Objective: to conceptualize cyberbullying from the viewpoint of law and technoethics; to analyze the power imbalance in the digital environment as a fundamental factor of causing harm online.Methods: the work uses a conceptual and analytical methodology based on an interdisciplinary analysis of the theoretical provisions of law, technoethics, philosophy of technology, and social psychology. The methodological tools are complemented by constructing unique conceptual models through analyzing the structural factors of the digital space, developing causal relationships and creating a taxonomy of cyberbullying forms. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of regulatory approaches of different jurisdictions and the identification of gaps in existing legal norms.Results: the research established that cyberbullying is a complex multilevel phenomenon that occurs at the intersection of the architectural features of digital platforms, the asymmetry of technological competencies between participants in interactions, and the systemic fragmentation of legislative regulation. It identified the critical gaps in key international legal instruments, manifested in the lack of unified definitions of cyberbullying, insufficiently elaborated mechanisms for cross-border cooperation, and irrelevant addressing of the digital environment specifics. The author analyzed the fundamental ethical issues related to automated content moderation based on machine learning algorithms, the distribution of responsibility between platforms, government regulators and individual users, and the contradictions between ensuring security and maintaining user autonomy. Four main types of power imbalances were identified: technological, informational, social, and institutional; each of them requires specific strategies to overcome.Scientific novelty: for the first time, the article proposed a comprehensive approach to analyzing cyberbullying as a structurally determined abuse of digital power through the prism of technoethics. The developed conceptual models provide new tools for understanding the distributed nature of responsibility in the digital ecosystem and forming ethically sound prevention strategies. The author introduced a concept of information misuse as a central mechanism of systematic abuse of power in the digital environment.Practical significance: the research is aimed at legal scholars, public officials, and digital platform developers. It offers practical solutions in the fields such as ethical audit of algorithms, creation of hybrid moderation systems involving artificial intelligence and humans, formation of international task forces, and development of human rights-based principles of digital literacy. The author’s proposals may help to create a safer, more accountable and inclusive digital environment for all participants.
Mehmet Emin Kalaylı, Hatice Cansu Bilgiç, Eylem Dayı
Introduction: Collaboration is a positive and mutually committed process that involves team members working together, pooling resources, and sharing an environment. The process of collaboration among teachers also leads to the improvement of professional practice and the quality of learning outcomes. Teachers in a collaborative environment know that there are other experts from whom they can get support in the educational process. This situation has a positive effect on their attitudes towards the teaching profession, and positive attitudes enhance their professional competence by increasing their motivation to learn and teach. This study aimed to contribute to the literature by clarifying the relationship between attitudes towards collaborative working skills and teachers' competencies in the field of special education.Method: The research was designed in relational survey method, one of the quantitative research types. A total of 253 students who were enrolled in the undergraduate special education program at the universities and took the teaching practice course for at least one semester participated in the study. The data of the study were collected through the "Attitude Scale towards Professional Collaboration among Teachers" and "Ohio Teacher Competence Scale". Before analyzing the data, the assumption of normality was checked. Then, statistical analyses (correlation, regression, one-way analysis of variance, independent groups t-test) were performed. Reliability coefficients were also calculated for each scale.Results: As a result of the analyses, a high positive correlation was found between pre-service teachers' attitudes towards professional collaboration and teacher competencies and their subdimensions. In addition, it was found that pre-service teachers' attitudes toward professional collaboration positively predicted teacher competencies and their subdimensions. Finally, the attitudes towards collaboration and teacher competencies of pre-service teachers working with students with severe and multiple disabilities in teaching practice were higher than those of pre-service teachers working with other disability groups.Discussion: The results of this study suggest that pre-service special education teachers' positive attitudes towards professional collaboration significantly increase their levels of teacher efficacy, and that working with different disability groups affects pre-service teachers' professional development in different ways. This highlights the importance of teacher education programs to promote approaches that are sensitive to diversity and diverse learning needs.
