Hasil untuk "Economic growth, development, planning"

G. H. Hadorn, Holger Hoffmann-Riem, S. Biber-Klemm et al.

Suhua Tian, Qin Xiong

This paper empirically examine the causal effect and mechanisms of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on pollution emissions. Employing the difference-in-differences (DID) alongside various heterogeneity robust estimation methods based on a series of firm-level data, our findings indicate that OFDI significantly reduces firms' chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions. Moreover, it increases total output while reducing COD emission intensity. The mechanism analysis suggests that firms primarily attain emission reductions through reverse technology spillovers stemming from OFDI in host countries with more stringent environmental regulations. Additionally, such reductions are facilitated by improvements along both the intensive and extensive margins of exports.

Asma Mehan

This paper investigates the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ì framework, addressing preservation, sustainability, and community development challenges. Often neglected or underutilized, industrial heritage sites hold significant potential for transformation into vibrant spaces that address social, economic, and environmental needs. This study presents a multi-scalar methodology integrating participatory planning, design innovation, and resilience thinking. Structured in five main sections – including a literature review, theoretical positioning, methodological framework, empirical case studies, and a synthesis – the paper aligns its contributions with SDGs 3, 4, 5, and 11. The outcomes demonstrate that adaptive reuse can become a catalytic mechanism for sustainable urban growth, equitable community engagement, and reinforced cultural identity. Through critical analysis of literature, policy, and community-based design practices, the paper contributes an actionable framework for repurposing post-industrial landscapes in the post-2030 sustainability era.   Article info Received: 26/03/2025; Revised: 18/04/2025; Accepted: 02/05/2025

Francesca Fortuna, Alessia Naccarato, Luca Salvati

Abiodun Samuel Isayomi, Olumide Olumuyiwa Omodunbi, Akin George Ogunleye et al.

The inhuman socioeconomic repercussions of corruption and bad governance inherent in successive male-dominated governments have generated agitation for increased women’s participation in governance. Primarily, this agitation is based on the premise that women are less inclined to corruption, which is a major impediment to good governance. Given the notoriety of these two impediments to development, this study aims to investigate the relationship between women’s participation in governance, corruption, and quality of governance in sub-Saharan Africa from 1996 to 2021. This study analyzed annual panel data of four sub-Saharan African countries using the autoregressive distributed lag model and the Granger causality test. Governance quality was proxied by government effectiveness, while women’s participation in governance and corruption were proxied by the number of women in government positions and control of corruption, respectively. Economic development and institutional quality were used as control variables. The findings revealed negative main and interaction effects of women’s participation in governance and corruption on governance quality, unidirectional causality from corruption to women’s participation in governance and from governance quality to women’s participation in governance, and bidirectional causality between corruption and governance quality. Quantitative increases in women’s participation in governance and corruption exacerbates governance quality. Women’s ability to participate in governance is determined by the prevalence of corruption in previous years. Anticorruption campaigns that focused on women’s participation in governance often result in reductions in corruption insufficient for improvement of governance quality. Corruption and bad governance are mutually reinforcing. Governance quality determines women’s participation in governance. To minimize corruption and bad governance, sub-Saharan African countries should shift their focus away from merely increasing the number of women in government positions to building strong institutions capable of creating a meritocratic political and socioeconomic environment in which selfless women and men have equal chances of being elected or appointed to public offices.

Olivier Sykes

This issue of Transactions of AESOP brings together papers that address key contemporary planning themes and agendas with a particular emphasis on appreciating the importance of time and space in shaping the substantive matters planning addresses and the manner in which it responds to these.

Rey Cesar Olorvida, Rey Ann Bande, Dennis Ngalot et al.

