The aim of the article is to analyze the dynamics of tax revenues of local budgets in Ukraine for the period from 2018 to 2023 and to study their structure and share in the total revenues of local budgets, the consolidated budget and the country’s GDP to identify their fiscal potential and influencing factors. Analyzing the dynamics of tax revenues of local budgets from 2018 to 2023, it is worth noting the overall growth of these revenues during the mentioned period. However, the ongoing war that began in 2022 and other external factors have significantly affected this dynamic, leading to fluctuations. The article examines not only the general dynamics of tax revenues, but also their structure, distribution by main components and their relation to the total revenues of local and consolidated budgets, as well as a percentage of GDP. The share of tax revenues in total local budget revenues in Ukraine has undergone significant changes, increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in 2022, but slightly decreasing in 2023. The share of these revenues in total consolidated budget revenues also decreased in 2022 and 2023, indicating the impact of economic instability and war. The share of local tax revenues in GDP increased in 2022 and 2023, reflecting the increased role of local taxes in financing and adapting to new economic conditions. The dynamics and structure of local taxes and fees, as well as their contribution to the tax revenues of local budgets, are also considered. Analysis of the dynamics of local taxes and fees shows a steady growth in 2019–2020, but a sharp decline in 2022 due to hostilities. However, in 2023, there is a positive trend along with growth, which indicates the stabilization and recovery of the economy. The structure of local taxes and fees is undergoing changes, in particular, there is an increase in the share of the single tax, which indicates a strategic rethinking of the taxation system to simplify and increase the efficiency of tax collection. The increase in the share of local taxes and fees in the tax revenues of local budgets testifies to their importance in the financial support of local authorities and their economic self-sufficiency and stability. In general, the analysis provides an opportunity to understand the economic situation in the regions of Ukraine and the impact of external and internal factors on financial processes in Ukraine. The results obtained can be useful for government agencies, economists and researchers interested in the financial stability and economic development of the regions of Ukraine.
Indonesia's tax ratio has shown a declining trend over the past fifteen years. Tax revenue is an essential component in the provision of public goods and services. Therefore, it is vital to empirically examine the leading indicators that determine tax revenues. One of the concepts underlying the determination of tax revenue is the spend-tax hypothesis. This hypothesis states that the fiscal authority will determine the level of government spending and tax revenues will be targeted accordingly. The objective of this study is to empirically examine the leading indicators of aggregate tax revenues and its components and whether government spending is a determinant. In developing the estimated model, this study utilizes existing literature and the results of focused group discussions conducted with the Directorate General of Budget, Indonesian Ministry of Finance. This study utilizes monthly data to be more accurate in identifying trend changes and to get better estimates for strategic long-term forecasting, as required by fiscal authorities. To capture information affecting tax revenue and to overcome spurious regression, this study uses Partial Adjustment and Autoregressive Models. Those are consistent with the nature of determination of government budget in Indonesia which considers the values of past variables. The estimates show that government expenditure is an essential variable affecting tax revenue and its components, implying that government spending encourages economic activity. Since government spending is the dominant variable in affecting tax revenue and its components, expansionary fiscal policy can be implemented to increase total tax revenue and its components.
Introduction. Accounting as a powerful information system must take into account the requirements of modernity and, first of all, the rapid development of IT technologies, which significantly increases not only the efficiency of accounting work, but fundamentally expands the functional capabilities of accounting and analytical support for all participants in market relations. The digital economy involves the maximum automation of business processes, their analysis for the level of digitalization, which makes it possible to determine the real need of a business entity to configure specific processes for the use of an electronic format. The use of digital technologies makes it possible to conduct real-time analysis of business processes, data visualization and objectively justify possible management decisions of a current and strategic nature aimed at ensuring continuous and effective activity. Purpose. Consists in researching the possibility of using management accounting data for multifactorial analysis of financial results, costs per UAH 1. production, profitability and justification of management decisions for operational planning, cash flow budgeting, internal audit by monitoring deviations based on digital technologies. Method (methodology). To achieve the goal, general scientific, statistical methods and approaches, analytical procedures and tools were used, including horizontal and vertical analysis, multifactorial analysis based on end-to-end integration of management accounting data. The results. The possibility of using a limited volume of management accounting data for a wide range of not only analytical research, but also financial planning (revenue, expenses, financial result), internal audit (control for deviations), crediting (cash flow movement), taxation (incentive increase in the physical volume of production). It is proposed to introduce into the current analytical practice the ratio of profit monetization as an indicator of "confidence" in profit, its balance with cash flows to ensure not only current solvency, but also prospective financial stability.
