COVID-19 pandemic has become a global issue of increasing concern in recent years. As time has passed, existing urban planning and design have gradually been challenged and transformed. The World Health Organization has provided numerous recommendations to the public regarding the transmission of COVID-19, with social distancing being the primary measure. However, the implementation of social distancing policies has altered people's lifestyles. With nearly three years of ongoing pandemic transmission and the advent of the post-pandemic era due to increased vaccination rates, it is essential to consider the adjustments of urban elements in response to the changing lifestyles of residents. The pandemic has underscored the need for cities to not only reduce damage but also to maintain functionality and livability, thus enhancing economic development and urban vibrancy. It applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process to select principles based on expert opinions, constructing specific criteria accordingly. Critical Infrastructure (CI) criteria and their weights in the Taipei metropolitan area are then obtained, establishing a sequence for the reallocation of critical infrastructure. The study delves into whether critical infrastructure should be reallocated in the post-pandemic era, aiming to build urban resilience. Through expert questionnaires based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and matrix statistical calculations, the true importance weights are derived. The results show that the highest priority criteria is ''policy management,'' followed by ''built environment and public facilities,'' and third is ''green-blue infrastructure.'' These criteria will serve as important measures for adjusting urban design in the post-pandemic era, with Wanhua as the study area, to respond to the impact of public facility data analysis on urban development and to understand the pandemic's effects on cities. The findings aim to provide governmental units with a framework to evaluate and improve essential urban infrastructure, ensuring cities are better prepared for future health crises and environmental challenges.
Urbanization. City and country, Political institutions and public administration (General)
Western literature shows evidence of a positive relationship between socio-spatial features of neighbourhoods and social interaction. However, there is little research exploring this relationship in the Chinese context, particularly between locals and migrants in peri-urban China where significant housing is being created. This paper studies the socio-spatial features of neighbourhoods in supporting social interaction between locals and migrants across different neighbourhood types in the peri-urban areas in Guangzhou. In this research, data were collected using door-to-door questionnaires and site surveys in 9 peri-urban neighbourhoods in Guangzhou. The nature and strength of relationships between socio-spatial features of neighbourhoods and social interaction were examined through statistical analysis. The results of this study suggest that the level of maintenance and accessibility can help improve social interaction for locals and migrants living together in villages, redeveloped villages, and commodity housing. Neighbourhood boundaries and quality of neighbourhoods were found to be positively related to social interaction for locals and migrants in redeveloped villages only. In addition, the perceived character of the neighbourhood can positively impact social interaction for locals in villages only. This study demonstrates that high-quality neighbourhoods can improve social interaction between migrants and locals in peri-urban villages, commodity housing, and redeveloped villages in China. The study provides a guide for neighbourhood designers, urban planners, and property managers in peri-urban China regarding how to create a neighbourhood supporting social interaction between locals and migrants in villages, redeveloped villages and commodity housing respectively.
Urbanization. City and country, Political institutions and public administration (General)
While the impacts of the Covid-19 outbreak on urban areas have been deeply investigated, the effects of the virus on sparsely populated and marginal areas are still poorly explored. In Italy, those “inner” areas are often characterized by processes of marginalization due to aging and loss of population, low occupational rate and income, a progressive deprivation of local know-how, and the shrinking of essential services. Yet, a reverse migration from urban centers to rural and peripheral areas has been reported worldwide among the main effects of the Covid-19 pandmic, being in some cases an opportunity to slow down and even reverse the process of marginalization. By combining mobile phone and socio-spatial data, this paper aims to analyze the space-time variability of human presence before and during the Covid-19 lockdown in the Apennine area of the e province of Piacenza, a representative case of Italy's inner areas, to read if and how the pandemic has contributed to modify the rhythms and trends of those territories. Two dynamics have been investigated: remote and near-home tourism. In addition to provide a picture of the changes that occurred in these marginal contexts, the outcomes have shown the great potentiality of mobile phone data, along with some limits that may prejudice their usability, particularly for territorial research in low-density areas.
Transportation engineering, Urbanization. City and country
En el marco de la convocatoria para celebrar el centenario de la formación de profesionales de la arquitectura en la región del Litoral, el presente artículo analiza una serie de factores que jalonaron distintos momentos relevantes en la definición de su perfil. En particular, el arco temporal del trabajo se inicia con la creación de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral en 1923, articulando su paso a la Universidad Nacional de Rosario en 1968 y el restablecimiento de esta carrera en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral en 1985, con la actual Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo.
