Hasil untuk "Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade"

Yu Zhang, Sufang Zhang

Tripti Kunj, Kirti Pal

The rapid expansion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has initiated significant advancements in charging infrastructure to support sustainable transportation. This paper reviews the role and integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart EV Charging Management, highlighting how IoT technology enhances operational efficiency, energy management, and user experience. Drawing on real-world implementations such as Tesla’s predictive maintenance systems, Enel X’s JuiceNet for smart charging, and Nissan Leaf’s Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capabilities, the paper discusses IoT applications in areas including real-time monitoring, energy optimization, predictive maintenance, and user-centric services. These integrations demonstrate measurable benefits such as improved battery health monitoring, reduced charging downtime, and enhanced grid interaction. Furthermore, the synergy between IoT and renewable energy sources, such as solar power, is explored as a pathway to further optimize charging efficiency and minimize environmental impact. Despite the benefits, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, interoperability barriers, and the lack of communication protocol standardization are also identified. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of adaptive algorithms and machine learning models for predictive maintenance and efficient resource allocation. This review serves as a key reference for policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders aiming to develop resilient and intelligent EV charging ecosystems, contributing to a more connected and sustainable electric mobility future.

Yongchang ZHU, Xiaofeng ZHANG, Zhenghong CHEN et al.

[Objective] Clean and low-carbon production is the core target of a system for new energy sources, and which construction is an important measure to realize the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Meteorological factors and disasters have great impacts on the stable and safe operation of the power grid. It is necessary to build a high-quality meteorological service system according to the needs of the construction of a system for new energy sources. [Method] In this paper, literature and policy research and expert consultation methods were adopted. Based on the analysis of the relevant policie measures of a system for new energy sources, the future development direction of the energy meteorological service was studied, and the development proposals of the meteorological service system for the construction of a system for new energy sources were put forward. [Result] The research shows that service departments at various levels of China Meteorological Administration have deliverd energy meteorological services in wind power, solar power, hydropower, nuclear power, power grid operation, energy consumption etc. The construction of a system for new energy sources puts forward new requirements for meteorological service, such as optimizing the overall layout of meteorological service support for the construction of clean energy bases, strengthening the accuracy of power generation forecast and climate prediction services, and carrying out meteorological service support for various scenarios such as the construction of new energy infrastructure, power generation, storage, transmission and consumption. [Conclusion] According to the requirements of a system for new energy sources construction, proposals are put forward from aspects such as optimizing the layout of meteorological services, improving service support capabilities, strengthening talent and cooperation mechanisms.

Nan Shang, Chao Guo, Zheng Chen et al.

Abstract Ancillary services are crucial for supporting the reliable operation of power systems and constitute an integral part of the power market. The increasing integration of volatile renewable energy sources has introduced new challenges into China's traditional ancillary service markets, such as escalating ancillary service costs. Historically, the ancillary service cost‐sharing approach in China has been a redistribution of revenue among generators, resulting in increasing cost‐sharing pressure on the supply side. Therefore, based on the basic market logic of ‘who causes the demand, who pays,’ sharing the ancillary service costs with power consumers becomes urgent. This paper presents an overview of the latest research and practical experiences in China and other countries, and proposes an ancillary service cost allocation mechanism considering the participation of consumers. First, the ancillary service cost allocation mechanisms in China and other countries are summarized, including common rules and individual characteristics. Subsequently, a framework for the rights and responsibilities associated with ancillary services is systematically outlined from a market design perspective. Moreover, an ancillary service cost allocation mechanism was introduced based on the principle of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR).’ Finally, the construction path of the ancillary service cost allocation mechanism under the new round of power industry reforms was proposed. The findings summarized in this study can promote the reasonable allocation of ancillary service costs and improve the flexibility of power systems and the consumption of renewable energy.

Treerat Vacharanukrauh, Apinan Soottitantawat, Nuttha Thongchul et al.

Bioethanol plays a crucial role in the global transition to sustainability, serving as a renewable fuel especially in the transportation sector, and a versatile renewable chemical precursor in industries, mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although bioethanol is renewable, its production is still carbon-intensive, with most emissions arising from fermentation and cogeneration. Despite significant advancements, existing works on bioethanol have largely focused on individual decarbonization elements (e.g., CCU, CCS in bioenergy, and process intensification in ethanol production). Few studies link these strategies together to show how they could collectively move bioethanol toward carbon-negative production. This review aims to fill that gap by systematically analyzing the evolution of bioethanol production processes, identifying key sources of CO2 emissions, and critically evaluating state-of-the-art strategies—including process optimization, CCU, and CCS—within a unified framework. Overall, this review underscores that integrating process optimization, CCU, and CCS can transform bioethanol production from a low-carbon fuel into a negative-emission technology, reinforcing its pivotal role in global decarbonization efforts.

