Hasil untuk "Norwegian literature"

Johan Klemet Hætta Kalstad

Norwegian Sami policy in the 1970s – strengthening “Saminess” through renewal In the course of the 1970s, certain events occurred in Sami politics which laid the foundation for renewed “Saminess” as well as recognition of the Sami people as an indigenous people of Norway. Sami rights were then, for the first time, presented as indigenous peoples’ rights. The theme of this article is the strengthening of “Saminess” with the emphasis on how Norwegian Sami policy was formulated during the 1970s and to what degree the hunger strike might have influenced this policy. The purpose of the article is to acquire new knowledge about the Sami movement’s industrious generation through research based on qualitative methods. Due to the neo-corporatism of the 70s, representatives of Sami organizations gained access to the political decision-making bodies that formulated official Sami policy. The strategy was to revitalize Sami culture by renewing elements such as art, literature, yoik, other Sami music etc. New forms of Sami cultural expression such as festivals and theatre were established, forming part of the revitalization process. Through this revitalization of Sami culture, together with an enhanced Saminess, the Sami people would, in turn, gain ground in relation to the dominant community. The term I have used to describe this revitalization is the Sami political community-oriented perspective. The efforts made by young Samis in their struggle to define and formulate a Sami policy aimed at strengthening Saminess appeared in a rather conspicuous fashion. At the end of 1979, demonstrations against the dam-building project on the Alta-Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino waterway took place, subsequent to which Sami activists went on a hunger strike in Oslo. The hunger strike had a considerable effect on the Norwegian public at large, which has since led to support for the Sami policy.

Peter Nicolai Aashamar, Nora E. H. Mathé

Inquiry-oriented teaching has been central to social science education literature and curricula for years. However, few empirical studies, especially in the Nordic context, have examined such teaching practices across various contexts. This study drew on teacher interviews and video-recorded classroom observations in Norwegian lower and upper secondary social studies and social science to explore teachers’ perceptions and implementations of inquiry under a new national curriculum reform. We used a comparative approach, combining content analysis of interviews and the EDUCATE observation protocol, to identify the prevalence and characteristics of inquiry-oriented teaching practices in the classroom videos. Our findings suggest clear links between teachers’ perspectives on inquiry in social studies and social science and the teachers’ implementation of inquiry-oriented teaching practices. Most teachers viewed inquiry as inherent to the subject and implemented it in various ways in most lessons. Teachers largely understood inquiry as allowing students to seek information and develop answers independently; they emphasised the importance of scaffolding and differentiation; and while teachers discussed various social science topics, there was limited focus on research methods in the interviews. Using the EDUCATE observation protocol for inquiry-oriented teaching, we found that most lesson segments included inquiry-oriented practices; however, they primarily included the investigation phase, while preparation and consolidation of inquiry were observed to a lesser extent. The implications include specific suggestions for developing inquiry-oriented teaching in social studies and social science education.

Kristin Häikiö, Carl Robert Christiansen, Rune Kveen et al.

Abstract Introduction Ambulance staff play a crucial role in responding to mental health crises. However, negative regard toward patients with mental health conditions can hinder care. The Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS) assesses regards or attitudes but has not previously been validated for educated ambulance staff and has never been translated into Norwegian. This study aims to translate the instrument into Norwegian, test it on a population of ambulance staff, explore the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version, and measure regard for patients with psychosis. Method The MCRS is an 11-item instrument with a Likert scale of 1–6. Possible sum scores range from 11 to 66 (higher score = more positive regards). We chose “psychosis” as the condition to investigate. Translation followed eight steps: (1) preparation, (2) forward translation, (3) backward translation, (4) first expert panel review, (5) harmonisation, (6) cognitive debriefing, (7) second expert panel review, and (8) writing of the final version. The instrument was tested and re-tested regarding the condition “psychosis” on a representative sample of 114 Norwegian ambulance staff in 2023, with a temporal gap of one month. We explored item scores and distribution, as well as floor and ceiling effects. We tested the internal consistency of the items using Cronbach’s Alpha and consistency in answers over time (test and re-test) using the Paired Sample-T test. We used factor analyses to explore the inter-item relationships of the items. Results The 114 participants had a mean sum score of 47, which is mid-range. The scale has a ceiling effect on five items, which was not described in detail earlier. Two items regarding the monetary spending on patients with the given condition had the largest ceiling effects. However, the Norwegian translation showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.82) and is reliable over time. Test and re-test showed no significant differences in the scale’s total score (Paired sample T-test, p > 0.05). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate that the scale should be used as a one-dimensional instrument in a Norwegian setting in ambulance staff populations. Conclusion The Norwegian translation of the MCRS is a reliable instrument for ambulance staff measuring medical condition regards. However, the ceiling effect limits the ability to discern differences among high-scoring individuals. Ambulance staff’s regard for patients with psychosis is medium positive (mid-range level), but slightly more positive than what is reported in the international literature regarding patients with mental health issues.