Interesa considerar las características que definieron los distintos planes de estudios y propuestas de modificación, los actores a cargo de políticas institucionales, al estudiantado como protagonista, entre otras condiciones que, en conjunto, a lo largo de un siglo y en distintas instituciones, contribuyeron a definir el perfil de la formación disciplinar en la región.
This study investigates the oral history and collective memory of locals in terms of the transformation of daily practices, social relations, and the space of Ankara from the late 1940s to the present. The research mainly focuses on the changes that have occurred in the main memory spaces of Ankara, and how these changes are perceived and evaluated by residents of the Çankaya district aged over 60. In this study, which aims to analyze how spaces, and therefore collective memory, have been transformed in Ankara and how this transformation is reflected in daily life, it is seen that the city planning that has attempted to use squares, parks, and architecture to reflect the Republic has actually moved away from those ideals over the years. This is especially true with the strengthening of modernization and capitalist production relations since the beginning of the serious urban and social transformation of the 1970s. The initial manifestations of this transformation were in the set up of locations. The background economic and political factors in this transformation have had major effects on the shaping of spaces, as well as on social and cultural structures, and this process of change has been reflected in daily life. The changes have been so dramatic that it can be said that Ankara's memory spaces have been completely transformed in historical process, and are now faced with extinction. The regions of Kızılay and Ulus, which we can define as being the center of the city, have gradually begun to lose their distinctive character.
Urbanisation in Ethiopia is increasing rapidly. This paper uses city-level data to investigate the evolution of Ethiopia’s city size distribution from 1984 to 2012, using descriptive statistics and time-series Gini coefficient calculations. Over that period, the study found that overall city size distribution followed an apparent parallel growth pattern, with disparities among the country’s regional states. This demonstrates that the parallel growth rule of city size distribution found in developed countries and most emerging economies applies in Ethiopia. Findings suggest that changes in the country’s city size distribution from 1984 to 2007 resulted from changes in the political system and policy issues. The results enhance understanding of the evolution of Ethiopia’s city size distribution and have important implications for policy debates. Keywords: Ethiopia, Urbanisation, City size distribution, Gini coefficient
Urbanization. City and country, Political institutions and public administration (General)
The number of urban regeneration projects, which are the reflection of neoliberal policies on urban space, have increased since the 1980s.
Regeneration projects can be implemented in many different places but in Turkey they are usually carried out on squatter areas (illegal
housing areas). The “New Mamak Urban Regeneration Project” has transformed Mamak, the location of the largest squatter district in
Ankara, into a center of a huge urban regeneration project in terms of its area, number of flats and its inhabitants. This large project
has caused a number of problems due to its transformative impact and dislocated original residents. The aim of the study is to identify
the spatial transformations and caused by the New Mamak Urban Regeneration Project and the socio-economic changes that it brought
about. Other aims are to examine the conflicts and contrasts between new and old spaces, debiting the residents of squatter houses who
were relocated from their homes as part of neoliberal policies, as well as changing everyday life practices. Especially noteworthy is the
spatial contradiction between the high-rise apartment buildings nearing their completion and the squatter areas where construction
has yet to start. For this reason, case study areas include the stage 1, where the project has already been completed, and stage 2, where
construction has not begun. As part of the qualitative research method that was applied in the study, data was collected through in-depth
interviews with individuals from different stakeholder groups. Three sample groups were identified: residents, municipal officers charged
with implementing the project, and academics who are experts in urban studies. The data obtained from the in-depth interviews were
analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. The study showed that the people who originally lived in squatter areas but who then
moved to apartment buildings had a longing for their old way of life and had difficulty adapting to their new living conditions. This
situation is seen to have created scenes that contrast the newly built spaces.
Andreas Farwick, Heike Hanhörster, Isabel Ramos Lobato
et al.
