Introduction. The article presents a methodology for calculating thermal stresses in asphalt concrete road pavement on metal orthotropic highway bridges for durability. This methodology takes into account materials science and design approaches, which allows designing road pavement on metal highway bridges with increased crack resistance to the effects of annual and daily temperatures.
Issues. Highway bridges are an important component of the transport network not only of cities, but also of the entire state. Every year, thousands of new vehicles appear in Ukraine, which leads to a change in the composition of traffic flows, an increase in load capacity and speed. In most European countries, restrictions have been introduced on the movement of heavy vehicles on the bridge deck design in order to ensure a longer service life of the pavement and structural elements of bridges, because the road pavement on metal highway bridges operates in more adverse conditions and, accordingly, higher requirements are imposed on it than on non-rigid road surfaces of highways. The road surface on metal road bridges must be resistant to cracking from temperature fluctuations. In connection with the listed conditions, there is an urgent need to develop an improved calculation method that would meet modern road construction requirements, contribute to increasing the durability of the road surface on metal road bridges, and ensure the rational use of economic resources.
Igor Gameliak, Sergii Rybalchenko, Vitaliy Raykovskiy
et al.
Introduction. Expansion joints are an integral part of the design of a cement-concrete road surface, as they provide compensation for temperature and shrinkage deformations, preventing uncontrolled crack formation. Rational design of the distance between expansion joints is one of the key factors affecting the durability and load-bearing capacity of the road surface. Incorrect calculation of these parameters can lead to premature failure of the structure, a decrease in its operational reliability, and an increase in repair and maintenance costs [1 – 6].
This article considers the issue of improving approaches to calculating the distance between expansion joints in a cement-concrete surface based on the DSTU draft "Guidelines for the design of rigid road surfaces", which is currently being developed by the SE «NIDI» with the participation of the National Transport University. The proposed methods were developed taking into account the advanced domestic and international experience in designing highways with rigid road surfaces, analysis of current regulatory legal acts, building codes, scientific and technical literature, as well as modern road construction materials and technologies. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of road and climatic regions of Ukraine, which allows adapting the methodology to real conditions of operation of the road surface.
Mirosław Graczyk, Agata Kowalewska, Krzysztof Blacha
et al.
Współczesne budownictwo drogowych i lotniskowych nawierzchni betonowych coraz częściej wykorzystuje materiały z recyklingu jako kluczowy element zrównoważonego rozwoju. Stosowanie materiałów pochodzących „z odzysku” pozwala nie tylko ograniczyć negatywny wpływ na środowisko – zmniejszając zużycie surowców naturalnych i emisję dwutlenku węgla, ale także przyczynia się do obniżenia kosztów inwestycji. Jedną ze skutecznych metod recyklingu w budownictwie nawierzchni drogowych i lotniskowych jest technologia rubblizingu. Polega ona na odprężeniu (kruszeniu) istniejącej nawierzchni z betonu cementowego jedną z dostępnych metod, takich jak: rezonansowa kruszenia nawierzchni (ang. Resonant Pavement Breaker – RMI), wielogłowicowego rozbijania (ang. Multi-Head Breaker – MHB) czy gilotynowego kruszenia nawierzchni (ang. Guillotine Pavement Breaker – GPB), a następnie wykorzystania powstałego przekruszu betonowego jako warstwy podbudowy przy remontach nawierzchni dróg i lotnisk. W artykule przedstawiono przykłady oraz wpływ zastosowania przekruszu betonowego w procesie remontu nawierzchni drogowych i lotniskowych. Rubblizing jest przykładem zrównoważonej praktyki w budownictwie infrastrukturalnym, która przyczynia się nie tylko do ochrony środowiska naturalnego, ale może być traktowany jako recykling drogowych i lotniskowych nawierzchni betonowych. Zaprezentowane w pracy wyniki badań jednoznacznie potwierdzają pozytywny wpływ rubblizingu w aspekcie technicznym prowadzenia prac związanych z remontem (przebudową) istniejących nawierzchni drogowych i lotniskowych.
Introduction. The article discusses the need for systemic qualitative changes in the management structure and requirements for the construction project management process in the context of digital transformation, characterized by a combination of advanced technologies and the integration of physical and digital systems. The importance of considering the problems and aspects of digital transformation in the context of new generations (a qualitatively new cluster of human capital), digital talent, changing the mindset of project managers, as well as key changes in construction project management systems in the digital environment is highlighted.
Problem statement. The construction industry is a fundamental sector of the economy of any country. A construction project is a structural element of the “construction” system, which allows to form the economic effect of the industry's development as a whole.