Fayyaz Ahmad, Nabila Abid, Junaid Aftab et al.

Addressing the urgent challenge of climate change is a paramount global concern, with European economies showcasing commitment through the ambitious European Green Deal, COP, and sustainable development goals. However, the region's reliance on fossil fuels raises questions about the initiatives affecting the environmental neutrality goals in Europe. To find an answer to this, the present study investigates the impact of energy intensity and environmental tax revenues on environmental management efforts in terms of air, water, and waste pollution abatement in Europe by utilizing data spanning 1994 to 2020 for major European economies that held over 95 % of European economic output. The sample is grouped into two panels based on economic growth level. The study employs advanced econometric techniques to perform the preliminary checks, and GMM-PVR is used as the main study model. Aggregate panel findings reveal significant associations between energy intensity, environmental tax revenues, and environmental management. Notably, higher energy intensity is positively linked to increased environmental management activities, reflecting a commitment to address abatement goals and indicating funds are allocated toward pollution mitigation, aligning with Europe's emphasis on sustainability. Foreign direct investment has a negative relationship with environmental management. However, in Panel A, environmental tax revenues, economic growth, and trade openness reveal a negative impact on environmental management, suggesting that intense economic activities surpass the environmental tax revenue efforts to abate pollution, unlike Panel B, which is effective in pollution reduction. The study's policy implications stress enhancing the energy efficiency of economic giants while simultaneously strengthening mechanisms for utilizing environmental tax revenues and reinforcing environmental regulations to align foreign direct investment with sustainable practices. International collaboration is essential to ensure trade relations align with environmental goals, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change.

Zeming Chen, Zhigang Li, Huajian Li et al.

Abstract State estimation plays an important role in the monitoring and control of integrated electric–gas systems (IEGSs), but it faces limitations due to insufficient measurement configurations and low data redundancy in these systems; additional measurement configurations are needed to increase the overall system observability. Owing to the lack of suitable observability analysis methods, optimal measurement configurations for IEGSs remain underexplored. This paper presents an IEGS observability analysis method that incorporates gas flow dynamics via the Lie derivative. This method incorporates the complex topological structure of the gas network and the dynamic process of gas flow into the IEGS observability analysis. Furthermore, the measurement configuration problem for IEGSs considering gas flow dynamics is formulated as a rank‐constrained optimization problem. To handle the rank constraints effectively, an iterative cutting method is developed with convergence guarantees. Finally, the efficacy and practicality of the proposed methods are validated through case studies of varying scales. The proposed optimal measurement configuration model reduces measurement configuration costs while maintaining system observability.

Zhichun Yu, Youngjun Choi

As an important factor endowment, environmental rules have a non-negligible impact on trade flows and patterns. Regarding the existing two completely different debates, this study uses simultaneous equations and the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to assess the interaction and spatial spillover effects of environmental rules and global value chains (GVCs), the aim is to determine whether the impact of environmental rules on GVCs is biased towards “technological effects” or “Refuge effect”. The research findings reveal: (1) When the environmental rules are strengthened by 1 %, the forward participation of GVCs in developed countries decreases by 0.2930 % and the backward participation of GVCs increases by 1.4327 %. This reveals that stricter environmental rules result in GVCs participation bias towards the “refuge effect” in developed countries. (2) When environmental rules are strengthened by 5 % and 1 %, respectively, the GVC forward and backward participation of developing countries decreases by 0.0477 % and 0.5113 %, respectively, which means that when the environmental rules become stricter, both the forward and backward participation of GVCs in developing countries are biased towards the “refuge effect”. (3) Concerning the spillover effects of environmental regulations on participation in GVCs, stricter environmental regulations in developed countries impede their own forward participation in GVCs but promote their backward participation, with insignificant indirect effects. Additionally, stringent environmental regulations in developing countries impede their own forward participation in GVCs and similarly do not contribute to the enhancement of forward participation in neighboring developing countries. Therefore, this study suggests that developed countries can transfer green technology to developing countries through technology transfer agreements to promote mutual development. Moreover, developing countries actively adjust their industrial structure, increase investment in technology R&D, and cooperate with other countries and regions, which will help countries learn from best practices and coordinate their responses to common environmental challenges.