Due to the global problem of electronic wastes (e-wastes), the concept of a circular economy is deemed a viable framework for achieving minimal resource extraction and waste generation. Despite the advances in the literature on managing the circularity of e-wastes, the consumption aspect needs much attention. Although some barriers to the consumption of recovered e-wastes, such as refurbished mobile phones, were already identified, an overarching evaluation of these barriers remains a gap. Thus, this work evaluates these relevant barriers by considering their internal strengths (or priorities) and the intertwined relationships between them under uncertainty. In achieving this agenda, three phases of the methodology were implemented: (1) performing a systematic literature review of the barriers, (2) finalizing the list of barriers following a focus group discussion, and (3) evaluating the barriers using a soft system model. The intricacies of the evaluation process prompt the development of a proposed integration of grey system theory and the weighted influence non-linear gauge systems (WINGS), coined grey WINGS. Findings from a case study in the Philippines reveal that negative perception, inferior quality, the misconception of the refurbishment concept, technological obsolescence, and lack of awareness are the critical barriers to the consumption of refurbished mobile phones. Discussions behind these barriers in view of consumer decisions were offered. Also, some policy insights were outlined to overcome these barriers. In effect, this work contributes twofold to the literature: (1) evaluating the barriers to the consumption of refurbished mobile phones to help design circularity initiatives, and (2) methodologically, integrating grey system theory within the framework of the WINGS method to address uncertainty in judgment elicitations.

Marianna Stehnei, Inna Irtyshcheva, Halyna Mykhalchynets

The subject of the study is the process of destabilization of the financial market of Ukraine in modern conditions. Methodology. The research used general scientific methods, in particular: theoretical generalization, methods of positive and normative analysis, and statistical analysis. The goal is to assess the processes of destabilization of the financial market of Ukraine in modern conditions. Research conclusion. For the formation of command information oriented to the production of effects in current conditions, it is necessary to provide in mathematical logic: 1) a comprehensive study of static (permanent) characteristics of the financial market as a hierarchically ordered combinatorial system; 2) research of existing trends in the development of the financial market of Ukraine according to the elements of its combinatorial structure; 3) specification of critical problems and obstacles to the development of the financial market (according to the elements of its combinatorial structure), which may negatively affect the performance of the financial market. The financial market of Ukraine is a complex structure characterized by constant structural changes. Currently, the financial market of Ukraine is characterized by somewhat contradictory trends of its development, taking place against the background of increasing stochasticity of its environment. Naturally, it is necessary to create opportunities to estimate and forecast the flows of financial resources and changes in the financial market associated with these flows by building a complex of models that provide 1) forecasting possible behavioral reactions of the integrated performance of the financial market on the basis of existing trends in changes in the value characteristics of assets under the influence of various influencing factors in stochastic models; 2) step-by-step descriptive-numerical representation of data in dynamic programming models to identify possible changes in the structure of the financial market. It is this content of the models that is important because it not only determines the possible directions of strengthening, vulnerability and destabilization of the financial market, such a model basis increases the scientific validity of the developed strategic priorities aimed at preventing destabilization processes on the efficiency of the financial market in the future.

Ariel Coremberg

Una de las características singulares de la trayectoria decepcionante del crecimiento de la economía argentina ha sido sus frecuentes crisis de balanza de pagos. La capacidad de exportación resulta clave para lograr un crecimiento vigoroso con sostenibilidad externa. Dado el fracaso económico argentino, la comparación con Australia resulta emblemática dadas sus características comunes de “asentamiento reciente”, clima templado, relativa abundancia de tierra y escasez de mano de obra e inmigración europea. A pesar del notable deseo de alcanzar el status de desarrollo de Australia por parte de la sociedad argentina, la literatura económica no ha cuantificado cual debería ser el crecimiento requerido a futuro para igualar el nivel de vida de Australia en conjunto con el crecimiento del volumen de exportaciones necesario para evitar las típicas crisis argentinas de “stop and go”. El paper demuestra que, si Argentina se plantea crecer como Australia a largo plazo sin crisis de balance de pagos, debería duplicar el crecimiento de su PBI per cápita respecto de su tendencia histórica, así como cuadruplicar el dinamismo del volumen de exportaciones respecto del último periodo de crecimiento del auge de commodities. Ello no resulta imposible, si se toma en cuenta que una cifra similar se alcanzó durante el ciclo de crecimiento de la década de 1990, aun sin aporte del efecto precio. Los diversos escenarios de elasticidad de importaciones aún más exigentes, así como converger al nivel de vida de Australia en una generación, implican la necesidad de multiplicar aún más el dinamismo del crecimiento y del volumen de exportaciones. Sin esperar que los vientos de cola de la soja o la magia de vaca muerta nos salve, una estrategia de desarrollo debe contemplar que el esfuerzo exportador deberá provenir necesariamente de las cantidades: productividad, inversión, conocimiento y capital humano son los factores productivos que permiten incrementar la competitividad de sus exportaciones así como una estrategia de inserción internacional que contemple socios comerciales, y aproveche las cambiantes oportunidades del comercio internacional. Código JEL: O10, O40, E01, F10 Palabras clave: Desarrollo, Crecimiento, Exportaciones, Crisis de Balanza Pagos