Due to their lack of financial resources, poor residents of deprived neighbourhoods are very much reliant on support and assistance from their personal networks. Studies refer to the key importance of neighbourhood contacts transcending social boundaries to promote upward social mobility. Based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative findings, this paper looks at the importance of social mix within a person’s neighbourhood and immediate surroundings for transferring different kinds of resources. The results show that even residents of deprived neighbourhoods can call on a well-developed support network to deal with everyday problems. The contribution also shows that network contacts to people endowed with more resources are no guarantee for the upward social mobility of the less well endowed. Indeed, it would seem that ‘getting-ahead’ resources are also accessible via their homogeneous networks. Much more to the point, the immediate surroundings turn out to be an important spatial context for contacts and resource transfers, especially for families with children.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
Generally speaking, population and activities have long been associated with central part of cities. This pattern with its special structure has exemplified itself in specific functional patterns followed by accommodation of mix urban land uses. Residences could recreate as well as having civilized interactions. It is been argued that the historical trend pertaining to moving away or abandoning inner city activities toward periphery followed by formation of sprawl development as well as changes in central city land uses have great impact upon urban areas status. It may result in social, economic and physical urban deterioration and decay. From urban planning policies and systems standpoints, inner city decay is associated with urban land use zoning as well as geometric typology pertaining to rationalism philosophy and modernism planning. It is argued that social, economic and physical properties associated with urban land uses including the existence of pedestrian areas, varied land uses and social spaces no longer apply to central part of the city taking into account this type of philosophy. This study deals with the central part of Shiraz. It aims to explain the relationship between urban developments based on mix used development and degree of urban deterioration and decay as opposed to urban efficiency. It further identifies indices and components associated with the spatial analysis of inner city decay as opposed to urban land uses efficiency. The methodological procedure of this study is based on functional spatial analysis using new urbanism paradigm with particular emphasis on urban mixed land uses. This Study suggests that there exist a negative linear relationship between urban land uses located in central Part of Shiraz and degree of inner city deterioration and decay level. It further suggests that urban inner city decay in Shiraz follows a specific spatial behavior both at district and neighborhood levels. Keywords: Urban mixed use development, New urbanism, Inner-city decay, Urban land use efficiency, Spatial analysis of inner city decay, Shiraz metropolitan
Urbanization. City and country, Political institutions and public administration (General)
This article is about an early example of gentrification processes in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. A unique form of the gentrification process is examined using a case study of a small inner-city neighborhood on Koza Street through the monitoring of the area between 1998 and 2016, and giving voice to both the gentrifiers and gentrified. Almost ninety percent of the population in the area was displaced despite the inclusionary principles of an in situ Rehabilitation Project which has led to a large scale transformation of the physical space of
the street. The study includes four field studies conducted at different time intervals (1998, 2001, 2004, 2009) and a follow-up visit (2016) to the neighborhood, to critically assess the progression of gentrification in Turkey through its phases. Even though gentrification usually refers to the middle class invasion of urban land originally inhabited by the less privileged, our case reveals the effects of successive modes of a gentrification process which starts as an in situ rehabilitation project of a squatter prevention area initiated by a social democratic municipality with the “participation of local groups”, and turns into “gentrification by choice” in the successive years in the shadow of “Third Way” values. What is currently happening could be regarded as “gentrification by force” following urban renewal. In our case, however, the line between the two major components of gentrification, i.e., the “gentrifier” and the “gentrified”, seems to have become ambiguous, which calls for a further analysis of Turkey’s unique political and spatial dynamics.
This introductory paper looks at recent debates on the concept of regional economic resilience and focuses on three elements of debate: (1) indicator systems and consideration of the normative content of the concept; (2) the evolutionary dimension of the concept and its inter-disciplinary linkages; (3) the policy dimension and challenges for the development of policy recommendations. The author discusses the state of the debate and presents some directions for future research priorities.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
<p>Nonostante la diffusione del paradigma della smart city sia stata esponenziale, con l’effetto di confonderne il significato, il concetto di “città intelligente” indica comunque un tema di ricerca importante, in particolare quando venga esteso a contesti territoriali più ampi. In questo senso, la ricerca <em>La smart region tra Torino e Milano. I servizi mobili come driver di innovazione territoriale in vista di Expo 2015</em> (Politecnico di Milano-Telecom Italia) si propone di sperimentare l’uso delle ICT per un sistema integrato di servizi nel territorio tra Torino e Milano, anche in prospettiva di Expo 2015: una regione metropolitana valorizzata da un sistema di relazioni già attive e inserita nel contesto più ampio della <em>city-region</em> del Nord Italia, il cui sviluppo va legato ad una strategia di scala vasta, declinabile nella definizione di “smart city-region” o, più semplicemente, di “smart region”.</p> <p>In tale contesto, il ruolo delle università nei processi di sviluppo territoriale, il miglioramento dei servizi materiali e immateriali erogati dai campus, su cui la ricerca (in corso) ha scelto di concentrarsi, può contribuire ad aumentare la sostenibilità e competitività del territorio. Una prima sperimentazione è stata condotta sull’area di Città Studi a Milano, testando una metodologia utile a comprenderne le esigenze e individuando soluzioni e servizi funzionanti su terminali di comunicazione mobile, interfaccia tra persone e luoghi nel campus e nel contesto urbano circostante.</p>
