as the basis for ensuring the implementation of the state strategy for business development during the period of overcoming the consequences of the economic crisis that arose as a result of the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The comparative characteristic of the definitions “institutional environment” and “institutional environment of entrepreneurship” of domestic and foreign researchers is carried out. Conclusions are made about the need to study the interaction of elements of the institutional environment of entrepreneurship development in Russia. The stages of formation of the institutional environment of small business are summarized. The composition and structure of small business entities in recent years have been analyzed. The problems affecting the decrease in the level of the business climate are systematized. The institutions for supporting small businesses (the fund for support (development) of SMEs in the region, the SME corporation, Skolkovo, territories of advanced socio-economic development, special economic zones, industrial parks, etc.), which provide various types of support for entrepreneurs: subsidies, tax incentives, preferential lending, non-financial support, government guarantees. The role of the state as the initiator of the creation of various institutions that support the development of small business and implements programs for the strategic development of small and medium-sized businesses, stimulating the growth of investment potential, is emphasized. To conduct the research, the author used both theoretical and empirical methods.

Ann Fisher-Wirth

I am a Professor of English and Director of the Interdisciplinary Minor in Environmental Studies at the University of Mississippi. Mississippi is a conservative state, and environmental education is not part of many schools’ general curricula. As a result, many Mississippians have little awareness of or interest in environmental issues, and that includes some students when they begin the course “Humanities and the Environment,” the mandatory gateway course for the minor, which I teach every year. Last spring, I interviewed my students regarding the role that the environmental humanities can play in confronting our dire climate emergency. This, in general, is what my students cited as the power of the environmental humanities: to engage the senses, to make us more attentive to the world around us, to stimulate the heart and the imagination. “To a large population,” one biology major said, “sciences are meaningless without a story, an emotionally driven story, that is fact-based. By nature, science is devoid of sympathy. The humanities bring emotion and therefore empathy.” Another, also in biology, concurred. “The humanities supplement scientific understanding,” she said; “they incorporate questions of value, ethics, and history.” Whereas science gives statistics, “the humanities make instances real.” And because the instances are made real, people are made to care.

Natalya Yu. Koroleva

Problem and objective. The article provides theoretical basis for model for forming of readiness of future teachers to activity in virtual social and educational environment based on development of their digital competences. Analysis of types of activities of a future teaches listed in the Federal State Educational Standards (3++) for Higher Education and areas for application of their digital competences reveals their interconnection and provides opportunities for development of digital competences of a future teacher in the framework of suggested masters program build up based on the analysis of approximate profile of teachers digital competences. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of digital competences of a teacher and the logic for build-up of subject training of future teaches at masters level for their successful and effective professional activity in the conditions of virtual social and educational environment based on development of their digital competences. Results. The research analyzes the content of basic digital competences of a teacher; suggests a model for development of professional readiness of a future teacher to activity in a virtual social and educational environment based on development of digital competences; formulates basic content for masters program Digital Technologies and Network Interaction in Education, Pedagogical Education, Professional Education, Additional Education based on development of digital competences of a future teacher in the framework of his professional training in an institution of higher education; formulates basic content of training in the framework of suggested disciplines of masters program. Conclusion. It is shown that for the improvement of effectiveness of teachers activity in the contemporary conditions of society digitalization and development of virtual social and educational environment it is necessary to include subject disciplines aimed at development of their digital competences on a special level into the process of their professional training.

M. Arghiyani, seyed abass agha yazdanfar, M. Feizi

Background and Objective:Given the basic needs of humans in various social, emotional, intellectual and physical aspects, the current learning environment is far from reaching the living and active space, the place to encounter, experience, and so on. various studies show that collective sense has the greatest impact on the participation of individuals in the performance of the environment. the collective sense is multidimensional, and the place must be somewhere for a collective sense among users. One of the missions of designers and architects is to create a proportionate relationship between humans and the environment around them. To achieve this goal, the creators of space must have a correct understanding of human behavior in different environments to strengthen the connection between man and place. Studies of learning environments have grown significantly over the past 30 years and many studies have been done on the relationship between the classroom environment and student learning. The history of studies of educational spaces shows that these environments have been less studied from sociocultural aspects. The school environment has been studied as a social learning environment for the last four decades. This indicates that the spatial features of the school building can increase or decrease opportunities for interaction between students, which in turn affects the level of socialization, awareness and knowledge of others and the level of collective feeling. Methods:Based on available literature, the five-dimensional model of the richness of place, social ties and interaction, collective activity, security, and sense of belonging and identity were extracted as the most effective criteria for revealing collective sense. to evaluate the theoretical model, three schools were selected from among high schools in Tehran and appropriate questionnaires were distributed among them. the research sample consisted of 750 people who have been selected by random sampling method. content analysis method was used in theoretical part to categorize the views and the case study was used for doing the research. the research method is factor analysis. Findings: The factor load of each measure in the theoretical model was determined and finally, 11 final strategies for designing the educational environment were explained. Conclusion: This study seeks to evaluate the relationship between collective sense and the quality of educational spaces. Closed educational spaces are the platform for social interactions between users, so it is necessary to review and pay special attention to the design of educational closed spaces as a collective space in many types of education today. The results of this study emphasize the importance of spatial features on the evaluation of collective feeling in place. Accordingly, the mental-psychological and behavioral-activity dimensions are other effective criteria in the collective feeling among users. The presented results are the first step in analyzing and evaluating the closed educational space. The results of this research can be considered as the starting point to evaluate and review the closed educational spaces and become the basis for developing a design guide to improve the quality of the closed educational space.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  =====================================================================================