Johan Fredrik Rye, Mette Andersson, Karen O’Reilly

The introduction present key research questions addressed by the Special Issue: What is the character of the symbolic reproduction of racial, ethnic and/ or national boundaries and how are they interwoven into international migrants’ practices, experiences, and strategies within Europe’s low-waged workplaces? The four IS papers address this question from different perspectives; three of them by drawing on materials from the food production industries in the Scandinavian countries and the UK, the last discussing how Polish labour migrant in Norwegian society are objects of ‘gray racialization’ setting them apart from the majority population. A main contribution of the SI lies in the bridging of disparate literature in the fields of labour markets, migration, and social and symbolic boundary processes: The in-depth qualitative analysis demonstrates how migrants working in low wage, low skill labour markets are the object of ongoing processes of othering along racial, ethnic and national lines. Various agents representing the majority society – the state, employers, trade unions and local communities – each in their own ways contribute to these processes and thereby to the reproduction of social inequalities. Combined, the SI papers also demonstrate the role the migrants themselves play in the production and reproduction of these dynamics.

Sultana Ali Norozi

The concept of wellbeing in education is complex and multifaceted, with inconsistent definitions, philosophical conceptualizations, and research approaches. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding and promoting comprehensive wellbeing in school education, drawing insights from global in general and the Norwegian context in particular. The paper begins by reviewing the literature on wellbeing and wellbeing in educational policies to identify common threads in contemporary understandings and approaches to wellbeing, highlighting important issues in its conceptualization. The analysis shows the need for a holistic understanding of wellbeing, encompassing its multiple dimensions, which should be introduced and advocated in schools. The paper contributes to a more comprehensive and holistic concept of wellbeing that should be an integral part of school education. The discourse highlights the emergence of an alternative, commonly agreed theoretical framework for holistic wellbeing, drawing together different dimensions of wellbeing and interconnectedness and focusing on students’ strengths. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the framework for future research and practice. The framework offers a comprehensive and integrative approach to understanding and promoting wellbeing in school education, which can guide the development of interventions and policies that address the multiple factors influencing students’ wellbeing. The framework also highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and a systems approach to wellbeing in education, which can promote a holistic and sustainable approach to education that benefits both students and society.

Sanda TOMESCU BACIU, Roxana-Ema DREVE

On the occasion of the recent Nobel Prize for Literature 2023, awarded to the Norwegian playwriter, novelist, essay writer and poet Jon Fosse, we invited scholars and translators from Norway and Romania to answer a series of questions related to Jons Fosse’s outstanding contribution to world literature. Many of the translators are at the same time active at academic level. The researchers and the translators were asked to address at least three of several questions. We invited the following contributors to participate in the survey: Professor Heming H. Gujord (Bergen University), Professor Unni Langås (Agder University), Professor Lisbeth P. Wærp and Professor Henning H. Wærp (The Artic University of Norway), Associate Professor and translator Zsofia Domsa (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim), Associate Professor and translator Carmen Vioreanu (Bucharest University), Senior Lecturer and translator Daria Ioan (Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj), Assistant Professor and translator Ovio Olaru (Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu) and Dr. Anamaria Babiaș-Ciobanu, translator. We are thankful to the respondents for participating in the survey.

Diana CIOT-MONDA

Jon FOSSE, born in 1959 in Strandebarm in the Hardanger region, is a Norwegian dramatist, prose writer and poet and is considered one of the most important contemporary writers. In 2015 he won the Nordic Council for Literature Grand Prize and in 2022 he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. He writes in Nynorsk, one of Norway's official written languages, and his works have been translated into more than 50 languages, including Romanian. Internationally known especially for his plays, Jon Fosse and some of his writings are also studied at the Faculty of Letters in Cluj-Napoca, Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature.

