Hasil untuk "Religion (General)"

Hyo Kyung Kim, Hyunjung Kim, Aram Lee

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition prevalent in university students. It significantly affects quality of life (QOL) and requires effective interventions to appropriately manage its symptoms in this population. Objectives: To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program using a mobile application to alleviate symptoms and enhance the QOL of university students with IBS. Methods: This quasi-experimental study included 58 participants from two universities in South Korea, who were divided into three groups: the CBT only group, the CBT with application group, and the control group that received a single educational session. An integrated eight-session CBT program and a mobile application for IBS self-management were developed and implemented. Outcomes, including the IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), academic stress, depression, IBS-QOL, and heart rate variability, were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention, and at the 16-week follow-up. Results: Significant interactions between group and time were observed for IBS-SSS (Wald χ2 = 13.49, p = 0.009). Although the short-term effects for IBS-SSS were greater in the CBT group than in the control group, the long-term effects for IBS-SSS at 16 weeks were more sustained in the CBT with application group. Both the CBT and CBT with application groups demonstrated improvements in academic stress, depression, and QOL, but not in heart rate variability, whereas the control group demonstrated limited changes. Conclusions: The integrated CBT program, with or without a mobile application, effectively reduced the severity of IBS symptoms, depression, and academic stress among university students. This combined approach may provide long-term benefits for symptom management and psychosocial well-being. Further research is warranted to optimize the use of mobile device applications for CBT delivery.

David Chester, Vipul Pandey

A covariant Hamiltonian formulation generalizing De Donder-Weyl mechanics is constructed with field strengths as velocity fields. Since the teleparallel equivalents to general relativity are quadratic in field strengths, the field-strength Hamiltonian densities are non-singular and avoid primary constraints specifically from Legendre degeneracy. In contrast, canonical general relativity and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation have a frozen formalism due to Hamiltonian constraints, while hypersurface deformations give refoliation gauge transformations. We introduce a Tomonaga-Schwinger-type equation without a preferred time coordinate by combining the generalized multisymplectic geometry with covariant phase space methods. Point-splitting regularization with renormalized hypersurface deformation generators is proposed as a candidate for hypersurface-dependent evolution. While ultraviolet divergences, operator domain issues, and anomaly freedom are still open problems, we provide a new framework for exploring nonperturbative quantum gravity that is classically equivalent to general relativity.

Weronika Mazurek

Czy dążenie do redukcji negatywnego wpływu architektury na klimat musi wiązać się z „projektowaniem dyskomfortu”? W niniejszym artykule zastanawiam się, czy zwrot ku przyjemnym doświadczeniom z obszaru codzienności także może być narzędziem dążenia do zmiany. Jak przekonuję, jest to możliwe dzięki architekturze, która utrwala poczucie lokalnej tożsamości i oferuje doświadczenia wielozmysłowe. Te mogą wpływać na dobrostan i zdrowie społeczeństwa – aspekty, które uważam za konieczne, aby zajmować się zdrowiem środowiska i planety. Swoje rozważania opieram na badaniach z zakresu estetyki codzienności i somaestetyki, a ich praktyczny wymiar ukazuję poprzez analizę i interpretację wybranego projektu – domu w São Paulo. Przypadek ten stanowi inspirację, aby poszukiwać podobnych, ale szerzej dostępnych form architektonicznych. Ostatecznie zarówno on, jak i inne wskazywane realizacje, nie tylko wpływają na multisensoryczną percepcję i dobre samopoczucie, lecz także wykorzystują naturalne materiały i korzystnie wpływają na mikroklimat.

Graciela Fainstein Lamuedra, Micaela Szeftel

Presentación del volumen 75 de la revista Enrahonar.

João Pedro Ocanha Krizek

Visões distorcidas da natureza da ciência, que retratam os cientistas como gênios peculiares, neutros e isolados, justificam, em grande medida, tanto o insucesso de uma educação científica adequada, como a resistência à ciência por parte de muitos estudantes. Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) é um exemplo dessa representação e o presente artigo busca desconstruí-lo. Com o objetivo de oferecer elementos que tornem os processos de ensino e aprendizagem mais alinhados com uma abordagem realista da natureza da ciência, utilizou-se a sociologia da ciência latouriana para empreender uma análise acerca da inserção de Darwin no fluxo sanguíneo da ciência, valendo-se de fontes históricas primárias e secundárias. Os resultados mostram que Darwin estabeleceu conexões multifacetadas com uma variedade de atores. Eles também destacam as inter-relações e a interdependência entre diferentes circuitos que permearam a trajetória de Darwin – circuitos estes que envolveram não apenas aspectos científicos, como geologia, zoologia e botânica, mas também campos aparentemente distantes, como religião, política e cultura. Ao adotar a perspectiva latouriana sobre a ação conjunta de humanos e não humanos, esta pesquisa fornece material que pode enriquecer estudos em educação científica e a formação de professores.

