Catarina J. Pinho, Mohammed Darwish, Jiří Šmíd
et al.
DNA metabarcoding is widely used for diet characterization and is becoming increasingly important for biodiversity conservation, allowing the understanding of trophic networks and community assemblies. However, to our knowledge, few studies have used this approach to investigate trophic interactions for whole communities and none for reptiles. In particular, few studies have examined the diet composition of Saudi Arabian reptiles, and all have used classical methods only. Therefore, in this work, a non-invasive approach using DNA metabarcoding of faecal pellets was implemented to investigate the diet composition of the reptile community of Wadi Ashar, in AlUla County, north-western Saudi Arabia Kingdom. In the overall diet composition of the community, arthropods were present in 90% of the samples, and plants were present in 63%, revealing the unforeseen importance of plants to this community as a secondary, but also a primary dietary item. For some species, this is the first time that plants have been reported in their diet. A significant effect of reptile body size on diet composition was also demonstrated, indicating its strong influence on prey selection and resource partitioning in the community. This study highlights the importance of community assessments and the power of combining these with non-invasive DNA metabarcoding to accurately assess biodiversity and feeding habits, revealing unknown ecological interactions of often neglected groups. This revolutionary tool for conservation and management provided rapid and holistic information at relatively low costs, allowing to inform local authorities about which elements are central to the sustainable management of the Wadi Ashar community.
Julio Mercader, Julio Mercader, Julio Mercader
et al.
The rock shelter site of Mumba in northern Tanzania plays a pivotal role in the overall study of the late Pleistocene archaeology of East Africa with an emphasis on the Middle to Later Stone Age transition. We used phytolith analysis to reconstruct general plant habitat physiognomy around the site from the onset of the late Pleistocene to recent times, tallying 4246 individual phytoliths from 19 archaeological samples. Statistical analysis explored phytolith richness, diversity, dominance, and evenness, along with principal components to compare phytolith distributions over the site’s sequence with known plant habitats today. Generally, the phytolith record of Mumba signifies paleoenvironments with analogs in the Somalia – Masai bushland and grassland, as well as Zambezian woodlands.
Este ensayo relata la trayectoria vital de Emilio Bobadilla, alias Fray Candil (Cárdenas, 1862 – Biarritz, 1921). Las páginas que siguen buscan despertar interés en la biografía y la obra de este intelectual y polemista cubano ―un tanto olvidado― que se desempeñó como escritor, poeta, periodista, crítico literario y diplomático.
Elenir Carmen Morgenstern, Efrain Foglia Romero, Leticia Hermes
et al.
The article delves into issues related to the disciplinary boundaries of design. It focuses more specifically on practices related to the fields of fashion design and technology for the development of fashion products. In this sense, the text highlights theories related to a production of sustainable fashion design evidencing practices related to social projects in Brazil, university extension, that invest in social technology through methods, processes and materials that minimize environmental impacts. The article raises questions about the contribution of technological advances to the environment, specifically in the field of fashion. The reflection questions the extent to which social technologies andtechnological processes applied to the development of fashion products can contribute to sustainability, minimizing environmental impacts. The text, in its development, describes technologies currently applied to fashion products; presents an illustrative case examining the theoretical intention by means of a brief history about the technological evolution of the piece "T-shirt" (semarreta); contextualizes practices related to fashion production in Spain / Barcelona; and, finally, analyzes and emits positions through the intersection between theoretical reflections and practical cases.
The codex 3893 of the Biblioteca Nacional de España [The Spanish National Library] contains the only preserved testimonies of the work of Martín Vázquez Siruela as commentator on Luis de Góngora. In this article, we present the main results of the archaeologic and paleographic studies of this manuscript. We also propose the transcription’s authorship, chronology, organization and a classification of its texts. Furthermore, several unpublished documents about the author, including his testament, were discovered while carrying out a research on other archives. This new data together with the study of the author’s life stages has allowed us to establish the intellectual preferences of Martín Vázquez.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
This paper proposes a comparative study of Desmundo (1997) by the Brazilian Ana Miranda and Nação crioula (1997) by the Angolan José Eduardo Agualusa. The analysis focusses on the configuration of the protagonists of both novels. These protagonists transit the Atlantic Ocean which is characterized by symbolic exchanges and intense cultural contact: respectively a marriageable maiden who is compelled to immigrate to Brazil in order to strengthen the Lusitanian presence in the tropics, confirming the body of the white woman also as an instrument of European merchant machine, and a former slave and rich owner who becomes the embodiment of anti-abolitionist struggle in a mixed race Angola, confirming once again the body of the black woman as a slave trade merchandise.