Gopal Tiwari, Shikha Singh, Yashwant Singh

This paper  presents an analytical expression for the temperatures of the plant, room air, and solar cell, as well as the electrical efficiency, for a photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) roof façade of a greenhouse integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system. The expression considers climatic variables such as solar intensity and ambient air temperature, as well as design parameters such as the area of the PV module, electrical efficiency under standard test conditions (STC), temperature coefficient, and various heat transfer coefficients. Using monthly numerical computations for different parameters in Indian climatic conditions, this study evaluates energy matrices such as energy payback time (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF), and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) for various solar cell materials, including single-crystalline (c-Si), multi-crystalline (mc-Si), amorphous (a-Si), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe), with and without thermal exergy. Considering that the life span of greenhouse materials varies from 5-30 years for low cost, medium, and high-tech greenhouses, different solar cell materials are recommended for different life spans of GiSPVT. Therefore, this study recommends suitable solar cell materials for known greenhousedesigns:(a) The EPBT and (LCCE considering thermal exergy for c-Si/mc-Si range from approximately 3.5 to 4.5 years and 13 to 22%, respectively. Consequently, these values render crystalline silicon solar cells highly fitting for application in high-tech greenhouses with a comparable lifespan.(b) For the CIGS, the EPBT is 1.17 years with an associated LCCE (including thermal exergy) of 16.44%. This establishes CIGS as particularly well-suited for deployment in cost-effective greenhouse environments designs:(a)  EPBT and LCCE for c-Si/ mc-Si are about 3.5 to 4.5 years and 13 to 22%, respectively, with respect to thermal exergy. Hence, these two solar cell materials are most suitable for high-tech greenhouses that are similar to crystalline solar cell in terms of life cycle. (b)  EPBT and LCCE of CIGS are 1.17 years and 16.44%, respectively, with respect to thermal exergy. Hence, the solar cell material of CIGS is most suitable for low-cost greenhouses.

Karlo Špelić, Mario Panjičko, Gregor Drago Zupančić et al.

Abstract In response to the EU's REPowerEU initiative (COM (2022) 108) which encourages an increase in biogas production by 20% in member states by 2030 to boost energy independence, it has become essential to identify sustainable alternatives to traditional feedstocks for biogas production, especially in the EU Member states where there is still high dependence on corn silage as the main raw material in biogas plants. While corn silage, predominantly used in the European biogas plants today, serves primarily for the livestock sector, alternative sources need to be explored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of Arundo donax, a perennial energy crop, as an alternative feedstock in a continuous anaerobic process. The biogas yield and its quality, characterized by CH4, CO2, H2S and O2 content, were determined during a continuous process with A. donax, compared with two mixed feedstocks of A. donax and corn silage over a 5‐month period in a continuous anaerobic digestion process. The results revealed that A. donax exhibits a biogas yield and methane content comparable to corn silage, indicating its potential as a viable and sustainable alternative feedstock for biogas production.

Xudong Ma, Yuting Wu, Yanjun Du et al.

Abstract Steam generating heat pump (SGHP) is a key technology for industrial decarbonization. For comprehensive evaluation of the feasibility and reliability of SGHP in different industrial sector, the work develops a thorough evaluation model for assessing the performance of SGHP by considering waste heat recovery, CO2 trading value, and pollutant emission cost, in addition to the conventional evaluation criteria. This work presents a thorough comparison of the thermodynamic performance and sustainability of various types of SGHPs across different industrial sector. Additionally, the conflicting relationships between the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy efficiency are balanced through the application of the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results show that all the indexes of SGHP connected to an open heat pump (SGHPO) with different application scenarios are higher than those of SGHP connected to a flash tank (SGHPF). At the most unfavorable operating condition of the system, the COP minimum value is 1.31 and the exergy efficiency minimum value is 20.42%. These results indicate that replacing the coal-fired boiler with SGHP is feasible and the work could provide theoretical guidance for optimal design and equipment manufacture.

Kun Yang, Zhihui Zhao, Anan Zhang et al.

Abstract The use of natural gas pipeline networks to transmit hydrogen energy is an important form of hydrogen energy utilisation. The coupling of hydrogen‐enriched natural gas pipeline network and power grid involves the energy conversion of electricity‐hydrogen‐electricity, so the assessment is crucial because the system is complex, and the hazards to the system can be identified. This paper proposes a risk assessment method for gas‐electric coupling of hydrogen‐enriched natural gas pipeline networks and a three‐stage risk assessment model to assess the life cycle risk of natural gas pipelines; a material energy‐based risk transfer model considering gas‐electric coupling is proposed to describe the risk transfer process of hydrogen‐enriched natural gas between the gas network and the grid. By comparing and analysing the risk of natural gas blending ratio to the pipeline and the risk of pipeline pressure to the pipeline, the validity of the model is verified, which provides safety support for the connection of the natural gas pipeline system to the grid and ensures the efficient use of hydrogen energy.