The research article emphasizes the peculiarities of the Value Added Tax (hereafter – VAT) mechanism functioning, which provides not only one-direction movement of funds to the budget, but also the reverse movement. Due to such a variety of fiscal relations, there is a doubling of interests for the state and value added tax payers. It is determined that in order to balance the interests of subjects of fiscal relations and ensure transparency in their relations, transparency in the processes of VAT administration and refund becomes particularly relevant. It is proved that the concept of tax transparency in relations between taxpayers and state financial bodies is considered by a significant part of the authors in the area of digital transformation aimed at introducing effective administration of tax revenues to maximize the filling of budget revenues with optimal administrative costs for administration processes. Reasons are given for the lack of a unified approach to the procedure for analysing the transparency of value added tax data generated on the basis of tax reporting submitted by business entities through the Single Window for Electronic Reporting automated system. The amounts of budgetary refund of value added tax paid by VAT payers when importing goods into Ukraine are calculated. A correlation analysis was carried out and, on the basis of which the impact of paid «import VAT» on imported goods to Ukraine on the growth of budgetary refund in 2013–2022 was determined. It is substantiated that the amount of budgetary refund by 87% depends on the VAT paid during the customs clearance of imported goods to Ukraine, while other factors account for only 13%. Argumentative issues were emphasized when grouping the analytical data on the performance of the State Budget of Ukraine on «internal VAT» less the entire amount of budget refund. It is proposed that the state financial bodies (the Ministry of Finance, the State Treasury, the State Tax Service of Ukraine) publish the amounts of budgetary refund by its types (export, import, domestic operations, combined refund), which will contribute to tax transparency and the quality of reports on the performance of the State Budget of Ukraine. It is substantiated that the names of VAT as a «tax on goods imported into the customs territory of Ukraine» and a «tax on goods (works, services) produced in Ukraine» are not debatable. It is proposed to change their names to a «value added tax on imported goods produced and sold in Ukraine». The conclusions are drawn on the need for transparency aimed at providing access to information in the processes of VAT administration and refund in order to maximize the revenues of the State Budget of Ukraine while observing fair taxation and budget refund for the categories of taxpayers established by law.
The article examines the approaches of scientists to the interpretation of the concept of tax planning and found that in most publications the attention of scientists is focused on the study of the essence, types, and methods of tax planning, but due attention is not paid to the study of factors influencing the quality of tax plans. The author's definition of the essence of tax planning is proposed, taking into account its implementation at the level of business entities, as well as relevant state and territorial management bodies. At the same time, tax planning is considered as a system of measures formed within the framework of current tax legislation, aimed at the level of economic entities to optimize the tax burden and reduce tax risks, and at the level of the state and territories - to determine the optimal tax parameters and rational decisions of the relevant state and territorial management bodies, aimed at providing a justified (within the tax potential) volume of tax revenues to the budgets of different levels. Attention is focused on the fact that the tax planning process should be based on taking into account both the national approach and the activities of business entities, that the field of tax planning involves the use of exclusively legal, legally permissible approaches when developing ways to reduce the level of the tax burden on the business entity, and tax planning serves as the basis for the development of decisions in the field of taxation management and must be carried out taking into account the requirements of current tax legislation. External, internal, objective, subjective, main, secondary, permanent, variable, intensive, extensive, general, specific, direct, indirect, complex and simple factors that exert a significant influence on the quality of tax plans are characterized. It is proposed to distribute the factors according to the established groups, which in the future will ensure the assessment of the influence of such factors on the results of the formation and quality of tax plans.