Modern construction project management includes a set of interconnected but heterogeneous subsystems that together should increase the level of economic profitability. The defining subsystems are:
1. Strategic risk management: Given the volatility of raw material markets and the high value of some materials, the introduction of circular approaches in construction management can help reduce the vulnerability of projects to risks associated with fluctuations in material prices.
2. Efficient use of resources: A central goal of construction management is to optimize the use of resources to achieve project goals. The use of circular economy principles will allow to use resources more efficiently and reduce the cost of purchasing new materials.
Muhammad Yunus, Nurul Muhlisah, Catur Wicaksono
et al.
Salah satu faktor yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan dalam perencanaan perkerasan landasan pacu bandar udara adalah daya dukung tanah dasar yang baik. Daya dukung tanah dasar pada perkerasan struktur landasan pacu menggunakan parameter berupa nilai CBR. Dalam menentukan daya dukung tanah dasar ini, salah satu metode pengujian yang banyak digunakan yaitu dengan metode pengujian CBR lapangan. Metode ini dipilih karena memiliki tingkat keakuratan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode yang lain. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan dan menganalisis nilai CBR tanah dasar pada pembangunan landasan pacu Bandar Udara Siboru melalui pengujian CBR lapangan. Dalam penelitian diambil sampel sepanjang 500 m dengan jumlah titik pengujian sebanyak 10 titik. Metode pengujian yang digunakan mengacu pada ASTM D4229 – 09 dan SNI 1738:2011. Dari hasil penelitian di peroleh nilai CBR tanah dasar terendah sebesar 12,02% dan nilai CBR tertinggi sebesar 24,40%. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis dan evaluasi nilai CBR bahwa tanah dasar memiliki kategori high (A) dengan interval nilai CBR ≥ 13% pada 8 titik pengujian dan kategori medium (B) dengan interval nilai CBR 8% < CBR < 13% pada 2 titik pengujian.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Abstract: The subject of this work is the analysis of the benefits of implementing
intelligent railway traffic management systems with regard to achieving smooth train
operation and, consequently, reducing the train’s traction energy consumption. The
analysis refers to technical solutions used on European railways that enable the
optimization of train traffic. One of the factors allowing such optimization is the shaping of
the train’s speed profile so that the travel time to a signal showing “Stop” is not shorter
than the expected time until the signal changes to allow further travel. As part of this
analysis, traffic simulations were carried out based on the ETR610 ED250-type train
model, for different variants of train speed control and two variants of the preliminary
distance to the signal. The result of the work includes observations on the possibility of
implementing intelligent railway traffic management systems, including a comparison of
possible savings in traction energy consumption.
Keywords: Optimization; Energy consumption; Railway traffic management
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
Adam Poświata, Paweł Pietruszewski, Piotr Włodarski
Abstract: The publication presents the requirements for airport pavements for the assessment of the evenness of airport pavements, including the methodology of testing unevenness. On the basis of the selected aircraft type, the impact of unevenness on the dynamic interaction of the plane - pavement was determined, and the vertical displacements occurring at the edges of concrete slabs were taken for analysis. The paper presents the influence of operational procedures in the form of pavement grooving and local surface repairs on the results of unevenness measurements and improvement of the technical condition of the pavement, as well as on the safety of air operations. Keywords: Pavement unevenness; Evaluation criteria; Dynamic action plane - surface; Grooving pavement; Maintenance treatments; The functional element of the airport
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
Black ice is a thin coating of ice on the road surface, which strongly reduces friction at the tire-road surface, resulting in dangerous driving when it happens. An appropriate diagnostic of black ice could prevent traffic accidents as well as provide timely notice to drivers. Therefore, this study aims at developing a black ice prediction model to diagnose the probability of black ice formation. Several combinations that can form road ice have been considered, including freezing rain, hoar frost, freezing of wet roads. In addition, black ice risky index (BRI) has been computed to reflect the probability of black ice formation. To acquire a fast prediction and high accuracy, the existing Geographical Information System (GIS) database and meteorological data have been utilized. GIS database includes road geometry and location of automatic weather stations, while the meteoritical data consists of air temperature, wind speed, humidity, cloud cover. The model has been developed based on the Python programming language. A 5-km road condition was observed from 1 December to 31 December 2021 to determine the model accuracy. Based on the results from the prediction model, black ice formation has been verified when the BRI is higher than 0.8. The model may be useful to develop black ice diagnostic program.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
El presente artículo muestra el uso de la vinaza de Saccharum officinarum en la estabilización de suelos cohesivos. Estos suelos en mención son aquellos que presentan propiedades de resistencia muy pobres, lo cual impide que el suelo trabaje de una forma adecuada como parte de una subrasante en una vía. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la estabilización de suelos cohesivos con la incorporación de vinaza de Saccharum officinarum. El tipo de investigación es experimental, la técnica utilizada es la observación y ficha de recolección de datos, mediante en la cual se pudo obtener valores de los ensayos realizados en laboratorio con el suelo natural y suelo estabilizado con vinaza de Saccharum officinarum. Los resultados indican que el suelo en estudio son limos y arcillas inorgánicas de baja plasticidad. Con la aplicación de vinaza de Saccharum officinarum se identificó que la densidad del suelo aumenta con los diferentes porcentajes utilizados. Luego al realizar los ensayos de resistencia mecánica del suelo estabilizado se logró incrementar la resistencia respecto a la del suelo natural, siendo el 25% de vinaza de Saccharum officinarum la que obtuvo los valores más altos. La investigación concluye que la incorporación de vinaza de Saccharum officinarum aumenta las propiedades de resistencia de un suelo cohesivo.