Pere Almagro,1 Anna Lapuente,2 Julia Pareja,1 Sergi Yun,1 Maria Estela Garcia,3 Ferrán Padilla,4 Josep Ll Heredia,2 Alex De la Sierra,1 Joan B Soriano5 1Department of Internal Medicine, 2Pneumology Service, Mutua de Terrassa University Hospital, Terrassa, Spain; 3Medical Department, Menarini Pharmaceutical, Barcelona, Spain; 4Cardiology Service, Mutua de Terrassa University Hospital, Terrassa, Spain; 5Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Background: Retrospective studies based on clinical data and without spirometric confirmation suggest a poorer prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The impact of undiagnosed COPD in these patients is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of COPD – previously or newly diagnosed – in patients with IHD treated with PCI.Methods: Patients with IHD confirmed by PCI were consecutively included. After PCI they underwent forced spirometry and evaluation for cardiovascular risk factors. All-cause mortality, new cardiovascular events, and their combined endpoint were analyzed.Results: A total of 133 patients (78%) male, with a mean (SD) age of 63 (10.12) years were included. Of these, 33 (24.8%) met the spirometric criteria for COPD, of whom 81.8% were undiagnosed. IHD patients with COPD were older, had more coronary vessels affected, and a greater history of previous myocardial infarction. Median follow-up was 934 days (interquartile range [25%–75%]: 546–1,160). COPD patients had greater mortality (P=0.008; hazard ratio [HR]: 8.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76–44.47) and number of cardiovascular events (P=0.024; HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04–3.33), even those without a previous diagnosis of COPD (P=0.01; HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.12–2.83). These differences remained after adjustment for sex, age, number of coronary vessels affected, and previous myocardial infarction (P=0.025; HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.08–3.1).Conclusion: Prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD in patients with IHD who undergo PCI are both high. These patients have an independent greater mortality and a higher number of cardiovascular events during follow-up. Keywords: ischemic heart disease, mortality, myocardial infarction, prognosis
Fernando Azevedo publica en 1920 Antinoüs: estudo de cultura atlética, estudio surgido a raíz de una conferencia pronunciada por él en la Sociedad Eugênica de Sao Paulo. Este artículo estudia el radio de influencia de este ensayo en la evolución de la educación física en el seno del sistema educativo brasileño.
In the construction of the city filmic spaces, the inhabitants constitute a key element, as well as filmic processes, visual or sound. Through six emblematic films produced throughout the second half of 20th century, we analyze how the representation of Madrid inhabitants evolves, what its functions and characteristics are in the construction of urban and suburban spaces and how it changes depending of the time frame and the singular views of the film directors.
Leading theatre historians and practitioners map a theatrical history that moves from the religious tropes of medieval Iberia to the postmodern practices of twenty-first-century Spain. Considering work across the different languages of Spain, from vernacular Latin to Catalan, Galician and Basque, this history engages with the work of actors and directors, designers and publishers, agents and impresarios, and architects and ensembles, in indicating the ways in which theatre has both commented on and intervened in the major debates and issues of the day. Chapters consider paratheatrical activities and popular performance, such as the comedia de magia and flamenco, alongside the works of Spain's major dramatists, from Lope de Vega to Federico García Lorca. Featuring revealing interviews with actress Nuria Espert, director Lluís Pasqual and playwright Juan Mayorga, it positions Spanish theatre within a paradigm that recognizes its links and intersections with wider European and Latin American practices.
In her introduction to Screening Strangers: Migration and Diaspora in Contemporary European Cinema, Yosefa Loshitzky points to the evolution of a globalization process whereby previously “classical countries of emigration” including Portugal, Greece and Ireland have themselves become desirable destinations for third world migrants seeking a better life in the European Union. The intricacies of writing a book as wide-ranging as Loshitzky’s, coupled with the continuing and unpredictable fallout from the economic crisis, ensure that even shrewd observations about the state of contemporary Europe run the risk of immediate obsolescence. That Loshitzky should single out these three nations (along with Spain) in outlining an introductory section on “Fortress Europe, Diasporas and Globalization” is hardly a slight on a book that is well argued, engaging and detailed; moreover, it should serve paradoxically as an endorsement of her central treatise: namely that far from being a utopian cultural melting pot, European society has struggled to come to terms with the realities it faces and the obligations inherent in its history.
