Giuseppe Cota, Gaetano Scaramozzino, Marco Chiesa
et al.
Background: Dental radiographs are essential for diagnosis and treatment planning in modern dentistry. However, their manual interpretation is time-consuming and subject to variability, highlighting the need for automated tools to improve efficiency and consistency. This study aims to validate ORTHOSEG, a deep learning-based system designed to automate the segmentation of anatomical, pathological, and non-pathological elements in radiographs, including orthopantomograms, bitewings, and periapical images. Methods: ORTHOSEG’s performance was evaluated using a rigorously curated dataset of 150 dental radiographs, including 50 orthopantomograms, 50 bitewings, and 50 periapical images, with manual annotations by expert clinicians serving as the ground truth. The system’s segmentation performance was assessed using standard evaluation metrics, including mean Dice Similarity Coefficient (<i>mDSC</i>) and mean Intersection over Union (<i>mIoU</i>), and inference time was also recorded. Results: The system achieved high accuracy, with <i>mDSC</i> and <i>mIoU</i> values of 0.635 ± 0.233 and 0.576 ± 0.214, respectively. In particular for orthopantomograms, it achieved an <i>mDSC</i> of 0.756 ± 0.174 and an <i>mIoU</i> of 0.684 ± 0.172, surpassing existing benchmarks. Its segmentation capabilities extend to approximately 70 distinct elements, underscoring its comprehensive utility. The system demonstrated efficient computational performance, with processing times of 19.745 ± 3.625 s for orthopantomograms, 8.467 ± 0.903 s for bitewings, and 5.653 ± 0.897 s for periapical radiographs on standard clinical hardware. Conclusions: ORTHOSEG demonstrates efficiency suitable for integration into routine workflows. This study confirms ORTHOSEG’s reliability and potential to improve diagnostic workflows, offering clinicians a valuable tool for faster and more detailed radiograph analysis. Future research will focus on extending validation across diverse clinical scenarios to ensure broader applicability. However, this study has limitations, including the use of a dataset derived from a European population and the absence of usability and clinical workflow evaluation, which should be addressed in future studies.
Patrícia JOST, Gabriela UTRAGO, Felícia MIRANDA
et al.
Abstract Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in different types of cleft using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). The influence of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and history of adenotonsillectomy surgery were also evaluated. Methodology: Parents or legal guardians of 195 patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip, lip and palate, and isolated palate aged from 5 to 18 years (9.11±3.09 years) were invited to answer the PSQ. The sample included 94 individuals with unilateral or bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, 56 individuals with cleft lip, and 45 individuals with isolated cleft palate. The frequency of high and low risk was estimated for the complete sample. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sex, age, cleft type, adenotonsillectomy surgery, and BMI with the occurrence of high-risk of OSA. Significance was considered at 5%. Results: A high risk of OSA was observed in 51.3% of the sample. The high risk of OSA was present in 51.8%, 53.1%, and 46.6% of subjects with cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, and isolated cleft palate, respectively. History of adenotonsillectomy surgery was a predictor of high risk of OSA (OR=6.94). The other variables were not associated with OSA high risk. Conclusion: Different cleft types had similar frequency of OSA high risk. Patients with history of adenotonsillectomy surgery still presented high risk of OSA.
Ahmed Talaat Hussein, Hussein Nassef El-khalifa, Al-Dany Atwa Mohamed
et al.
Aim: To investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain reduction in orthodontic patients during molar distalization. Materials and methods: Twenty patients requiring bilateral maxillary first molar distalization were randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group (mean age 15.61 ± 1.03 years) received multiple LLLT after every activation of the distalizing appliance (immediately and on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days) and the control group (mean age 15.64 ± 1.08 years) who did not receive LLLT. Patients reported pain levels every day for 7 days following activation of the appliance using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), then the pain experience of both the intervention and control groups was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean pain scores on the 1st day were higher in the intervention group (9.27 ± 1.01) compared to that of the control group (8.80 ± 1.03). However, the mean pain scores of the intervention group (6.55 ± 1.29, 4.00 ± 1.26, 2.55 ± 1.29, 0.91 ± 1.04, 0.00 ± 0.00 and 0.00 ± 0.00, respectively) were lower than the control group (7.40 ± 1.90, 5.60 ± 2.07, 4.20 ± 1.99, 2.80 ± 1.93, 1.60 ± 1.58 and 0.40 ± 0.84, respectively) from the 2nd to the 7th day. All the differences were not statistically significant except on the 6th day (P-value = 0.003). The peak pain level was experienced by both groups on the 1st day, followed by a statistically significant gradual decrease in pain levels. Patients in the intervention group reported a shorter overall duration of pain. Conclusion: Although LLLT, with the used parameters, reduced the overall duration of pain experience following maxillary first molar distalization, it was not effective during peak pain levels.