Pieter de Wilde, Astrid Rasch, Michael Bossetta

Contributions in this thematic issue focus explicitly on citizens and their online engagement with European politics. For social media research in the European Union, citizens remain an understudied actor type in comparison with political elites or news organizations. The reason, we argue, is four key challenges facing social media research in the European Union: legal, ethical, technical, and cultural. To introduce this thematic issue, we outline these four challenges and illustrate how they relate to each contribution. Given that these challenges are unlikely to dissipate, we stress the need for open dialogue about them. A key part of that involves contextualizing research findings within the constraints in which they are produced. Despite these challenges, the contributions showcase that a theoretical and empirical focus on citizens’ social media activity can illuminate key insights into vitally important topics for contemporary Europe. These include civic participation, institutional communication, media consumption, gender inequality, and populism.

Stefan Rohrbacher

Juden ist der Zugang zu deutschen Universitäten in der Frühen Neuzeit lange verwehrt geblieben. Erst ab 1675 wurden sie an einzelnen Hochschulen zum Studium zugelassen. Die Berufung jüdischer Wissenschaftler auf Professuren stand erst in der Zeit des Ringens um die Gleichberechtigung der Juden im 19. Jahrhundert zur Diskussion. Ein singulärer Sonderfall wird in dem Mediziner Jakob Israel gesehen, der 1652 an der Universität Heidelberg auf eine Professur berufen wurde. Israel wohnte in der Heidelberger Judengasse in der Judenschule. In seiner Eigenschaft als Stadtphysikus setzte er ein Verbot der Schweinehaltung durch. Dennoch wurde er offenbar weder in der Stadt noch an der Universität als Jude angefeindet oder gar ausgegrenzt. Als einzigartiges Beispiel frühneuzeitlicher Akzeptanz und Integration eines jüdischen Gelehrten ist Jakob Israel in der Erinnerung der Stadt Heidelberg und ihrer Universität bis heute präsent. Dieser Beitrag bemüht sich um eine klärende Einordnung des Falles.

Marcus Axelsson, Charlotte Lindgren

The Translation of Foul Language in the French and Swedish Translations of Maria Parr’s Keeperen og havet The current study deals with the translation of foul language in the French and Swedish translations of Maria Parr’s Norwegian novel Keeperen og havet (Lena, the Sea, and Me, 2017). Previous research shows that children’s literature is translated differently in France and in Scandinavia. It is also well-known that parents often have an opinion on what children’s literature can contain. For this reason, we choose the two target languages in question, French and Swedish, and the specific object of study, namely foul language. Methodologically, this is a comparative case study where we compare how passages containing foul language are translated from Norwegian to French and Swedish. Parr is highly creative in her use of foul language. Our study suggests that the Swedish translator retains the coarseness of the source text, and often does so to a great extent by choosing established expressions in the target language. The French translator shows a great deal of creativity, as she uses the characteristics of the plot and the setting to find solutions that are true to the style of the source text.

Tobias E. Hämmerle

Until to the beginning of the 17th century the North was rather an unknown and abstract space for the average German-speaking recipient of early modern mass media (for example illustrated broadsheets, newspapers, pamphlets). In the course of the 17th century due to Denmark’s and Sweden’s participation in the Thirty Years War, the northern regions became a central topic in the early modern mass media and therefore forced the recipient to be more aware of it. In the course of the second half of the 17th century the northern kingdoms became less important for the publicists in the Holy Roman Empire and instead they laid their focus on the politics of French and the Ottoman Empire. Thus, the image of the northerners and their stereotypes, which had been introduced to the German speaking readers in the course of the Thirty Years War, lived on until the beginning of the 18th century. Nevertheless, the Great Northern War (1700–1721) brought the people from the northern regions back to the media landscape of the Holy Roman Empire and about the same time the illustrated broadsheet – an almost antiquated genre of mass media that had struggled with the upcoming of the new modern genre ‘newspaper’ – experienced a kind of a renaissance. The aim of this article is to describe how the northern region, with a focus on Sweden, was depicted in early modern mass media between the 15th and the 18th centuries. I will show continuities and changes of the visual and textual representation of ‘northerners’ and ‘Sweden’ in early modern mass media, which were published in the Holy Roman Empire between around 1500 until the end of the Great Northern War in 1721.

Olli Pyyhtinen

The article examines the six-volume autobiographical novel cycle My Struggle by the contemporary Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgaard as a case of parrh?sia, that is, telling the truth about oneself. The novel poses writing as a problem, in terms of truth. By exploring through My Struggle the preconditions, consequences, and difficulty of speaking the truth and how the practice may contravene social norms, the paper tries to get at the role that secrecy and truthfulness play in and for social relationships. In exposing his innermost thoughts, feelings, and desires and revealing family secrets for everyone to see and read about them, Knausgaard exceeded rules that govern sociality and felt obliged to be inconsiderate to others, on whom the parrhesiast practice nevertheless always depends. Ultimately, the novel is a freedom experiment that fails, transcending the boundary between art and life, literature and the social.

