Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Margarita A. Korzo

This article investigates previously unidentified Latin sources of several works by Simeon Polockij. The texts examined include a funeral sermon from the sermon collection Večerja duševnaja (Spiritual Evening Meal, 1683); two poems from the Rhymology (Rifmologion, ca. 1678); and testamentary preambles from the Synodal Collection of the State Historical Museum (no. 229), ca. 1672-1673. Textual comparison demonstrates that the principal source of Simeon Polockij’s instructive exempla and quotations was a collection of sermons on death by the French Catholic preacher Pierre de Besse (1567-1639). De Besse was an authoritative preacher at the court of Louis XIII and the author of a collection of annual sermons, first published around 1605, with a Latin translation appearing ca. 1611. This collection is known to have exerted influence on Orthodox authors in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Although the original edition of de Besse’s Conciones is not preserved in the book collection of Simeon Polockij and Sil’vestr Medvedev (Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents), an abridged revision by the German Dominican Johann Coppenstein (d. 1638) is extant there. Coppenstein’s compendium reproduces, in summarized form, de Besse’s Sermones de morte together with their full illustrative apparatus, which reappears almost verbatim in the aforementioned texts by Simeon Polockij. The study thus not only identifies a concrete channel of transmission from Western Catholic to Orthodox didactic literature, but also substantiates and refines earlier, fragmentary observations concerning the shared repertoire of sources, exempla, and rhetorical strategies across Simeon’s poetic and prose works.

Анна Романовна Лагно

Опираясь на антитезу смеха и стыда, предложенную философом Леонидом Карасевым, автор исследует, каким образом в польском комедийном сериале «Ухо председателя» (Ucho Prezesa) посредством юмора отражаются общественные представления о власти, политических нравах и механизмах управления, которые были характерны для периода правления партии «Право и справедливость» (ПиС) (2015–2023). Главный герой – председатель ПиС Ярослав Качиньский – окружен трусливыми, глупыми и лицемерными соратниками, лишенными саморефлексии и не испытывающими стыда за свои поступки. Смех председателя над своими подчиненными и представителями оппозиции укрепляет его чувство превосходства, он радуется чужим неудачам и, по сути, всех презирает. Чувство стыда ему не чуждо, однако он сознательно подавляет его в себе. «Ухо председателя» высмеивает не только представителей правящей партии, но и оппозицию. Политические конкуренты ПиС представлены не в лучшем свете: они лицемерны, порой вульгарны и глупы, думают лишь о собственном благополучии и о том, как бы вернуться снова к власти. Создатели сериала иронизируют над абсурдностью установившейся в Польше по сути двухпартийной системы, при которой на протяжении последних двадцати лет ПиС и «Гражданская Платформа», побеждая на выборах, отменяет решения своих предшественников, превращая политический процесс в бесконечный замкнутый круг. Смех становится способом выражения общественного недовольства затянувшимся политическим конфликтом, известным как «польско-польская война», который превращает политический процесс в борьбу личных интересов, лишая общество необходимых изменений. Статья поступила в редакцию 28.03.2025. Рецензирование завершено 22.07.2025. Статья принята к публикации 16.09.2025. Цитирование Лагно А. Р. Смех и стыд в польском комедийном сериале «Ухо председателя» (Ucho Prezesa): кого высмеивают и кто смеется? // Славянский альманах. 2025. No 3–4. С. 296–318. DOI: 10.31168/2073-5731.2025.3-4.15