This paper develops the approach to special relativity put forward by John S. Bell. The classical dynamics of an electron orbiting a nucleus in uniform motion is solved analytically and compared to numerical simulations for an accelerated nucleus. The relativistic phenomena of length contraction and time dilation are shown to result from the electric and magnetic forces on the electron when its motion is analyzed in a single frame of reference. The relevance of these results for understanding the theory of special relativity is discussed.
More quickly than in the past, the digital world of today is bringing with it new challenges for children, adolescents, and youth, as well as for their parents and guardians, virtually every day. Children, adolescents, and youth use digital technology, i.e. devices, applications, and media, on a daily basis for a variety of reasons and activities, and the use is having positive and negative effects on their development and well-being. With the development of new research methodologies and theoretical frameworks, we are beginning to understand more and more how digital technology use affects development and well-being. Thus, the purpose of this special issue was to bring together current knowledge about how digital technology use shapes the lives of children, adolescents, and youth, and offer perspectives on the future direction of much-needed work. We hope that we have succeeded in this and that this special issue offers readers an interesting insight into this area. This special issue is a collection of 11 scientific papers, one of which is a review paper, describing studies done in Croatia, Sweden, Slovenia, and Norway. The issue features papers that used different methodological approaches and samples of participants from different countries. The papers in the issue are organized chronologically, with the last two papers describing studies done with parents as one of the closest physical ecological environments for preschool children.
The first part of the issue is dedicated to the five studies done with adolescents. Kotrla Topić et al. paper describes a two-wave longitudinal study done with early adolescents in Croatia with the aim of exploring how engagement in different activities using digital technology predicts changes in adolescents’ subjective wellbeing. Jokić et al. examined the relationships between time spent using digital technology, loneliness, and well-being among three nationally representative cohorts of adolescents in Croatia. Knežević and Erceg examined the relationship among Instagram use, general self-esteem, envy, and the need for relatedness in a sample of Croatian middle adolescents. Pahljina-Reinić et al.'s paper depicts the prevalence and stability of achievement goal profiles among adolescents in Croatia in relation to their experience with digital technologies in educational settings using a longitudinal, person-oriented approach. Olander et al. explored Swedish children and adolescents’ experiences of physical activity and apps, with a focus on the effects of behavior change techniques using qualitative methodology.
The middle part of the issue is dedicated to the three studies done with youth, namely university students. Žulec Ivanković et al. explored the effects of media pressure on appearance satisfaction in a sample of Croatian young women. Martinac Dorčić et al. described a study done with youth in Croatia on the relationship between social media use, digital stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Fabijanić et al. explored how support in the offline world and some aspects of the use of social networks predict loneliness among university students in Croatia.
The last part of the issue features a review study and two studies done with parents. Dodaj et al. wrote a theoretical review on sexting, namely definition, types, motivation, prevalence, theoretical explanations, determinants, and consequences of sexting behavior. Seršen et al. explored parents’ views on quality programs for children, mediation practice, and common reasons to allow preschool children media exposure. Ables et al. examined the question of how parents with young children living in Norway perceive their phone usage based on the data collected by interviews with parents.
All in all, the findings of the papers in this issue indicate that the use of digital technologies among adolescents can have both positive and negative effects on wellbeing, which is important for interpreting the effects considering different activities and purposes of use.
The findings suggest that overuse of digital technology has mainly negative effects on well-being. Furthermore, the findings imply the existence of individual differences related to digital technology use. The findings can also inform the creation and implementation of physical activity apps. Furthermore, when youth are the focus, the findings suggest that exposure to media may have negative, although small, effects on self-image and mental health, but also that the effects are nonexistent or, better stated, not captured with the current methodology. The findings advise future research on sexting, which is becoming prevalent among adolescents and youth. To finish, results point to different parent-oriented motives for allowing preschool children to enter a digital environment.