Annis Lai Chu Fung, Yuxuan Zhang

Research has shown that face-to-face victimization is a risk factor for the online victimization of adolescents, but no prior study has examined and compared four forms of face-to-face victimization (physical victimization, verbal victimization, social manipulation, and attacks on property) as significant correlates of general online victimization and sexual online victimization among adolescents. This original study involved 794 adolescents (483 males and 311 females), aged 12 to 18 years (M = 14.49, SD = 1.90) from four middle schools in Hong Kong. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of three parts: the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale, the Online Victimization Scale, and demographic items. Verbal victimization and social manipulation were found to be significant correlates of general online victimization; in contrast, physical victimization and attacks on property were significant correlates of sexual online victimization. These findings may help professionals and educators to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies for preventing the cycle of victimization between physical and online platforms as well as reducing the suicide risk and crises among at-risk victimized adolescents.

Bernardo Araneda, Ángel J. Murcia

Motivated by supersymmetry methods in general relativity, we study four-dimensional Lorentzian space-times with a complex Dirac spinor field satisfying a Killing-spinor-like equation where the Killing constant is promoted to a complex function. We call the resulting geometry a generalized Siklos space-time. After deriving a number of identities for complex spaces, we specialize to Lorentz signature, where we show that the Killing function must be real and that the corresponding Dirac spinor is Majorana (as long as the space-time is not conformally flat), and we obtain the local form of the metric. We show that the purely gravitational degrees of freedom correspond to waves, whereas the matter sources generically correspond, via Einstein's field equations, to a sum of pure radiation and a space-like perfect fluid. Consequently, we conclude that the physically relevant case is obtained when the Killing function is homogeneous on the wave surfaces.

Ana Belén Avilez

We generalize the notions of $β$- and $λ$-maps to general selections of sublocales, obtaining different classes of localic maps. These new classes of maps are used to characterize almost normality, extremal disconnectedness, $F$-frames, $Oz$-frames, among others types of locales, in a manner akin to the characterization of normal locales via $β$-maps. As a byproduct we obtain a characterization of localic maps that preserve the completely below relation (that is, the right adjoints of assertive frame homomorphisms).

Sebastian Bahamonde, Daniel Blixt, Konstantinos F. Dialektopoulos et al.

We study the degrees of freedom in New General Relativity -- flat and metric compatible family of theories -- around the Minkowski background in a gauge invariant manner. First, we confirm the decoupling case, in which the theory reduces to linearized gravity plus a massless KR field. We then show that, unless they vanish, the vector modes of this theory will be unstable. In addition, we find two new branches of the theories, which are instability-free and propagate linearly two tensor modes and in one of the cases also a massless scalar field. This shows that while the generic theory is ill-behaved, there are three possible realizations of instability-free cases, in contradiction to the previous literature, which states that there is only one healthy theory in addition to general relativity.

Florian Grosser, Andreas Oberprantacher

Zusammenfassung: Die für diesen Schwerpunkt ausgewählten Beiträge setzen sich aus sachlich, methodologisch sowie disziplinär vielfältigen Perspektiven mit dem Thema der Grenze, der Grenzziehung und des Grenzregimes auseinander. Während Grenzen in der normativen politischen Philosophie und Theorie kaum als eigenständiges Problem behandelt bzw. zumeist traditionell, d. h. als für territorial verankerte staatliche Zuständigkeitsbereiche konstitutive statische Trennlinien begriffen werden, wird in den hier versammelten Texten der Versuch unternommen, diese präziser und detaillierter in ihrer gegenwärtigen Gestalt und Wirkungsweise zu bestimmen, um auf dieser Grundlage alternative grenztheoretische Modelle zu entwickeln. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage, in welcher Weise sich die zunehmende Beweglichkeit von Grenzen – eine Beweglichkeit, die nicht nur neu konfigurierten politisch-rechtlichen Maßnahmen und Institutionen, sondern auch neuen Kontrolltechnologien geschuldet ist – auf das Verständnis von staatlicher Souveränität, von demokratischer Legitimität oder von Menschenrechten auswirkt. In dieser Einleitung werden zum einen einige maßgebliche rezente Grenzziehungsphänomene erörtert, die im Licht der Covid-19-Pandemie in besonderer Deutlichkeit zutage treten; zum anderen werden Grundzüge eines veränderten politiktheoretischen Nachdenkens über Grenzen skizziert. Daneben werden die sieben Beiträge des Schwerpunkts überblicksartig vorgestellt.