E. A. Kulikov, V. G. Novikova

This article addresses the artistic embodiment of the category of the Other in the works of American journalist and writer Tom Wolfe. The study focuses on Wolfe’s early journalistic essays, compiled in collections published in the early 1960s, as well as his later novel “I Am Charlotte Simmons” (2004). These texts are separated by nearly the entire second half of the 20th century — a period marked by the emergence, flourishing, and decline of postmodernism. The aim of this work is to trace the diachronic evolution of the author’s understanding of the category of the Other, as represented in his early and late texts. The desire for otherness among young people in the first post-war decades signified a fundamental rejection of norms, rules, and laws in the name of rejecting all forms of totalitarianism, which led to the catastrophic destruction of humanity during World War II. As a journalist, Wolfe objectively and empathetically depicts the diverse lifestyles of a new generation. He illustrates the consequences of these emerging trends in his university novel written forty years later. The article demonstrates that this work presents the otherness of various status groups within the university community through a multi-layered conflict. However, these groups remain isolated and hostile towards one another. The abandonment of rational consciousness has led to the primitivization of individuality and the disintegration of education. The novel serves as a vivid illustration of the negative outcomes of postmodernism.

I. V. Palashevskaya

The research is conducted within the field of axiological linguistics and is aimed at studying language as an instrument of ultra-liberal value transformation processes that engulf the modern English-speaking world. The materials employed are text fragments of American advertising, socio-political campaigns and court proceedings available on the Internet. It is highlighted that these processes which are axiologically creative are accompanied by manipulative changes in both the formal and content aspects of language. As basic linguistic tools of transformation of cultural values, the author analyses 1) euphemisation aimed at normalisation and routinisation of traditionally prohibited social practices; 2) resemantisation of a linguistic sign through a) implantation of new components reflecting ultra-liberal values into the core meaning, b) displacement of semes that do not agree with radical ideology. The author concludes that the process of exclusion and prohibition of traditional meanings of a linguistic sign has an aggressive, evaluative and polarising character, and produces a set of ‘silenced taboo views’ and ultraliberal oxymorons.

A. V. Ivanov

The aim of the research is to study and systematize etymological, historical-linguistic and historiographic information about the terms fonema / phoneme / Phonem based on the results of the analysis of Russian, English and German theoretical and lexicographic sources published in the 19th—20th centuries. Sources in French are used where necessary. The methods of historical-linguistic, historiographical, definitional, etymological, semantic and lexicographical analysis are used in the study. It has been established that in the ancient Greek language, which is the source of the origin of the word φώνημα, the latter was used in two general meanings: (1) ‘voice, sound’, (2) ‘word, speech’. In the second half of the 19th century, in the new European languages, the word underwent adaptation, subsequent semantic rethinking and acquired a terminological status. The term phonème was first used by the French amateur linguist A. Dufriche-Desgenettes in 1861 in the generalized phonetic meaning ‘sound’. In the phonological sense, this term is found by F. de Saussure in 1879. The term fonema (phoneme) was introduced into Russian linguistic terminology in 1880 by N. V. Krushevsky and, starting from 1881, was widely used in the works of I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay, V. M. Dobrovsky and others. The first use of the English term phoneme in the meaning of ‘sound’ should presumably be attributed to 1914, and not to 1894, as evidenced by English lexicographical sources. In a highly specialized (phonological) sense, the term was fixed in English linguistic terminology already in 1919, when the corresponding word usage was recorded in the work of G. Perera and D. Jones. In the vocabulary of the German language, the term Phonem in the meaning of ‘sound’ appeared in 1855 thanks to the Bulgarian philosopher P. Beron. In a similar sense, the desired term is found in 1875 by E. Boehmer. In its phonological meaning, the German term Phonem occurs for the first time in the works of I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay in 1895.