Mikhail V. Mosin, Lyubov P. Vodyasova, Natalya M. Mosina et al.

Introduction: the authors are concerned with the issue of teaching a foreign (Finnish) language in a bi- and polylingual educational environment. As of today, a large number of students at Russian educational institutions of higher education is national-Russian bilinguals. They have a special vision of the world, a special linguistic behaviour, which cannot be ignored in the learning process. The aim of the article is to give a thorough account of the concept of bilingualism and its types, to reveal its didactic potential in teaching a foreign language. Materials and Methods: the paper draws on the combination of methods: analysis and synthesis of the scientific literature, logical methods of analysis of concepts, methodological modeling, survey, experts’ assessment, etc. For processing of empirical data statistical methods such as percentage distribution and ranking were used. Results: the paper identifies the types of bilingualism, taking into account various criteria, the degree of influence of bilingualism on the nature and causes of language interference. The core principles of bilingual education are formulated. The didactic potential of bilingualism in foreign language teaching is defined, specifics of learning a kindred language ‒ Finnish language by students who are Mordovian-Russian bilinguals is discussed. Discussion and Conclusions: bilingualism in modern society is a coexistence of two languages within the same speech community that employs these languages in the respective communicative spheres depending on social situation and different parameters of speech act. When teaching a foreign language this offers an instructor the opportunity to rely on the students’ linguistic experience in the native and Russian languages and to use it when mastering a foreign language. The didactic potential of bilingualism revealed in the present work makes it possible to determine the features of language interference, contributes to the process of intensifying the teaching of students to foreign languages.

Viktoriya Mikhaylovna Shvetsova

The theoretic suppositions of the realization of the textual semantics of the words are examined. Relying on the conception of the evolution of the semantic field of the text the conditions of the actualization of the meaning of the textual units are determined and their classification types, the peculiarities of the functioning and the methods of their interaction are created. The attention is paid to holographic text unit which is formed at some stages/ At the first stage the unit of language, getting into literary text, actualizes its meaning. At the second stage the system of its potential resources is realized, basing on which the semantic field of transformed of the text itself. At the third stage the semantic the semantic widening of the work occurs in the process of linguistic development. The metaphor of the notion trans is considered. It is understood differently in different spheres: trans - hypnosis, when a human gets the thoughts about the things, which he really has are still unavailable, i.e. his consciousness is hypnotized by the units of luxury; trans as ecstasy as excited state of personality, which lets emotionally bright and not ordinary express their real feeling; trans - meditation, when the human takes comfortable, easy pose, chooses comfortable environment. t can be supposed that erotic trans is the consequence of inflated ego, that means special type of affective psychological disfunction.

Gregorio López, José Ignacio Moreno, Eutimio Sánchez et al.

The integration of Distributed Generation, Electric Vehicles, and storage without compromising the quality of the power delivery requires the deployment of a communications overlay that allows monitoring and controlling low voltage networks in almost real time. Power Line Communications are gaining momentum for this purpose since they present a great trade-off between economic and technical features. However, the power lines also represent a harsh communications medium which presents different problems such as noise, which is indeed affected by Distributed Generation, Electric Vehicles, and storage. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the types of noise that affects Narrowband Power Line Communications, including normative noises, noises coming from common electronic devices measured in actual operational power distribution networks, and noises coming from photovoltaic inverters and electric vehicle charging spots measured in a controlled environment. The paper also reviews several techniques to mitigate the effects of noise, paying special attention to passive filtering, as for being one of the most widely used solution to avoid this kind of problems in the field. In addition, the paper presents a set of tests carried out to evaluate the impact of some representative noises on Narrowband Power Line Communications network performance, as well as the effectiveness of different passive filter configurations to mitigate such an impact. In addition, the considered sources of noise can also bring value to further improve PLC communications in the new scenarios of the Smart Grid as an input to theoretical models or simulations.