Camilla Emmenegger, Daniele Gorgone, Francesco Gallino

Trascrizione dell'intervento del Collettivo La Boétie all'interno del ciclo di seminari La disobbedienza civile 2020-2021.

Kostiantyn Rodyhin, Mykhailo Rodyhin

In the article, the social and cultural repercussion of the phenomenon of alchemy is considered using specific examples. The authors study the basis and motivation for the creation of modern-day alchemical legends within the “dwellings of philosophers” concept; the means of their hypothetical implementation in the symbolism and imagery of the architecture of Kyiv houses of the verge of 19-20th centuries, in particular so-called “House of Alchemists” in the Pechersk district. The concept of the archetypal nature of alchemical symbols explains why they are regularly reproduced in art on a conscious or subconscious level, and still perceived by society. A comparative analysis of the figures of the facades of the early-20th century “House of Alchemists” and similar elements of the architecture of other Kyiv buildings of that time reveals their similarity to the graphic symbols of alchemy, although it does not reveal absolute coincidences with those presented in alchemical lexicons. Therefore, the hypothesis about the alchemical intentions of the owners or architects of buildings is neither well-proven nor definitively refuted and requires further investigation. Nevertheless, the considered situation illustrates the specifics of the existence of the phenomenon of alchemy in its legendary mode, in which specific historical realities are not crucial for the creation of an attractive legend or are used selectively. Manifestations of the echo of the alchemical worldview in modern society can have both conscious and subconscious nature. In the case of the “House of Alchemists” in Kyiv’s Pechersk, such an echo is the very fact of appeal to the phenomenon of alchemy. It is significant that the name “House of Alchemists” appeared in our time when the popularity of the topic of alchemy is growing in the socio-cultural space. A perceptible echo of the phenomenon of alchemy in the realities of public life is an evidence of the relevance of its existence in the modern socio-cultural environment because the basic axiological ideals of the phenomenon have not undergone devaluation over time. Nowadays, the role of esoteric and non-scientific phenomena in the life of society is not diminished, and the image of alchemy as an alternative to modern rationality acquires new relevance. This situation seems to be inherent in transitional epochs marked by global shifts in worldview paradigms and axiological orientations motivating people to rediscover the “abyss of being”, in particular in the categories of alchemical philosophy with its rich figurative and mythological dimension. Equally, similar trends were characteristic of the period of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the mentioned “House of Alchemists” was built in Kyiv.