Dagnė Beržaitė

S. A. Sklyarov

For the first time in Russian historiography, the discussion that flared up soon after the conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty in the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs and the People’s Commissariat of Trade on the possibility of granting Poland the right to transit trade with Persia and other countries of the East. It is noted that the head of the People’s Commissariat of Trade L.B. Krasin criticized the position of the plenipotentiary representative of the RSFSR in Warsaw L.L. Obolensky, who considered it possible to grant Poland the right of transit to the East and the most favored nation treatment in trade on reciprocity terms in order to strengthen Moscow’s position in the Polish-Soviet negotiations. It is shown that the People’s Commissariat for Trade did not consider such cooperation to be equivalent, since, according to L.B. Krasin, Poland needed more transit through the Soviet republics than the Soviet state needed transit through Poland. In the course of the study, it was found that the People’s Commissariat of Trade allowed such a situation only if Poland would additionally make political concessions, the nature of which had not yet been clear at that time. It is traced in the article how, as a result of the discussion, the line of the People’s Commissariat for Trade won and in fact the Soviet leadership adhered to it until mid-1923. The relevance and novelty of the research is due to the introduction into scientific circulation of archival materials declassified in the post-Soviet era and for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, which allow discovering new vicissitudes of Polish-Soviet relations, including the organization of transit trade.

Dāvis Beitlers

Rakstā iezīmēta neliela joma latviešu diasporas veidošanās norisē Otrā pasaules kara un pēckara gados – latviešu jūrnieku izceļošana uz Rietumiem, kam vairākumā gadījumu sekoja ilgstoši trimdas gadi. Latviešu jūrnieku ceļu svešumā nereti ietekmēja faktori, kuru dēļ šī izceļošana krasi atšķīrās no daudzu 1944.–1945. gada un aukstā kara gadu Latvijas atstājēju – bēgļu un evakuēto personu – izbraukšanas.

Тијана Тропин

This article investigates the time loop motif in Dejan Aleksić’s novel, A Shoe at the End of the World. Following a brief overview of the most important uses of the time motif in children’s literature, and positioning this paper within Nikolajeva’s (i.e. Eliade’s) dichotomy of linear and cyclical time, we analyse the time loop motif in Aleksić’s short children’s novel. Unlike e.g. science fiction authors, Aleksić does not use the time loop as a plot point but rather as an important factor creating a sense of wonder in his text. He also uses it as a narrative starting point for a string of comical paradoxes that posit a simultaneity of past and future events, which sets the overall tone of the novel. The time loop also establishes effectively the displacement of Aleksić’s imaginary world, removing it from the linear time sequence, characteristic for adults, and yet setting it apart from the idyllic eternity of childhood, envisioned by older authors. Simultaneously, the time loop serves as a link to the metafictional characteristics of other Aleksić’s texts.

D. S. Borodina

The results of the study of the current language situation in Sweden and the language policy, which is carried out in the country, are presented. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that similar processes of creating multilingual and multicultural communities are typical for many European countries. The study reviewed the factors that make up the prerequisites for the formation of the Swedish language policy. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the procedure of systematization of the factors that determine the interaction of the components of the language situation and language policy is developed. The results of the comparative analysis of the documents revealing the evolution of the language policy in Sweden are presented. Attention is paid to migration processes, which in the Swedish society give rise to the problem of cultural assimilation of migrants and the use of the Swedish language for inter-ethnic communication. The author presents the development of the reasons for the weakening of the Swedish language as a factor of national identification and strengthening the function of English as a language of internationalization. The author puts forward the position that minority languages can serve only as an ethnic attributes, not as a means of communication on a national scale. It is proved that the language policy is aimed at maintaining the main language - Swedish, linguistic assimilation of migrants and limiting the expansion of the English language.

Luciana Oliveira de Barros

Este artigo é uma homenagem ao escritor russo Maksim Górki (1868-1936), o amargo, em seus cento e cinquenta anos de nascimento. O trabalho analisa a veia humanista do escritor que liga o seu ativismo político às suas obras. Indo de encontro às escritas de si mesmo, usaremos a obra Minhas universidades como fio condutor indispensável para que se reescreva uma história, onde as memórias privativas, obviamente, assimétricas e de acesso aleatório, se mantenham num estado de conservação capaz de serem trazidas à realidade através da leitura unicamente da voz de Górki.