Hidayah Ramli, Norhayati Yusop, Rosmaliza Ramli
et al.
Introduction: Although there have been many studies on stem cells, few have investigated how neurotransmitters and stem cell proliferation interact to regenerate dental pulp. Dental pulp regeneration is an innovative procedure for reviving dental pulp, if feasible for the entire tooth. Upon tooth injury, activated platelets release serotonin and dopamine in bulk to mobilize dental pulp stem cells to mediate natural dental repair. This has induced research on the role of neurotransmitters in increasing the proliferation rate of stem cells. This review also covers prospective future treatments for dental pulp regeneration. Methods: A literature search was performed via PubMed and ScienceDirect from 2001 to 2022, using the keywords “neurotransmitter,” “stem cell,” “tooth regeneration,” “tooth repair,” “regenerative dentistry,” and “dental pulp.” Different inclusion/exclusion criteria were used, and the search was restricted to English articles. Results: Nine publications reporting neurotransmitter interactions with stem cells for tooth and pulp regeneration were selected. Conclusion: Neurotransmitters were found to interact with dental stem cells. Evidence pointing to neurotransmitters as a factor in the increased proliferation of stem cells was found. This review thus gives hope for tooth pulp regeneration and repair.
Nattharin Wongsirichat, Basel Mahardawi, Montien Manosudprasit
et al.
Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL±P) in addition to the cleft palate (CP) are a category of anomalies known as orofacial clefts (OC). These anomalies are accompanied by several aesthetic and functional problems. Information on the prevalence of OC showed different values between studies worldwide. In addition, the presence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate is determined by several changes during the embryonic stage. Besides, cleft repair may lead to a significant impact on the overall aesthetic and function and could negatively affect maxillary growth on certain occasions. Therefore, having the background and knowledge on this phenomenon is essential in designing the overall treatment and obtaining outcomes that are as close to normal as possible. This article reviews the maxillary development, occurrence of cleft lip and/or palate and their prevalence, facial growth in the presence of clefts, effect of cleft repair, an overview of alveolar cleft treatment, as well as the essential information related the prevention of cleft lip and palate.
Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of e-learning. This study endeavors to determine the extent and the way of using mobile learning amongst dental students.
Methods: This descriptive study is cross-sectional. The data were collected through conducting a valid and reliable questionnaire. The population were 220 dental students from Tehran University of medical science who were randomly assigned and agreed to participate and complete the questionnaire.
Results: 216 copies of questionnaire were collected. Of these, 108 students (50%) used their phones to use educational software. 168 students (77.8%) used social networks to learn dental courses. 214 students (98.2%) stated that smartphones have increased their access to educational data. 206 students (95.4%) were of the opinion that smartphones help them learn more independently. 189 students (87.5%) stated that it is necessary to employ more smartphones in higher education.
Conclusion: Mobile learning is common amongst dental students of Tehran University of medical sciences. Different features of mobile are used in dental education, Mobile learning in dental education is can be optimized.
Anna Krutyhołowa, Karolina Strzelec, Agata Dziedzic
et al.
Observations from numerous clinical, epidemiological and serological studies link periodontitis with severity and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. The strong association is observed despite totally different aetiology of these two diseases, periodontitis being driven by dysbiotic microbial flora on the tooth surface below the gum line, while rheumatoid arthritis being the autoimmune disease powered by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). Here we discuss genetic and environmental risk factors underlying development of both diseases with special emphasis on bacteria implicated in pathogenicity of periodontitis. Individual periodontal pathogens and their virulence factors are argued as potentially contributing to putative causative link between periodontal infection and initiation of a chain of events leading to breakdown of immunotolerance and development of ACPAs. In this respect peptidylarginine deiminase, an enzyme unique among prokaryotes for Porphyromonas gingivalis, is elaborated as a potential mechanistic link between this major periodontal pathogen and initiation of rheumatoid arthritis development.
Samir Smajic, Aleksandar Vujadinovic, Adnan Kasapovic
et al.