Roman A. Popov

The model of the autonomy development system gains efficacy due to the fulfillment of certain conditions, both organizational and didactic – in other words, of those conditions, which are directly related to the educational process changes, modernization of the organizational forms, strategies of the educational content mastery, etc. National scholars use the word combination “organizationally-didactic conditions” which mainly reflects the peculiarities of the internal organization, positioning and correlation of the leading methodological approaches, methods, techniques, practices, peculiarities of the educational process structuring, etc., aimed at the solution of a certain scientific problem. The implementation of the model of the autonomy development system will be efficient due to the fulfillment of the following organizational-didactic conditions: usage of the mechanisms for the didactic structuring of the educational information content for its autonomous intake by students; application of versatile interdisciplinary relations within the model of the higher educational institution students’ autonomy development system; didactic synthesis, correlation and clustering of educational assignments; complementarity of the autonomous and non-autonomous forms of activity; students’ professional self-development and self-actualization within the process of autonomous activeness. The first organizational-didactic condition is usage of the mechanisms for the didactic structuring of the educational information content for its autonomous intake by students. Work over the logical structure of the educational information in autonomous educational activities is the central task of a pedagogue, who strives to create conditions, stimulating professional activeness. Including into the autonomous educational activities structural logical schemes; values-oriented exercises; creative work based upon the choice mechanism; cognitive situation-specific tasks, whose solution procedure is constructed according to the increase of the comprehensiveness; problematicity; novelty; interdisciplinary relations and creativity secures the achievement of positive result in the process of autonomy formation. Due to this kind of activity the emotion-value oriented perception begins to lead the consciousness; students comprehend the importance of the basic, fundamental professional values and start following them in their everyday lives, seek to resist negative developments. Application of versatile interdisciplinary relations within the model of the higher educational institution students’ autonomy development system is the second organizational-didactic condition. It is at the higher school that the sharp increase of educational-cognitive activeness is observed; students actively absorb new humanitarian concepts of interdisciplinary content (from social studies, cultural sciences, literature studies, etc.) along with mastering the complex of educationalcognitive actions and skills. Interdisciplinary relations envisage mutual systematic coherence: the content of education on different subjects, selection of educational material, its construction from the perspective of the general aims of education and specifics of each subject. Along with that, the interdisciplinary relations are based upon the intrasubject consequence of educational subjects and on the methods of these subjects’ learning. We consider the didactic synthesis, correlation and clustering of educational assignments as an important organizationally-didactic condition. It is this condition that fosters the formation of a widely educated person with well-developed associative thinking, able to apply non-conventional approaches to resolve different problems. Didactic synthesis and correlation of educational information allows performing the educational process at a high difficulty level. Didactic synthesis and correlation are not only to be conducted with relation to the tasks of a certain training course, but also in relation to the tasks of different related courses. The next organizational-didactic condition of students’ autonomy development – complementarity of the autonomous and non-autonomous forms of activity – logically emerges from the principles of autonomy development. We consider as the core for the activation of the potential of versatile disciplines the unity of the content of education at a higher school, commonness and complementarity (transfusion and mutual supplement) of the requirements, principles, components and means for the implementation of the sense of education. The complementarity of the autonomous and non-autonomous forms of activity is reached through the automation of the general education skills and abilities. The idea of the complementarity of the autonomous and non-autonomous forms of activity can find its full implementation due to the application of informational and communicative means. Professional self-development and self-actualization in the process of autonomous activity is the last organizational-didactic condition of the implementation of the model of the autonomy development system. The categories of self-identification and self-esteem are closely related to the phenomena of the formation of the professional self-consciousness of a future specialist and professional self-respect. The category of professional self-consciousness has the morphogenetic role in the self-identification and professional self-actualization on the background of the general professional formation. During their professional trainings, students consciously or unconsciously capture their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with themselves and their behavior, self-confidence, or self-doubt due to which their comprehensive Self-concept is formed – self-confidence (or selfdoubt), ability (inability) to overcome an unpredicted situation. We interpret the value-based area of professional training as a favorable alternative to the educational and awareness-building paradigm of higher education which so far dominates in the national educational field.

Justin C. Feng, Sante Carloni

We propose a new class of gravity theories which are characterized by a nontrivial coupling between the gravitational metric and matter mediated by an auxiliary rank-2 tensor. The actions generating the field equations are constructed so that these theories are equivalent to general relativity in a vacuum, and only differ from general relativity theory within a matter distribution. We analyze in detail one of the simplest realizations of these generalized coupling theories. We show that in this case the propagation speed of gravitational radiation in matter is different from its value in vacuum and that this can be used to weakly constrain the (single) additional parameter of the theory. An analysis of the evolution of homogeneous and isotropic spacetimes in the same framework shows that there exist cosmic histories with both an inflationary phase and a dark era characterized by a different expansion rate.

John Capps

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 368pp. $50.00 Hardcover. ISBN 978-0-19-871207-7 Reviewed by John Capps

Hernan Pablo Fanuele

António Pedro Mesquita

Over time, several authors have argued that, for Aristotle, dialectic is a method of discovery or establishment of the principles of science in general. In this article, I will present four arguments against this view and propose a deflationary view of the role of dialectic in this regard. Accord ing to this view, such a role consists only in the defence of common principles against potential eristic attacks. Keywords: Science, dialectic, first principles, common principles, proper principles.

C. Earley, C. Joyce, J. McElvaney et al.

Georgios Lioutas, Nikolaos Stergioulas

Existing estimates of the gravitational-wave damping timescale of the dominant quadrupole oscillation mode in the case of rapidly rotating stars are based on using a Newtonian estimate for the energy of the mode, in combination with the lowest-order post-Newtonian quadrupole formula for estimating the gravitational-wave luminosity. We investigate a number of other choices for estimating the gravitational-wave damping timescale in the nonrotating limit and construct a highly accurate, empirically corrected formula that has a maximum relative error of only 3% with respect to the perturbative result in full general relativity. The expressions involved are sufficiently general to be extended to the case of rapidly rotating stars. We also present a new higher-order empirical relation for the gravitational-wave damping timescale of quadrupole oscillations that is accurate in the whole range of expected values for the compactness of neutron stars, without the need for involving the moment of inertia.

J. Schacht