Introduction. The changes that are taking place in Ukraine due to the influence of both global and regional factors lead to the fact that airports needs to review the concepts of managing the company’s activities and look for new strategies for functioning on the market.
This article examines the main causes of flight delays that affect the operation of airport services and thus cause uncertainty. The activity of domestic airports is analyzed. The problem of operational planning and management of ground handling of aircraft at the airport is considered. Criteria for the effectiveness of ground handling of aircraft at the airport have been determined.
Problems statement. Aviation transport in Ukraine is one of the main transport elements of the transport and logistics system of the country and the world. But it is also the most expensive mode of transport, which greatly affects the price of transportation. Transportation costs exceed 50%, and their reduction is the main goal of the transportation process. Therefore, for this, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of material and technical resources during the ground handling of aircraft at the airport. That is, regardless of flight delays, readiness to service the aircraft must be ensured by all airport services regardless of deviations from the daily flight schedule.
Purpose. Analysis of the feasibility of optimizing material and technical resources during ground maintenance of aircraft, in order to increase the efficiency of the airport. The object of the study is the largest international airport «Boryspil», which, according to information from analysts, will have an even greater load after the war. The subject of the study is ground handling of aircraft at the airport.
Materials and methods. Statistical analysis of ukrainian airports. Analysis of information sources regarding airline flight delays. Mathematical method of process research.
Results. After studying the statistical data of ukrainian airports, it was concluded that due to the successful geographical location, the flows through them will increase. The main goal of Ukraine’s transport strategy is to integrate Ukraine’s transport complex into the global transport network, which also includes air transport. Therefore, in order to stay afloat and be competitive, it is necessary to introduce and improve the provision of services.
Conclusions. Clearly organized ground handling of aircraft at the airport allows to optimize the use of material and technical resources, increase the number of serviced flights and affects the effective operation of the airport, its capacity.
Introduction. The performance and durability of asphalt pavements are majorly conditioned by the quality of the bituminous binders. One of the main disadvantages of asphalt pavements is the permanent change in their properties in time due to the aging of the binder. Various laboratory methods of aging are used to predict the intensity of changes in the properties of bituminous binders that occur during the asphalt mixing at plants and the lifetime of asphalt concrete in the pavement.
Problem Statement. In Ukraine, with the implementation of European principles of standardization and the transition to harmonized European standards, there is a gradual replacement of the aging method ГОСТ 18180, which has long been used in the domestic road industry, with the world-accepted RTFOT aging method. Due to the different conditions set in these methods of aging, the question of the impact of differences in aging regimes on the properties of bituminous binders, the possibility of comparing the results obtained by these two methods and the interchangeability of methods is topical.
Purpose. The aim of the work is to obtain the influence of the methods of aging adopted in the road industry of Ukraine on the change of properties of road viscous bitumens and bituminous binders, modified with various additives.
Materials and methods. Viscous bitumens and bituminous binders modified with various additives (adhesive additives, polymers, structuring additives) used in the domestic road industry are used as objects of research. For methods of aging the domestic method ГОСТ 18180 (for a long time this method was the only one in Ukraine used for estimation of change of properties of bituminous binders under the influence of technological temperatures and which, under test conditions, is close to the standardized method TFOT), as well as the world’s widespread RTFOT method of aging are used.