M. A. Baker, A. H. Makhdum, M. Nasir et al.

The Synthetic and botanical insecticides are relatively safer for environment and beneficial insects. The study was conducted in Rahim Yar Khan during the cotton cropping season 2014 to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two Synthetic insecticides i.e. Nitenpyram (Jasper 10% SL) and Pyriproxyfen (Bruce 10.8% EC) and two botanical extracts of Calotropic procera and Azadirachta indica, against sucking insect pest complex of cotton and their natural enemies. Upon reaching economic thresholds, the recommended field doses of all the insecticides were applied on cotton cultivar MNH-886. Data against sucking pests and their natural enemies was recorded 24 hours prior to insecticidal application and then 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after insecticidal application. Results revealed that Nitenpyram was much toxic against sucking pests followed by Pyriproxyfen as compared to two botanical extracts. On the other hand, the synthetic insecticides did not prove safer for natural enemies as compared to botanical extracts. It was concluded that as an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy, botanical extracts can be used at low infestation levels so that ecosystem service of biological control may be sustained.

Nuri Özer Erbay

Architectural structure of the museum shall be designed in an accessible way regarding safety. In these designs special needs of visitors shall be taken into consideration according to types thereof.  Architectural structure, topography and natural presence of the museum increase visitor accessibility.  Exhibition venue, showcases and platforms, staircases providing access to upstairs, stairs, slippery rugged surfaces and entrance and exit to the exhibition venue from the same door form inaccessible areas.   It mustn't be forgotten that special disabled visitors can create an unsafe environment for others. Existing designs in museums shall be redesigned to be made accessible by disabled persons.  Museum venues must be redesigned ad made accessible by disabled persons. All characteristics of visitors in museums should be taken into consideration and universal living spaces addressing integral attitude should be designed.  Museum environment designs with regard to visitor safety must be steady.  Ramps shouldn't be unnecessarily steep and slippery.  Floor tiles, carpets or other ground coatings must be attached each other in a safe way. Gaps in ground coating shouldn't exceed the radius of13 mm. Grounds with different colors should be used for highlighting the ground odds and drawing visitors' attention. A distinctive environment requirement should be provided for visitors especially who use walking sticks, crutches and wheelchairs and warning signs shouldn't be forgotten.

Albert Bergesen, Laura Parisi

This special issue of JWSR presents new research on the environment from a distinctly world-system perspective. World-system studies have recently discovered the environment. The turn toward the environment in any number of disciplines has resulted in the greening of this and that area of study. Now it is world-system studies turn. It is a little late; but better late than never. Actually, environmental and world-system studies have a great deal to offer each other. For environmental studies the focus upon the world economy as a whole makes a great deal of sense. Industrial plants in one country, or one region of the world may generate acid rain, but it can fall on other countries. The environment knows no political borders, hence a focus upon the world economy rather than the French, American or Brazilian economy, makes more sense. It is also the case that looking for systemic effects of different types of economics and political systems on the environment should follow the general direction of political/economic theory, which has been ratcheting its level of analysis ever upward to include more and more parts of the world as components of a singular world system. In effect, if we now believe that the most primal locus of economic and political process resides at the level of global interactions then to study the effects of political/economic processes upon the environment means studying the dynamics of the world-system. It is somewhat inevitable.

Sudhakar Muniyasamy, Andrew Anstey, Murali M. Reddy et al.

Vladimir Shibaykin, Dolbilova Ekaterina Alexeyevna

In the article the results of the analysis of the environment of purchase prices of crude milk in Russia and the Saratov region, including their long-term dynamics of seasonal fluctuations are presented. Author's calculations prove an exponential rise in prices and its negative influence on consumer prices of dairy production. Importance of monitoring of inter-branch parity of the agricultural and industrial prices is emphasized. Experience of use of indicative pricing within agreements between national associations of producers and milk processers is generalized. Special attention is given to methodical questions of justification of indication prices. The improvement guidelines «Temporary methodical recommendations on the organization of monitoring of the current profitability, indication prices and production costs of main types of agricultural production» are formulated. The offered author's approach is approved on materials of the Saratov region. The corridor of the minimum and ceiling indication prices for 2013 is reasonable. The conclusion is drawn on the need of reconstruction of the regional Union of producers and milk processers Saratov-Molprom.