Sanda TOMESCU BACIU, Raluca POP, Fartein Thorsen ØVERLAND et al.

Understanding the factors that have influenced the gradual increase in the number of students wishing to be granted a BA in Norwegian language and literature. This study has intended to identify the reasons which have led to an increased interest in the study of Norwegian at The Faculty of Letters of Babeș-Bolyai University over the past years. According to the data gathered from the 86 respondents, students are enrolling for reasons that account for both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. The fact that the only BA programme in Norwegian language and literature can be found in Cluj-Napoca might be one of the main reasons for the growing number of students. Good job opportunities (abroad and in Romania), and the reputation on the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature (internationalization and exchange mobilities, teaching methods, extracurricular activities, junior summer schools, etc.) also contribute to the increase in the number of students. REZUMAT. Înțelegerea factorilor ce au influențat creșterea treptată a numărului de studenți care doresc să obțină o diplomă de licență în limba și literatura norvegiană. Acest studiu a dorit să identifice motivele care au determinat interesul crescut pentru studiul limbii norvegiene la Facultatea de Litere a Universității Babeș-Bolyai din ultimii ani. Conform datelor strânse de la cei 86 de respondenți, am aflat că studenții se înscriu din motive care țin atât de factori motivaționali intrinseci, cât și extrinseci. Faptul că la Cluj-Napoca se află singurul program de licență în limba și literatura norvegiană poate fi unul dintre motivele principale ale numărului tot mai mare de studenți. Șansele unor locuri de muncă bune (în străinătate și în România), precum și reputația Departamentului de Limbi și Literaturi Scandinave (internaționalizare și mobilități, metode de predare, activități extracurriculare, școli de vară etc.) contribuie constant la creșterea numărului de studenți. Cuvinte cheie: învățarea unei limbi străine, cercetare calitativă, metodă cantitativă, motivație, expectanțele studenților, oportunități de carieră, dezvoltare culturală, profesionalism.

Eli Feiring, Hege Wang

Abstract Background Governments are facing tough choices about whether to fund new, promising but highly expensive drugs within the public healthcare system. Decisions that some drugs are not sufficiently beneficial relative to their cost to merit public funding are often contentious. The importance of making decisions that stakeholders can understand and accept as legitimate is increasingly recognized and is commonly understood to be a crucial component for stakeholder support and successful implementation. Yet, little is known about clinicians’ perceptions of legitimate limit-setting. This study aimed to examine oncologists’ perceptions of the legitimacy of governmental decisions to deny patients access to new cancer drugs because effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the drugs has not been demonstrated. Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 12 Norwegian oncologists were carried out. Data were interpreted with the use of theory driven thematic analysis. The analytical framework of Accountability for reasonableness aided data gathering and interpretation. Results The participants endorsed the ideal of explicit criteria-based priority setting. Yet, when confronted with actual rationing decisions, they were far more equivocal. They advocated for increased access to drugs and were not always prepared to accept rationing of drugs they felt would benefit their patient. Distrust in the Norwegian centralised drug review process was found and different rationales were identified: i) Lack of engagement with the process, ii) Disagreement with the use of rationing criteria, iii) Lack of transparency and lack of dispute resolution procedures. Concerns about the wider implications of rationing decisions were reported. Most importantly, these related to negative impact on patient-doctor relationship of micro-level rationing and to inequities in drug availability resulting from privatisation of high-cost cancer treatment. Conclusions Drawing on the analytical framework, we conclude that perceptions of legitimacy regarding rationing of high-cost drugs include procedural fairness. However, notions of substantive justice also seem to be important for accepting reasons given for decisions. Regulatory legitimacy may further warrant a more sophisticated theoretical account of second-order beliefs about the justifiability of rationing new technologies. These findings indicate a need for a broader concept of legitimacy than is commonly used in the literature on healthcare prioritisation.

K. Rønningen, A. Renwick, R. Burton

M. Souto‐Otero, Odd Bjørn Ure

S. Pridmore, J. Ahmadi, Z. Majeed

T. Grøntoft

A. Blekesaune, K. Rønningen

Jahn Petter Johnsen, Grant Murray, B. Neis