H. Long, Yan-sui Liu, Xiuqin Wu et al.

Tuesday Reitano

La economía de las drogas ilícitas ha surgido como un factor preponderante de agravamiento de la violencia, de obstaculización de las negociaciones de paz y de corrupción de la transición de la guerra a la paz. Las cadenas de narcotráfico se extienden a través de continentes enteros, consolidándose a menudo en Estados frágiles y en situación de conflicto en los cuales los agentes violentos pueden sacar provecho de un “paradigma de gobernanza violenta” para afianzar su influencia económica, política y social. Se ha comprobado que lo anterior, combinado con el sistema internacional de detección y represión existente en materia de estupefacientes, tiene consecuencias adversas en la resolución de los conflictos, así como en las trayectorias de desarrollo de largo plazo de aquellas personas cuyas fuentes de ingresos dependen de la economía de las drogas. Si bien se justificaría la aplicación de una estrategia de reducción de los efectos negativos, se requiere que los encargados de las políticas sobre drogas demuestren ser capaces de proponer alternativas válidas que trasciendan la fase de cultivo y que se dirijan a agentes situados más adelante en la cadena de oferta de drogas.

Sadaf MAJEED*, Syed Faizan IFTIKHAR**, Zeeshan ATIQ***

This study analyzes the real impact of enterprise credit and household credit separately on economic growth for a selected group of 36 developed and developing countries. Since most of the available literature on growth and finance show contrast in the economic theory and does not distinguish between the household credit and enterprise credit when it measures the relationship between credit growth and economic growth respectively. The unbalanced panel data for the group of 36 countries is used over the period 2000–2016. The empirical results show that by using the full sample, enterprise credit is positively associated with economic growth but household credit tends to hamper the economic growth. However, individual analysis of developed and developing countries shows that the financial sector provide considerable growth to support its role in terms of credit to enterprise in developing countries. In contrast, the enterprise credit seems to have no role in promoting economic growth of the developed economies, which may be due to their financial crisis. However, investment is quite significant for both developed and developing countries, which indicate that investment has the potential to accelerate economic growth. The evidence also suggest that a more sophisticated enterprise credit policy should be designed in both developed and developing countries to promote economic growth in the long-run.

ژاله کورکی نژاد, ابوالفضل محمودی, محسن شوکت فدایی et al.

عملکرد محصول پسته در استان کرمان، به‌عنوان قطب اصلی تولید پسته در ایران، نسبت به کشورهای رقیب مانند آمریکا بسیار پایین است. بر همین اساس، در این مطالعه، وضعیت تولیدی تعدادی از کشاورزان پسته­کار شهرستان سیرجان (دارای رتبة دوم تولید در استان کرمان) بررسی شد. اطلاعات لازم به دلیل مسئله سال‏آوری پسته، به‌صورت میانگین سال‌های 1393 و 1394 بوده است. تأکید این مطالعه بر نقش سرمایة اجتماعی به‌عنوان ابزار نرم‌افزاری افزایش کارایی و بهره‌وری است. طبق یافته‌های تحقیق، متوسط کارایی فنی در حضور سرمایة اجتماعی 69/0 اندازه‌گیری شد. به‌علاوه، براساس نتایج الگوی توبیت، متغیرهای تجربه، شرکت در کلاس‌های آموزشی، اندازة باغ، آب، میزان محصول و سرمایة اجتماعی بر کارایی تأثیر معنی‌داری دارند. همچنین برای درک تأثیر سرمایه‏گذاری در سرمایة اجتماعی در بین کشاورزان، شاخص بهره‌وری لوئن برگر بر مبنای تابع مسافت جهت‌دار محاسبه شد که رشد 5/12 درصدی داشته است. طبق نتایج، باید کشاورزان و متولیان بخش کشاورزی برای بهبود وضعیت کشاورزان در ارتقای ابعاد گوناگون سرمایة اجتماعی تلاش کنند.