Abstract Background This study examined the impact of Mobidisc implant on spinopelvic parameters, with particular focus on the preservation of the lumbar lordosis (LL) and on the segmental lordosis (SL) of the treated and adjacent segments. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 63 consecutive patients with symptomatic degenerative disc disease who underwent Mobidisc implantation at the Clinic for Spinal Diseases in Strasbourg, France. Based on the profile images of the whole, the following static spinopelvic parameters were measured and analysed: lumbar lordosis L1-S1 (LL), SL for L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence. In the lumbar spine images, the anterior (ADH) and posterior disc height (PDH) were measured prior to surgery and at the different follow-up appointments. The preoperative and postoperative values were compared and statistically analysed at different time intervals. Results Sixty-three patients were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 41.4 years (range 27–59 years). The mean follow-up was 44 months (range 36–71 months). Overall, total disc replacement (TDR) led to an increase in LL which increased TED over time. The preoperative LL measured 48.9° ± 10.1° and 53.4° ± 9.9° at 3 years follow-up (p < 0.0001). In the cohort of patients who underwent TDR at L4-5, the LL increased from 51.6° ± 10° to 56.2° ± 9.2° at the last FU (p = 0.006). All other spinopelvic parameters remained stable between the preoperative values and the last follow-up. In the patients who underwent L5-S1 TDR, a significant increase in LL was also observed between preoperative data and at the last FU (from 47.8° ± 10.1° to 53.3° ± 10.1°, p < 0.0001). Following L5-S1 TDR, the SS increased from 32.9° ± 8.3° to 35.6° ± 7.4° (p = 0.05) and the PT decreased from 15.4° ± 6.2° to 11.6° ± 5.7° between preoperative values and the last follow-up. Considering the entire cohort, the SL L5-S1 increased significantly from 5.9° ± 4.2° preoperatively to 8.1° ± 4.4° (p < 0.01) at the last FU, while at the L4-L5 level, the SL remained stable from 9.9 ± 4.5° to 10.7° ± 3.8° (p = 0.3). After L4-5 TDR, an increase in ADH and PDH at the treated level was observed, while these parameters progressively decreased in the adjacent segment. In patients who underwent L5-S1 TDR, a significant increase in L5-S1 ADH and PDH was observed from 18.8 ± 9.1 to 28.4 ± 11.1 and from 9.5 ± 3.8 to 17.6 ± 9.5 pixels, respectively. ADH and PDH at the proximal adjacent levels L3-4 and L4-5 were reduced. We did not observe any case of implant failure or damage to the bone/implant interface. Conclusion TDR with Mobidisc allows for an improvement of LL and SL at the treated level. An increase in both anterior and posterior disc height was observed at the treated level. While disc height decreased at the adjacent level, further studies are required to investigate whether these changes are clinically relevant.
Orthopedic surgery, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Laser beam has a thermal effect on the exposed body through oscillation of molecules. Rate of the vibrations depend on the time of exposure, intensity of the laser beam, the quantity of the absorbed dose, and the laser wavelength. Impacts of green laser beam on the hematological parameters of Albino Rats investigated in an in-vivo irradiation process. Green laser (200mW, 532nm) was used as a source of non-ionizing radiation to irradiate albino rats, the exposure carried out to heart position (in-vivo) of the rats directly. Fifteen female rats participated. Main blood components: white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelet (PLT) counts were evaluated using a direct exposure method for low and high radiation doses. High doses of laser beam affected the WBCs and PLTs significantly (P-value < 0.05), and the low doses were not significant (P-value > 0.05). Laser beam radiation affected on the main blood components at a limited time of exposure. Optimum radiation doses that had high effectiveness on blood component density depended on the type of blood components. As well as, high impacts (high significant) were on the density of PLT not RBCs.
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Titiek Berniyanti, Marhazlinda Marhazlinda, Retno Palupi
et al.
Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic health problem that is getting a lot of attention around the world today. It is a serious illness that can significantly affect the daily lives of patients and their families in terms of mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, as well as negatively impacting the quality of patients. Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of long haulers on the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors in East Java, Indonesia. Methods: Researchers conduct detailed the solution to overcome the problem by using educational videos and sports or routine gymnastics to change the attitude of COVID-19 survivors towards long haul healing is done through the distribution of the two facilities via the google drive link. The drafting team has 2 program plans as a solution to the problems carried out. Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 survivors with long haulers was slightly higher than that of non-long haulers. The results of the knowledge and attitude scores on the pre-test and post-test after viewing the media booklet and educational video showed a significant difference and improvement of quality of life in the result. Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitudes, and quality of life including the physical health of long haul COVID-19 survivors in East Java experienced a significant increase after being given counseling through online booklets and
educational videos.