Transportation engineering, Urbanization. City and country
<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The paper deals with the issues related to the relationship between city, energy, economic factors and city planning. These issues are analyzed from a theoretical point of view and are placed in a logical path based on three assumptions. The first considers the city as an intelligent system constantly evolving. The second considers the city as a system where economic processes come out at their highest level affecting other aspects of social and urban structure. The third considers the planning as the weak link in the process of urban development, one of the most exposed to economic and social pressures.</span></p><p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Energy production has experienced a great progress since steam and electricity were discovered. Each stage of this evolution has affected city and territory introducing significant physical signs, changing the ways of carrying out functions and creating new needs and new activities. The energy revolution, based on sustainable sources and on skillful management of the networks, will strongly affect the city and the way of organizing the activities, their location, dimension, and the shape of the spaces.</span></p><p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The paper explores some of the issues related to the relationship between urban system and energy.</span></p><p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The first section analyzes the meaning of the intelligent city as an entity that is constantly changing and constantly adapting. The second section analyzes the role of the energy systems in the evolution of the activities and of the city’s image. The last section investigates the role of the economic factors in the evolution of the shape and meaning of city, pointing out that the way towards smart and green urban systems will largely depend on their economic advantage.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p align="left"> </p>
Transportation engineering, Urbanization. City and country
Logistics can be defined as the process of planning, organization and control of all the activities of transportand storage of goods and informations; it interests all the productive phases, from the acquisition of rawmaterials, to the production process in the factories, up to the delivery of the finished products to the finalcustomers. In this way the logistics intersects the territory at different stages of its activity: when the rawmaterials are brought to the factory, when the factory sends semi-production units to other factories, whereproducts are stored in equipped areas, and when the final goods are brought to terminal sales.Inside the Southern territorial system the Campania is an important hub in the transport and sorting ofgoods. This role has made stronger after the carrying out of new logistics infrastructures, related to othersupport infrastructures, as railways and motorways.The regional system presents nationwide excellence’s peaks that could encourage its role in this sector, butthere are also negative factors that may to slow the take-off of the sector. The reference is to theinfrastructures and operating bottlenecks interfering its efficiency, but also to the weakness of the regionalproduction’s system that doesn’t ensures a local critical mass to the logistics.A third aspect is the lack of a clear structure of programming investment and of a greater transparency inthe roles assigned to various initiatives, arising mainly on local, uncoordinated pushes.The paper analyzes the situation of logistics and of its spatial interrelationships in Campania, identifyingstrengths, weaknesses, and potential evolutionary factors. The discussion faces up aspects of territoriallogistics: it differs from the urban logistics for the amount of handled commodities and for the concentrationin strategic poles, because these logistics platforms require specialized equipments and wide spaces formovement and deposit.The first part of the paper analyses the relationships between territory and logistics and identifies either themain elements of interconnection or crisis in the use of physical space, due to the diverging objectivesbetween territorial government and economic actors.The second part considers the condition of good’s movement in relation to the Mediterranean port facilities,to the state of the regional logistics system, and to the economic and territorial Campanian situation.To this purpose, the paper also explores the evolution of territorial planning in Campania, highlighting howa series of choices, including those related to the location of logistics facilities, have been made outside ofexisting planning tools.
Transportation engineering, Urbanization. City and country
Home and regional identity are topics that gain growing and controversial attention in the public and scientific discussion. Frequently home and landscape are understood as distinct objects. On the contrary, both home and landscape here are understood as constitutively socially constructed. Landscape as a social construct represents only one dimension of the social construct of home. Besides, other dimensions of home can be identified: the constitutive dimension of the social, that of well-being, that of time, that of spiritual home and that of marginalization. Crucial for the linkage between the social constructs of home and landscape is the individual acquirement of the construction of a “normal conditioned landscape of home” during processes of socialization. This construction serves as a basis for comparing landscapes as well as it includes a normative expectation of persistence of the socially constructed landscape attributed to physical objects. Due to this social expectation of persistence, changes in the physical structure of landscape are perceived as harassment. However, the target of sustainable development may even demand changes in the structures of physical objects, socially described as landscapes. Therefore the most important challenge of a sustainable development of landscape is to design main physical representatives of home in a way that minimizes the experience of a loss of home.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country