This systematic literature review examines the relationship between leadership styles and employee work-life balance (WLB). Following the PRISMA protocol, data were collected from four academic databases (Publish or Perish/Google Scholar, Scopus, Emerald Insight) using the PICO framework. From an initial pool of 296 articles, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The findings consistently demonstrate that transformational leadership exerts a significant positive influence on WLB by fostering a supportive work environment, providing psychological resources, and promoting flexible work arrangements. Supportive and authentic leadership styles also show positive correlations, while authoritarian leadership is consistently detrimental. The review identifies perceived organizational support and flexible work policies as key mediating factors. The results underscore that effective, people-oriented leadership is crucial for cultivating organizational cultures that support employee well-being and sustainable work-life integration. Organizations are advised to develop leadership training programs that focus on empathy, flexibility, and empowerment. This study contributes to the literature by synthesizing evidence across diverse contexts and suggests that future research should explore causal relationships and the moderating role of cultural and organizational variables.
The metaphor of the Church as the “bride of Christ” holds profound theological significance, offering insights into the identity, purpose, and eschatological hope of the Christian community. Despite its richness, this metaphor has received limited scholarly engagement within African theological discourse, leading to a gap in its contextual application. This article addresses that gap by critically examining the implications of bridal ecclesiology for the African Church. Using conceptual analysis and a comprehensive review of existing literature, the study demonstrates that the bridal imagery not only illuminates the Church’s participatory role in Christ’s redemptive mission but also inspires a deeper communal spirituality, ethical commitment, and missional consciousness. The paper argues that integrating this metaphor into African ecclesiology can promote the church’s qualitative growth, enhance communal engagement, and invigorate its spiritual and missional vitality. In doing so, the article contributes to a more robust and contextually relevant African ecclesiological framework.
Background: Disruptions in the children Autism spectrum’s mirror neurons has been challenged by researchers in psychological and motor behavior science for children with autism spectrum. Methods that based on the mirror neuron system, such as cooperatively observation learning, can be used to increase the imitation of autism in children, and use them in teaching. However, few studies have investigated the effect of this educational method on the learning of autistic children.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of observational learning by individual and dyad training on mirror neurons function and learning of movement skills in autism spectrum disorder children.
Methods: The current research is a semi-experimental one that was designed and implemented in 2017. The statistical population includes 7-14-year-old boys on the autism spectrum (Asperger's and high-functioning) in Tehran, who were selected through purposive sampling. The samples were allocated to two individual and dyad training groups and trained in breaststroke skills twice a week for a period of 8 weeks. The data collection tool includes the Gars Autism Severity Scale (1994); the Chest crawl skill assessment checklist (Galaho and Ozman, 2005), and an electroencephalograph (EEG) sensor used to record brain waves. Data analysis was done by repeated measure covariance analysis, which was done in SPSS software.
Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that both groups improved mirror neurons function, but significantly, the dyad training group improved mirror neurons function in post-test, the difference between two groups was significantly in benefit of the dyad training group (p <0.001). Also, the quality of swimming skill (chest) in the dyad training group was significantly improved, and the difference between the two groups in improving the swimming skill was significantly in favor of the dyad group (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Training through observational learning, imitation, and observational feedback improves the activity of mirror neurons, which is effective in improving motor actions. As a result, one of the suggestions in this study is to focus on enhancing the functional capabilities of the neurons through observational learning in order to improve the motor skill of autism and neuropsychiatric rehabilitation.
Theological engagement with quantum physics has, to this day, been dominated by the Copenhagen interpretation. However, philosophers and physicists working in the “quantum foundations” field have largely abandoned the Copenhagen view on account of what is widely seen as its troublesome antirealism. Other metaphysical approaches have come to the fore instead, which often take a strongly realist flavor, such as de Broglie‐Bohm, or Everett's “Many‐Worlds” interpretation. In the spirit of recent quantum foundations work, this article introduces a collection of studies aimed at taking quantum theology “beyond Copenhagen.” The present article advocates a commitment to “quantum fundamentalism,” which could resolve some of the enduring ontological problems faced by existing theological work with quantum mechanics, especially in discussions of quantum special divine action. Taking quantum fundamentalism literally would mean a departure from the Copenhagen interpretation, and the article suggests the need for a new research program to lay the groundwork in the natural theology of quantum foundations.