To conclude, virtual ecosystems and their characteristics are changing every day, and more research is needed on the long-term effects of living in a virtual microsystem using advanced, more person-oriented methodologies within theoretical frameworks that need to be developed soon.
We would like to thank all the authors who have contributed to this special issue and all the reviewers for their useful suggestions. We would also like to thank the editor-in-chief and the entire editorial board for their help and support.
Importance. The modern educational system is focused on various types of activities, which is associated with the use of innovative technologies. Pedagogical technology is a set of psychological and pedagogical attitudes that determine a special set and arrangement of forms, methods, ways and techniques of teaching, educational means. The relevance of the problem of using innovative educational technologies to develop students’ vocal and performing culture is associated with the need for a harmonious combination of old and new teaching methods in order to ensure sustainable development and disclosure of the potential of young performers. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the formation of students’ vocal and performing culture by means of educational innovative technologies.Materials and Methods. Scientific literature and educational resources are analyzed. Information is systematized and organizational and pedagogical conditions for innovative forms and techniques of teaching students vocal and performing culture are substantiated.Results and Discussion. Educational innovative technologies are the most promising to develop students’ vocal and performing culture if the curriculum contains new disciplines aimed at the latest research in the field of musical culture and vocal art; the use of interactive technologies, mobile apps and online-resources allows to create a flexible educational environment and creates access to more information and materials for studying vocal art; the application of virtual reality technologies allows to immerse in the musical composition and feel like a performer on stage.Conclusion. The process of developing students’ vocal and performing culture by means of educational innovative technologies is complex and multifaceted and requires a comprehensive approach. Simultaneous use of traditional and innovative approaches allows students to gain a complex comprehension of vocal art, develop creative abilities in theatre art, and adjust to contemporary conditions
This study aims to identify and prioritize creative tourism attractions in nomadic life from a host-guest perspective. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population includes tour guides and nomadic tourism activists. The study data was collected based on the decision matrix pattern, which includes options and indicators, based on the subjective judgments of a 15-person sample of the statistical population selected by the snowball method. The data obtained from the combination of the opinions of the sample members were analyzed using the Shannon entropy technique for evaluating the indicators and TOPSIS for prioritizing the attractions from the host and guest perspectives. The findings show that from the host's perspective, the demand indicators, Attracting tourists, contribution to the local economy, diversity, and tourist participation impact the ranking of tourist attractions, respectively. From the guest's perspective, the indicators of influence on the tourist experience, uniqueness, connection with history and culture, diversity, and opportunity for cultural improvement are, respectively, influential in the ranking of tourist attractions. The results also indicate that from the host's perspective, handicrafts, food and cuisine, music, customs, Migration architecture, and literature are the most important creative tourism attractions in nomadic life, respectively. From the guest's perspective, handicrafts, music, food and cuisine, Migration architecture, customs, and literature are the most important creative tourism attractions in nomadic life, respectively. These results can bring the views of the supply and demand sides closer together and provide an effective basis for formulating creative tourism development strategies in nomadic.
1. Introduction
Nomadic life in Iran represents a precious heritage of culture and authentic human existence on Earth. As part of Iran's ancient civilization, nomadic regions, with their centuries-old traditions, offer a unique travel experience for culture enthusiasts. Tourists from around the world flock to these areas to immerse themselves in the daily activities of these people, participating in tasks like milking, yogurt and butter making, oil extraction, weaving, carpet weaving, and other handicrafts. Sleeping in nomadic tents amidst Iran's pristine nature is an unforgettable experience (Ashayari & Colleagues, 2019).