Literatūra 2016 58 (3)

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V. L. Zemlyanskiy

The features of the organization and conduct of elections to the Parliament of the Amur state establishment -the Amur People’s Assembly is considered. Based on archival data and materials of periodicals of Vladivostok the author has studied the process of elections to the Supreme representative authority of Primorye. Main attention is paid to the election procedure in towns and in rural areas of the Primorsk region under the control of S. D. Merkulov’s government. The research urgency is caused by falling of interest of Russians to the electoral campaigns to the State Duma of the Russian Federation and regional parliaments. The article shows that the elections were held in government-controlled areas (southern Primorye, Petropavlovsk) and in the zone of alienation of the Chinese Eastern railway. Voting without significant difficulties were held in the cities of Vladivostok and Nikol'sk-Ussuriisk, and also in the southern rural areas of Primorsky region. It is concluded that the main problems for elections for the Amur People’s Assembly was the absenteeism of the population of Primorye due to the discontent with the coup and the actions of the guerrillas, which prevented voting in rural areas. It is reported that pro-government candidates won in the elections, however, the opposition-minded parliamentarians occupied more than a third of the seats in Parliament.

Miran Hladnik

Prispevek poroča o uredniških dilemah in izkušnjah Mirana Hladnika in Toneta Pretnarja pri pripravi petih knjig Zbranega dela (1984–2008) pesnika Alojza Gradnika (1882–1967).

Dmitry I. Polyvyannyy

Sonja Starc

Razprava skuša utemeljiti prepričanje, da bi morali učenci pri jezikovnem pouku usvajati slovenščino in jo spoznavati kot sistem tudi ob umetnostnem besedilu, ne le ob neumetnostnem. Diahroni pregled učnih načrtov za slovenščino in iz njih izhajajočega učnega gradiva pokaže oster nihaj v šolski praksi od spoznavanja jezika le ob umetnostnih besedilih do povezovanja jezikovnega pouka le z neumetnostnimi. Uravnotežena rešitev pa se kaže v pojmovanju inherentnih lastnosti besedila po sodobnih jezikoslovnih teorijah, npr. sistemsko-funkcijski, torej v spoznavanju vseh izraznih možnosti jezikovnega sistema v besedilu kot takem– neumetnostnem in umetnostnem.

Genovaitė Dručkutė

Šiame straipsnyje siekiama dvejopo tikslo: 1) išnagrinėti, kokias konfigūracijas įgyja žaidybiškumas Milašiaus kūryboje ir kokias jis generuoja reikšmes; 2) ištirti paties autoriaus dalyvavimą tekste, jo „įsitekstinimą“ pasitelkiant ironijos ir žaismės formas. Tyrimo objektu pasirinkti du ankstyvieji prancūzų poeto tekstai: Papras- čiausia tokio pono Triks-Trikso, juokdario, istorija ir Vaiduoklis per prievartą.

Elena A. Masolova

The author elaborates the idea of Tolstoy in his late literary writings as of a “non-Christian writer,” examines the functioning of Evangelic verses in the novel “Resurrection”. Evangelic verses in “Resurrection” fulfi lling the functions of a parable and a plot modeler create a Christian hypertext with the universal enclosing and internal rhymes, and predetermine the parabolic composition of the novel, whose outline of events serves as an illustration to the Holy Scripture. An old believer appealing to the Gospel, suff ers a defeat because he was preaching the Word of God only in words, the same happened to an English missionary who didn’t know the Russian language and didn’t cite the Gospel. The number of chapters in each part of “Resurrection” is not random mere coincidence. Evangelic verses in the last chapter of Tolstoy’s novel are aimed at a retrospective understanding of the novel’s plot and predict the resurrection of mankind. “Resurrection” is a parable-novel, where the features of the Christian realism are manifested.

Babkina T. A.

The article focuses on Dostoevsky's correspondence with the soloist of the Mariinsky Theater orchestra Vasily Alekseevich Alekseev, which appeared as a feedback after the release of "A Writer's Diary".

Oton Berkopec