B. Paul, C. Vogl

H. Le, Carl S. Smith, J. Herbohn et al.

Rural communities in many parts of the tropics are dependent of forests for their livelihoods and for environmental services. Forest resources in the tropics have declined rapidly over the past century and therefore many developing countries in the tropics have reforestation programs. Although reforestation is a long-term process with long-term benefits, existing evaluations of the success of these programs tends to focus on short-term establishment success indicators. This paper presents a review of reforestation assessment that highlights the need to not only consider short-term establishment success, but also longer-term growth and maturation success, environmental success and socio-economic success. In addition, we argue that reforestation assessment should not be based on success indicators alone, but should incorporate the drivers of success, which encompasses an array of biophysical, socio-economic, institutional and project characteristics. This is needed in order to understand the reasons why reforestation projects succeed or fail and therefore to design more successful projects in future. The paper presents a conceptual model for reforestation success assessment that links key groups of success indicators and drivers. This conceptual model provides the basis for a more comprehensive evaluation of reforestation success and the basis for the development of predictive systems-based assessment models. These models will be needed to better guide reforestation project planning and policy design and therefore assist rural communities in tropical developing countries to alleviate poverty and achieve a better quality of life.

Eva Grmanová, Ryszard Pukala

Research background: The insurance market is an important part of the financial system. The international concept of insurance operations brings certainty and helps to balance the economic results. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to compare  the efficiency of life insurance of commercial insurance companies in the Czech Republic and Poland using the Data Envelopment Analysis model (DEA). Methods: The methods used in the paper are descriptive statistics, DEA model and Tobit regression model. DEA models are nonparametric quantitative models for efficiency assessment. They use linear programming to transform multiple inputs into multiple outputs. The efficiency of the subjects analyzed is assessed based on the efficiency scores.  Findings & Value added: The subject of our analysis was 17 commercial insurance companies in the Czech Republic and 26 commercial insurance companies in Poland. Ten insurance companies were efficient on the common Czech-Polish insurance market. The share of efficient insurance companies was approximately equal. The arithmetic mean of the efficiency scores was higher in Poland than in the Czech Republic. The variability of the efficiency scores of Czech insurance companies was greater than the variability of the efficiency scores of Polish insurance companies. The  correlations with efficiency score as the dependent variable and with market share as the independent variable of Tobit regression were very low.

Dirk Fornahl, R. Hassink, Max-Peter Menzel

J. Mensah

Supardi Supardi

Usaha peningkatan kualitas lulusan perguruan tinggi negari (PT) maupun perguruan tinggi swasta (PTS), pada PELITA VI ini selalu menjadi topik yang menarik untuk dibincangkan. Hal ini wajar karena menghadapi pembangunan jangka panjang tahap kedua (PJPT II) ini penekanan pendidikan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia (SDM) pada tuntutan peningkatan kualitas manusia dan masyarakatnya.

Achmad Tohirin, Mohd Adib Ismail

This study examines the presence of financial constraints and explores the role of profit-loss sharing (PLS) in mitigating the problem of the financial constraints stemmed from the capital market imperfections. Using Malaysian listed companies’ data, this study finds that the financial constraints are present in the capital market. This finding implies the imperfect capital market. In Islamic PLS framework, there are two options of financing contracts that may be enforced in the capital market as financing mechanisms, i.e. al-musharakah and al-mudharabah. These schemes promote sharing of information and mutual trust between financiers and ‘borrowers’. In these contracts, there are strict terms and conditions to be adhered to by both parties so that the contracts pursue to be valid. Besides, PLS mechanism may reduce the cost of capital since the profit and loss are shared rather than be burdened only on one shoulder. In this regard, the imperfect market problems namely asymmetric information, agency problem and transaction cost can be reduced if not be overcome.