Objective Emerging research suggests that self-compassion and self-coldness are involved in the treatment of psychological difficulties among refugees and asylum seekers. Self-compassion involves treating oneself with warmth and care and self-coldness involves treating oneself with harsh judgement. We aimed to explore the unique understandings and applications of self-compassion and self-coldness among Hazara asylum seekers and refugees in Australia. Method Eleven Hazaras (ninemen and two women) who were seeking asylum or had a refugee background were interviewed about their understandings and applications of self-compassion and self-coldness. Transcripts of interview recordings were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Participants reported wide variation in their understandings and applications of self-compassion and self-coldness. Participants broadly reported difficulties turning inwards with self-compassion. Participants also tended to place the needs of others before their own because of their histories and community/cultural ideas about self-compassion, such as self-compassion being selfish or justified only if in service of others. Experiencing significant external stressors, such as long standing family separation and visa insecurity, were also barriers to contacting private experiences. Conclusions The current study identified several important barriers among the Hazara community in applying self-compassion. Descriptive terms for self-compassion and self-coldness are also provided by the community and might inform clinical approaches.
Szukając odpowiedzi na pytanie czy Jezus jest Bogiem, P.Lisicki w pierwszej kolejności analizuje krytyczne koncepcje, zwracając uwagę na błędne przypuszczenia i niewłaściwe wnioski. Następnie prezentuje stanowisko współczesnych biblistów, którzy zrekonstruowali proces narodzin kultu Jezusa. W końcu, prezentuje swą własną argumentację, ukazując pierwotną koncepcje deifikacji Mistrza z Nazaretu. Argumentacja prezentowana przez P. Lisickiego jest dojrzałą apologią Jezusa jako Boga.
This article provides a sketch of the historical antecedent to the 11th century theory of maqāṣid al-sharī‘a (the purposes of the law). I examine the role of human benefit (maṣlaḥa) within the classical Shafi‘i school, focusing on the 10th and 11th centuries. I show that Shafi‘i law gave consideration of benefit a central role in the interpretation of scripture. This is attested to in both texts of legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh) and substantive law (furū‘ al-fiqh). Importantly, I also explain how Shafi‘is subjected their
claims about benefit to contestation and debate, acknowledging the limits to humans’ ability to apprehend God’s law. In presenting this classical model of benefit in the Shafi‘i school, the essay offers an alternative for reformists who invoke the maqāṣid al-sharī‘a today—an alternative that has a deep pedigree within the Islamic tradition and promotes the democratization of debate over the benefits of the law.
A lo largo de su obra Ronald Dworkin ha planteado una cuestión crucial acerca de la libertad de expresión: ¿es un derecho tan importante que su protección exige permitir formas de expresión que consideramos despreciables, ofensivas o socialmente dañinas? En este trabajo me gustaría analizar la reflexión del filósofo en torno a tal cuestión, centrándonos en la pornografía y los discursos del odio. Estas formas de expresión constituyen un desafío para los defensores de esa libertad, pues nos obligan a revisar los argumentos tradicionales empleados en su defensa. Para ello, consideraré en primer lugar la cuestión de si existe un derecho a la pornografía y cómo se podría justificar. Después revisaré su polémica con autoras feministas como Catharine MacKinnon a propósito de la prohibición de la pornografía, pues varias de las cuestiones son pertinentes en relación con los discursos del odio. Para concluir examinaré el modo en que R. Dworkin replantea la defensa de la libertad de expresión, pues tiene relevancia en el contexto de la discusión sobre la penalización de los discursos del odio.
Big data era has brought big challenge for firms in human resource management, especially in employees‘ emotion. Drawing on emotion regulation and leadership theories, this study tests the mediating roles of emotion regulation for cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in the relationship between spiritual leadership and job engagement. We made a field survey with 203 full-time employees to test our hypotheses. Empirical results show that the mediating effects of both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in accounting for the relationship between spiritual leadership and job engagement. Our study is among the first to examine whether and why spiritual leadership predicts job engagement. Our study contributes to the literatures on job engagement and emotion regulation.
Poland, being a post-Communist European country with a tradition of Marxists religious studies in operation till 1989, developed during the Communist Era an original way of connecting psychology of religion with the value-neutral study of religion. It is also a Catholic a country, in which psychology of religion was practiced in a bipolar milieu: religion as a “sensitive” topic was approached from either Marxist-atheist or Catholic religious perspective. Such dualistic divisions should end with the breaking of the Iron Curtain, and opening to the West, but was it so in this country of contrasts? The article forms a bird’s eye look on the last three decades of the Polish psychology of religion (1989–2020), concentrating on the “concrete products of scientific inquiry” therefore main works of scholars in the field are presented, discussed and context-wise interpreted in order to provide some answers for that query.