Results. Based on the obtained experimental data, it is found that aging by the ГОСТ 18180 method has a slightly greater effect on the change of properties than after aging by the RTFOT method. The least sensitive indicator of aging conditions is the breaking point temperature — the difference between the values of this indicator after aging by different methods is within the convergence of the method. The conditions of the aging method have the greatest effect on the quality of bitumens modified with adhesives. The relatively short heating time of binders in accordance with the conditions of the RTFOT aging method leads to less change in the adhesion of binders to the glass surface, which may contribute to misleading in thermal stability of adhesives.
Conclusions. When revising the domestic standards for technical conditions for bituminous binders, which provide for the replacement of the aging method according to GOST 18180 by the RTFOT method and setting of limits for changing the standard quality of binders after aging, should take into account the slightly lower aging intensity of RTFOT binders. This is especially true for the adhesion requirements of bitumens modified with adhesives.
Gabriel Antonio Rojas Rojas, José Pablo Aguiar Moya, Eliécer Arias Barrantes
et al.
El presente estudio evaluó las propiedades antioxidantes del orujo de uva y si este aportaba algún beneficio al adicionarlo al asfalto. Se modificó asfalto con orujo de uva roja en porcentajes de 1%, 2% y 3% como agente antioxidante. Las muestras preparadas se expusieron a oxidación natural a la intemperie durante 12 semanas. Adicionalmente, las muestras se envejecieron en un horno de radiación ultravioleta (UV) para comparar con el envejecimiento experimentado a la intemperie. El grado de oxidación se estimó a partir de espectroscopía infrarroja, tomándose tres grupos funcionales como parámetros de referencia: índice de carbonilos, índice de dobles enlaces carbono-carbono e índice de sulfóxidos. El asfalto modificado con 3% de orujo tuvo el menor incremento del índice de carbonilos con respecto a los otros asfaltos, indicando que este porcentaje logra retardar la oxidación en comparación con el asfalto sin modificar. Los índices asociados al material colocado en la intemperie resultan ser mayores que los obtenidos en el horno UV, por lo que se concluye que este método aún no simula correctamente la oxidación en la intemperie. Por estos motivos, se recomienda realizar una investigación con porcentajes de orujo mayores al 3% para determinar el efecto del aditivo a mayores concentraciones y realizar modificaciones el método de oxidación con radiación UV en laboratorio.
Zhenhua Dong, Jinquan Zhang, Shoushan Cheng
et al.
The local series system with typical common plate rubber support/pier in highway reinforced concrete girder bridge is the object of the current research. The finite element numerical simulation method is used to study sensitive parameters – the mechanical properties of the series system under the horizontal load. The simulated results show that the interface bonding strength between the bearing and adjacent structure is reduced; the equivalent shear deformation and the horizontal force of bearing under horizontal load change insignificantly with the increase of horizontal displacement. However, the total shear deformation and equivalent shear deformation increase with the increase of the axial compression ratio. In addition, the top horizontal force and displacement of the pier significantly decrease with reduction of the connection strength at both ends of the bearing. Therefore, adjusting the axial compression ratio of the pier and interfacial connection mode can obviously affect the mechanical properties of the support and adjacent structure, even the failure mode of the local structure. This approach can help estimate the mechanical properties of the existing bridge and determine the reasonable maintenance plan.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
The article is devoted to one of main elements of the technology of IT PLATFORMS, i.e. VIRTUAL PROFILING of the underground infrastructure. Implementing of this technology to the wide scale can very much change investment and administrative processes. This section presents information on the technology of SURFACE UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE using VIRTUAL REALITY 3D. This technology is extremely useful for interactive support of investment processes. It can be useful for effective engineering work associated with interactive remote visualization in real mode. Keywords: IT platform; Virtual profiling; Underground infrastructure
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
As year 2021 was announced the year of rail transport, by the decision made by the EU Council and Parliament on 23rd December 2020, the authors of this article present the history of railway development in Europe and in Poland. The directions of changes in transport policy in the last years of previous century and the early years of this century were not positive for the development of railway. Thou, there is an opportunity for this branch of transport to experience a renaissance. In the article some trends of current changes are shown. A year to year increase in traffic congestions as well as the awareness to protect the natural environment cause that this branch of transport has good perspectives of development. The use of modern technology in rolling stock and in passenger transport infrastructure contribute to the increase of speed, reliability and comfort of travelling and what is more regaining the clients. To minimize the negative influence of transport on environment it is crucial to develop cargo transport. Keywords: Railway transport; Train; Railway development
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
Level of Service is a quantitative measure to characterize operational conditions within a traffic stream. There is a set of factors affecting the Level of Service. These factors describe geometric parameters of the road, traffic conditions, traffic regulation conditions and base conditions. In this article, the Level of Service as a criterion for operational quality is described. Level of Service factors and performance measures are described on the basis of Highway Capacity Manual considering verifications done by countries for their own road conditions. German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS) and Highway Capacity Manual are compared for the purpose of possible adaptation for Lithuania.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
The article considers the main types of environmental pollution in the construction of highways. First of all, they are the formation of dust (during the movement of transport, during the transportation of building materials, as well as in a number of technological operations) and the noise effect created by operating machinery. All the factors affecting the ecological situation in the residential area of road construction have been analyzed. The harmful content and elemental composition of fine dust (PM10 and PM2.5) during the construction period was investigated. The main sources of the release of pollutants into the atmosphere during the construction and repair of the motor road were considered namely: construction machinery; dust particles from the surface of the roadbed, sections of the pavement device, storage areas for loose building materials, etc. It is shown that the PM10 and PM2.5 dust concentrations can be considered as random quantities, and approaches to their prediction are also proposed.