Ameni Boumaiza

The rise of prosumers – individuals who both produce and consume energy – presents a significant opportunity to reshape energy markets and achieve carbon neutrality. However, current energy trading models struggle to effectively track emissions and incentivize sustainable consumption behaviors. This study introduces a novel, blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) platform for trading carbon allowances, designed to empower prosumers and revolutionize energy consumption patterns. Utilizing blockchain technology, the platform enables direct, transparent, and secure transactions between prosumers, creating a decentralized market where they can set their own prices for carbon allowances. This dynamic and competitive environment empowers prosumers to take control of their energy consumption and incentivizes the adoption of sustainable practices. The platform also incorporates a decentralized reward system targeting specific consumption habits, promoting behaviors that reduce carbon emissions. Empirical evidence and theoretical justification within the study highlight the platform’s potential to transform energy consumption patterns. The transparent and verifiable nature of blockchain technology addresses the limitations of existing centralized and aggregator-based trading methods. The proposed platform provides a robust framework for tracking carbon emissions, promoting sustainable consumption, and empowering prosumers to actively participate in the energy transition. This innovative solution addresses the challenges faced by prosumers in the energy market, paving the way for a more sustainable and equitable future.

Hongna Qiao, Xiaohui Yu, Weiqiang Kong et al.

Energy storage is a crucial solution for the intermittency and instability of renewable energy. Carnot batteries, a novel electrical energy storage technology, promise to address the challenges of renewable electrical energy storage worldwide. Rankine-based Carnot batteries, which are geographically unconstrained and effectively store energy at low temperatures, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this study, a mathematical model was developed, and a multi-objective optimization with power-to-power-efficiency, exergy efficiency, and levelized cost of storage was performed. Moreover, the investment cost and exergy loss of the optimized system components were investigated in detail and analyzed. The results showed that the optimal power-to-power-efficiency, exergy efficiency, and levelized cost of the storage system can be achieved at 60.3%, 33%, and 0.373 $/kWh based on single-objective optimization, and the operating parameters of the proposed system are different. Therefore, there is a strong trade-off relationship between the three objective functions mentioned above. Under the same weighting for the two approaches, they are 25.8%, 23%, and 0.437 $/kWh, and 39.3%, 29.1%, and 0.549 $/kWh, respectively. Furthermore, this study observed that the exergy destruction in the charge mode was nearly 95 kW larger than that in the discharge mode, and the exergy destruction of the throttle valve was the largest at 95.83 kW, accounting for 28.32%. The expander was the component with the highest cost (35.84% of the total cost) in the proposed system, followed by the compressor.

Zehua PAN, Bo LIU, Donghua LIU

[Introduction] The spudcan foundation is the key structure of the mobile jack-up platform, which displaces surrounding soil during its penetrating installation. In order to ensure the safety in the application of mobile jack-up platform to the offshore wind power installation works, it is particularly important to research the evolution of surrounding soil flow mechanism during spudcan penetration, and to evaluate the penetration resistance of spudcan reliably. [Method] The coupling Euler-Lagrange (CEL) method was used in this research to simualte the process of spudcan penetration under several typical seabed geological conditions (homogeneous and heterogeneous clay, sand, "clay-sand-clay" and "clay (hard)-sand (soft) and clay (hard)"), and to analyze the differences of penetration mechanisms. [Result] The simulation results show that in the process of spudcan penetration, the soil flow mechanism and penetration resistance of spudcan are closely related to the strength characteristics of seabed soil, while the friction coefficient of the interface between spudcan and seabed soil has little effect on the penetration mechanism and resistance. [Conclusion] From comparision with the results calculated in accordance current design specifications, the method combining large deformation finite element analysis and industry code design should be recommended to be applied in engineering design practice, as to provide a better basis for the assessment of punch-through risk and the prediction of penetrating depth in the process of spudcan penetration.

Chang Liu, Yan Xu

David Bonilla, Héctor Arias Soberon, Oscar Ugarteche Galarza

Rohan Best, Kompal Sinha

Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Kiman Silas, Mohammed Modu Aji et al.

Kinetic study of microorganism’s growth in chicken manure (CM) when producing biogas is often studied for scale-up purposes. CM are considered as waste, and can cause serious environmental consequences when not properly disposed. The objective of the study is to know the characteristics of the bioreactor condition or environment responsible for CM degradation and biogas production. Methods involves serial dilution, pour plating, cell count and the determination of Monod parameters. POLYMATH regression results shows that CM of particle density 0.0163 g/cm3 gives a maximum specific growth rate, ?_max of 0.007316 hr^(-1) and half saturation constant, K_s of 3.8×?10?^8mg/l which points to substrate sufficiency for the survival of microorganisms and biogas production.

Halima Jibril, Kausik Chaudhuri, Kamiar Mohaddes