Matthieu Hein, Anais Mungo, Philippe Hubain
et al.
The complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness are very common among adolescents. In addition, in
this particular subpopulation, the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with negative
impact on school performances, interpersonal difficulties (school friends or family), extracurricular
activities, health and driving. In adolescents with complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness, it is
important to perform a complete clinical assessment including systematic clinical interview, physical
examination, sleep diaries, use of specific questionnaires and possible confirmatory tests. In
adolescents, the main causes of excessive daytime sleepiness are sleep deprivation, inadequate sleep
hygiene, insomnia disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, chronic somatic pathologies, psychiatric
disorders, movement disorders related to sleep, respiratory disorders related to sleep, parasomnias,
hypersomnia disorders and use of drugs or medications. Given the multiple aetiologies of excessive
daytime sleepiness in adolescents, the implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies is essential
in order to allow optimal management of this symptom and better prevention of its negative
consequences. The aim of this review is therefore to provide health care professionals caring for
adolescents with excessive daytime sleepiness complaints the currently recommended therapeutic
strategies for the main aetiologies of excessive daytime sleepiness in this particular subpopulation.
Beatriz Talavera-Velasco, Lourdes Luceño-Moreno, Jesús Martín-García
et al.
Among the variables associated with occupational stress, two of the most studied are the adverse perceptions of psychosocial risk factors in the workplace and burnout. With the rise of positive psychology, other variables of the individual type, such as hardy personality have also been the subject of study. No studies have been found that jointly examine these variables related to mental health in police officers. The aim of this research was to analyze which variables were associated with mental health in police officers. A total of 223 policemen (202 men and 21 women) participated in a cross-sectional study. Of all the variables, emotional exhaustion and perception of problems as challenges were the only factors introduced in the regression model. These factors must be considered to improve both human resource interventions and occupational health practices in this professional group.
This study used a self-designed questionnaire to empirically evaluate Chinese and American undergraduate students’ recognition of moral values in six dimensions: honesty, civility & self-discipline, benevolence, unity & helping others, esteem, and filial piety. In total, 743 valid samples from 8 Chinese universities and 157 valid samples from 4 American universities were collected for an experimental comparison. Measurement results showed that the differences between Chinese and American college students were not significant in the dimensions of honesty, benevolence, esteem, and filial piety. These values, which originated in traditional Chinese culture, had the same priorities in both groups, confirming a certain degree of universality. However, significant intergroup differences existed in the civility and self-discipline dimension and the unity and helping others dimension. These results highlight the importance of enhancing Chinese college students’ moral consciousness, especially with esteem, and of enhancing American students’ consciousness of unity and helping others.
Background: The dimension of individualism-collectivism is regarded as one of the most important cultural factors that influence a person’s self-consciousness, and help shape his/her sense of self as independent or interdependent. Moreover, studies support the conclusion that the salience of both tendencies may vary not only within a single national culture (depending on the place of residence, language environment, etc.), but also on the level of the individual self (depending on the current situation). In our research we have assumed that the language environment (receiving education in one’s native or a foreign language) acts as a socio-cultural factor affecting the self-concept of students of the same nationality–more specifically, the intensity of their individualistic and collectivistic characteristics.
Objective: Finding socio-cultural differences in self-image between two groups of Azerbaijanian students (learning in Russian and Azerbaijanian, respectively).
Design: The sample included one hundred students from Baku colleges and universities equally divided into two groups. Participants in the first group were studying in Azerbaijani while those in the second group were learning in Russian. We collected data in the form of open-ended self-descriptions. We examined these texts using contentanalysis procedures. Then we calculated correlations between certain defined characteristics for each group.
Results: The self-descriptions produced by students learning in Azerbaijanian contained the following features: norm compliance as a significant factor in emotional wellbeing; self-criticism related to negative feelings and expectation of outside criticism; the prevalence of self-justification and bravado as basic forms of psychological defense, combined with the lack of self-enhancement; and focus on society and interpersonal relations affecting the respondents’ inner feelings. The second group’s (those learning in Russian) self-descriptions featured positive self-esteem as an important component of emotional well-being. Self-criticism was not associated with negative feelings and others’ judgments. In the texts of Russian-speaking students there was a tendency to use self-embellishment as a way of self-enhancement. This group was less inclined to focus on society.
Conclusions: The characteristics of these two groups’ self-depictions gravitated toward two different self-constructs: independent (for those learning in Russian) and interdependent (for the participants learning in Azerbaijanian), the division being in line with the individualistic and collectivistic culture, respectively.