Through this respected journal, I would like to bring the attention of the readers towards the level of awareness of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) among the general public in Karachi. PCOS is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, diagnosed by the presence of menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenemia, and multiple cysts in the ovary that is visualized on transvaginal ultrasound1
Melinda Szalóki, Hamid Javadi, Sara Khandan
et al.
The development of digital technology is more and more meaningful on the area of dentistry. There are many factors that influence the accuracy of 3D printing among others composition of polymers for printing, that determine the polymerization parameters such as polymerization shrinkage (PS) and degree of conversion (DC). These factors have an important role in the postpolymerization process that have an effect on accuracy of 3D printing and torsional parameters. Aim of this study was to analyse the polymerization parameters (PS and DC) of MED610 and MED620 (Stratasys, USA) during five-day period after the printing. Based on our measurements it was found that PS values were increased from 7,9433 vol% to 8,1704 vol% at MED610 and from 7,0619 vol% to 7,5598 vol% at MED620 during the five days period. The DC values were between 90,182 and 99,9433% and showed the maximum at third day. The polymerization parameters showed significant differences between the first day and fifth day measurements. Based on data of this study it can established that distortion error of MED610 is 22,71 μm and 49,79 μm at MED620 from polymerization shrinkage regarding a 10 cm length printed object. This values do not mean a distortion relative to the parameters of the real specimen, since in it e.g. scanners, and different design software of algorithms can still play a role. The clinical relevance is that the postpolymerization can cause distortion that effect is more relevant than has effect on the accuracy of the printed object to influence the dental application of these materials.
Children are a nation's greatest inheritance shaping the country's future. In Indonesia, it is estimated that almost 40% of the population or around 85 million are children who are in their developing years. One of a parents' roles is to observe that their children's dental structure is growing suitably for their gae. Most parents have a concern that their children have (or will have) a malocclusion or malposition caused by combined features of disharmony in their teeth. Such a disharmony will affect the overall facial structure developemnt process, e.g. in the jaw, facial bones and soft tissues such as lips, cheeks and even the tonue. Should each condition occur on a chiled, it may have a negative psychological effect on a growing child, such as causing low self-esteem. A child's dental development needs parents' special attention as it concerns their overall dental health. On the other hand, many parents do not have proper knowledge of the normal dental growth/development. In case of abnormal development the parents should at least know whether or not their child needs orthodontic care. With the Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicator (OCNI) the parents can easily determine at an early stage whether or not the child needs to have an orthodontic treatment. The OCNI involves a set of questions to parents and child regarding the child's dental development, and has a simple self-assessment-based scoring with the help of a denist as consultant. An OCNI score intends to achieve a better orthodontic treatment process for the potential patient, to improve the quality of the child's dental health and to achieve healthy and productive teeth.
Sasikala Balasubramanian, P Elavenil, S Shanmugasundaram
et al.
Space infection in the Oral and Maxillofacial region is common from odontogenic origin especially in the immunocompromised patients. Ludwig′s angina which is relatively uncommon remains a potentially life-threatening condition due to the risk of impending airway obstruction. Thus, because of its invasive nature, early identification and management of Ludwig′s angina is extremely important.
Background/purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the resin–dentin interface with a qualitative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in endodontically treated teeth restored with selected luting adhesive resins and glass-fiber posts.
Materials and methods: Twelve periodontically and orthodontically involved premolars were extracted and used in this study. The crowns of the teeth were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction using a low-speed diamond saw. After post space preparation, the roots were randomly assigned to four groups and restored with different adhesive systems: group 1 used RelyX ARC + Single Bond; group 2 used Panavia F 2.0; group 3 used Clearfil SA Cement; and group 4 used RelyX Unicem (all n = 3). All groups were restored with the same type of glass-fiber post. One day after post cementation, the roots were transversally sectioned in three slices at different levels (apical, middle, and coronal). SEM photographs were taken from four standardized areas of each root section to observe the bonding interface formation, the quality of the hybrid layer, and the density of the resin tags using a four-step (0 to 3) scale method.
Results: The mean scores of resin tags found at the 1-, 4.5-, and 8-mm levels were statistically analyzed with the Kruskall–Wallis test to test for significance between and within groups at P < 0.05. Statistical analysis showed that the different adhesive cements affected the resin tag morphology and density of the experimental groups (P = 0.048). Differences among regions (1-, 4.5-, and 8-mm levels) were analyzed in each group and were shown to be statistically significant (Friedman test, P = 0.039).
Conclusion: Coronal regions in the root canals showed the best resin tag formation regardless of the different adhesive systems used, and the RelyX ARC group with an etch-and-rinse mechanism exhibited the best resin tag formation of all root canal regions among all groups in the current study.