This article proposes a reading of Cienfuegos’ lyric poetry based on the existence of two levels of discourse, public and private, similar to the ones that can be differentiated in his plays and that the author cultivates with different purposes in mind. it is observed that cienfuegos wrote his poetry from a personal distance which nonetheless reflects his own life experience.
<p class="CM3" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">His article studies the presence of dreams as a recurring narrative element in the work of Fernández de Lizardi, and in particular in <em>Los paseos de la verdad</em>, published in five excerpts in 1815 in the <em>Alacena de Frioleras</em>, in imitation of the <em>Sueños</em> of torres Villarroel. Emphasis is placed on the moralizing intention of the author and the linking of dreams to the constitution of an ideal that of a new nation built upon a synthesis of the best ideas of the age, be they traditional or modern.</span></p>
La expulsión de los moriscos forma parte de la crisis general del Quinientos, en que se derrumba un mundo campesino relativamente autónomo y se vive el auge de una sociedad capitalista. La presencia morisca, en un tiempo de inflación de precios, fue contemplada como un agravamiento del desorden moral que socavaba los cimientos de una república bien ordenada. Si bien no se ignoraron los aspectos materiales y los daños económicos de la expulsión, se pone de manifiesto en el trabajo la innegable primacía de la fe, y la reivindicación por los partidarios de la expulsión de la preeminencia del servicio de Dios.
<p>RESUMEN: El artículo estudia el papel que desempeñó la Gazeta de Madrid durante la Guerra de Sucesión en España, tema inédito. Desde el siglo XVII las Cortes europeas disponían de publicaciones periódicas que amparaban o subvencionaban a cambio de controlar los contenidos y de que en ellas apareciesen todas las noticias que favoreciesen a las diversas Coronas. En España la primera Gazeta a favor de la monarquía surgió también en el siglo XVII fue una concesión del rey Felipe IV a su hijo bastardo Juan José de Austria. Es esta misma Gazeta (tras pasar por diferentes vicisitudes), la que recoge los acontecimientos de 1701 a 1714. Como vamos a comprobar, la publicación silencia las derrotas y los desastres, y magnifica las victorias y los éxitos de las tropas reales; y deja muy claro quiénes eran los amigos del monarca.</p><p>ABSTRACT: This article studies the role that la Gazeta de Madrid had during the Spanish Succession War, a subject that has not been investigated before. Since the XVII century, European Courts had periodical publications that were supported or funded to control the information. Therefore, these publications only printed news approved by the Spanish Royalty and that favoured the different Crowns. In Spain, this first royalist Gazette in favour of monarchy also began in the XVII century and was a concession of Felipe IV to his bastard son, Juan José de Austria. This is also the Gazette, after different problems were overcome, that published information about the 1701-14 events. As we can see, the gazette remains silent about the defeats and magnifies the triumphs and successes of the royal troops, and gives a clear idea of who were the monarch’s friends.</p>
El autor reconstruye la biografía de uno de los miembros más influyentes del aparato burocrático de la monarquía castellana durante el reinado de los Reyes Católicos: el contador mayor Juan Velázquez Cuellar. Informa sobre la estrecha relación que sus padres mantuvieron con Isabel la Católica y su madre, Isabel de Portugal, que favoreció su posterior promoción. Analiza la trayectoria de este personaje en la Corte de Isabel la Católica, desde su incorporación a la misma como paje, hasta la muerte de la reina. Da cuenta de la cercana conexión que mantuvo con Fernando el Católico, a quien apoyó para que se hiciera cargo del gobierno de Castilla tras la muerte de su yerno, el rey Felipe. Y termina refiriéndose a su caída en desgracia después del deceso de este rey, cuando era gobernador el cardenal Cisneros.
Si bien la paternidad de la Instrucción y Fuero de Población contenida en la Real Cédula de 5 de julio de 1767 sigue siendo debatida, nadie pone en duda el carácter modélico que se quiso dar a su articulado, tenido como síntesis del poblacionismo agrarista y guía de muchas de las empresas colonizadoras impulsadas durante la segunda mitad del Setecientos. Su referencia habitual, como veremos, en los proyectos y realizaciones de empresas colonizadoras impulsadas en los territorios de la antigua Corona de Aragón en ese mismo período prueba el carácter paradigmático del Fuero de Población, si bien en Valencia, sur de Cataluña, algunos lugares de Aragón y Mallorca, su preeminencia hubo de compartirla con el denominado Fuero Alfonsino, un poderoso instrumento repoblador utilizado desde el siglo XIV, hibernado desde 1707, y recuperado en sus potencialidades en la década de 1770.