Judita Gražulytė, Audrius Vaitkus, Vitalijus Andrejevas
et al.
In cold regions and areas where there is a huge difference between high and low temperatures asphalt pavements are subject to low temperature cracking. The appeared cracks form pavement discontinuities, through which water penetrates into pavement structure. It reduces the bearing capacity of the whole pavement structure, weakens adhesion between bitumen and aggregate, affects bonding between layers and increases the development of frost heaves. A sealing of cracks deals with these issues. However, additional inspections after each winter have to be carried out to identify both cracks that have newly appeared and cracks that need to be resealed. These activities significantly increase road maintenance cost. Selection of the appropriate asphalt mixture by its performance at low temperatures reduces or even prevents low temperature cracking of asphalt pavements. A number of methods such as the Indirect Tensile Test, the Bending Beam Rheometer Test, the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test, Asphalt Thermal Cracking Analyser, the Single-Edge-Notched Beam Test, the Disc-Shaped Compact Tension Test, the Semi-Circular Bend Test, the Fenix Test, Asphalt Concrete Cracking Device and Spectral Analysis of Acoustic Emission are developed to evaluate asphalt mixture resistance to low temperature cracking. This paper presents an analysis of these tests, emphasizes their advantages and disadvantages and gives limiting criteria to evaluate asphalt mixture resistance to low temperature cracking. The test advantages and disadvantages are deciding factors in a test selection. Some tests such as the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test and Spectral Analysis of acoustic emission can directly reveal the lowest temperature at which asphalt mixture can withstand induced thermal stresses.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Bridge engineering
Kecepatan kendaraan dan kapasitas jalan di perkotaan akan dipengaruhi oleh hambatan samping (side friction factor). Faktor hambatan samping berupa : kendaraan tak bermotor, bis kota yang berhenti, pejalan kaki, mobil berhenti atau parkir, kendaraan keluar masuk dari jalan-jalan kecil yang bergabung ke jalan studi. Dalam menganalisa kinerja ruas jalan dengan menggunakan MKJI 1997, ditinjau dari selisih derajat kejenuhan pada kondisi existing terhadap salah satu faktor hambatan samping yang dihilangkan, menunjukkan nilai yang sama yaitu sebesar 0,02. Berdasarkan hasil analisis matematis dan analisis kinerja ruas jalan pada beberapa kondisi skenario, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa yang paling efektif dilaksanakan adalah kondisi Jalan Kaharuddin Nasution Km 5 tanpa mobil keluar jalan dan tanpa mobil berhenti. Dimana kendaraan selain sepeda motor dari sisi sisi Jalan Kaharuddin Nasution Km 5 dilarang masuk ke dalam Jalan Unggas Km 5, perlu adanya rambu dilarang parkir pada badan jalan khusus untuk mobil, dengan jalan alternatif lokasi parkir pada jalan yang terdapat disisi Jalan Kaharuddin Nasution Km 5 Pekanbaru. Dari hasil perhitungan kecepatan rerata menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan rerata hasil perhitungan MKJI 1997 terlalu tinggi dari kondisi sesungguhnya di lapangan yaitu 18,98 km/jam, sedangkan kecepatan rerata hasil model lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan kecepatan rerata hasil perhitungan MKJI 1997 yaitu sebesar 1,90 km/jam. Parkir dan kendaraan berhenti di badan jalan merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap hambatan samping, sehingga faktor tersebut sebaiknya diperhitungkan dalam MKJI.
Highway engineering. Roads and pavements, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)