Therefore, there is a growing need to shift development perspectives in nomadic regions toward utilizing their cultural and traditional strengths to overcome economic challenges. Creative tourism emerges as a promising approach, as it can enhance the well-being, prosperity, and living standards of nomads while preserving their authenticity and culture. This form of tourism actively engages tourists in local customs, arts, and lifestyles, moving them away from passive observation (Bastenegar, 2019). This study aims to identify and explore creative tourism attractions within the Bakhtiari nomadic tribe in Iran. By prioritizing these attractions from both guest and host perspectives, the study aims to provide a more accurate understanding of the potential value of nomadic tourism destinations for researchers, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders in this field, adopting a creative tourism approach. Given the lack of prior research on creative tourism in the context of nomadic communities, this study can be considered one of the pioneering efforts to identify and prioritize creative tourism attractions within nomadic life. This focus on creative nomadic tourism can elevate the level of tourism development strategies and enhance regional and cultural tourism. The innovative use of Shannon entropy and TOPSIS data analysis techniques as tools for evaluating and prioritizing tourist attractions adds to the study's novelty and contributes to the advancement of research methodologies in the field of tourism. Moreover, by considering both guest and host perspectives, the study provides valuable insights into the prioritization of creative tourism attractions from both supply and demand sides, fostering better interactions and synergies between guests and hosts, ultimately enhancing the overall tourism experience
2. Literature Review
In recent decades, tourism has evolved from its traditional focus on visiting historical sites and monuments towards more creative patterns. Some researchers trace the origins of the term "creative tourism" to the EUROTEX project, conducted between 1996 and 1999 in Finland, Greece, and Portugal. This project highlighted the growing interest in local culture and everyday life, as well as the desire for active participation in learning creative experiences (Jarábková & Hamada, 2012). However, the term "creative tourism" was first formally introduced by Richards and Raymond in 2000. Creative tourism is defined as a journey motivated by the desire to engage in an authentic and active experience, where the tourist actively participates in learning about the art, cultural heritage, or unique characteristics of a place, fostering a strong and meaningful connection with the local inhabitants, the creators of this living culture (Bastenegar & Hassani, 2018).
The Bakhtiari tribe, one of Iran's most populous nomadic communities, is a treasure trove of cultural and historical attractions in the country's southwest. Recognized as one of the oldest Iranian ethnic groups, the Bakhtiaris possess a unique social structure and power dynamics. This diverse tribe encompasses a significant nomadic population, adhering to a distinctive traditional and local diet shaped by their migratory lifestyle and economic activities. The primary and traditional dwelling of the nomads is the black tent, locally known as "Behun," typically woven from goat hair (Danani Nia & Eilbeigipour, 2016).
Nomadic migration involves the movement of the tribe based on a predetermined schedule between two distinct environments with different natural characteristics. Environmental factors, such as temperature fluctuations, precipitation patterns and timing, and changes in vegetation, play a crucial role in determining the migration schedule. Nomadic migration is primarily classified into two types: horizontal and vertical. The nomadic lifestyle, representing the most basic form of human life, has profoundly influenced the architectural style of nomadic dwellings, aligning them with their needs and way of life (Danani Nia & Eilbeigipour, 2016). The handicrafts of the nomads stem from the primary needs of these migratory people to adapt to their geographical environment and the traditional technology prevalent in nomadic regions. Nomadic handicrafts serve two primary purposes: internal consumption within the tribe and clan, where nomads produce items to meet their needs in clothing, housing, storage, and agricultural tools. The other purpose, involving higher quality production, is for sale and income generation. Carpet weaving, chabuk weaving, felt making, hat weaving, gijeh weaving, kilim weaving, black tent weaving, jajim, khorjin, gabeh, verni, and the manufacture of various local musical instruments, including the dozaleh, sorna, shmshāl, ney, tabl, tombak, and dehl, are among the most important handicrafts of the nomads. Spinning is another significant activity among the nomads. The produced wool and hair are transformed, through a series of processes, into yarn and ultimately into various handmade products, such as woolen socks and shawls (Yāsūrī, 2011).
The music of the Bakhtiari tribe reflects the culture and identity of this region and is an inseparable part of Bakhtiari life, performed during various ceremonies and rituals (Kohzād, 2012). This music, considering elements such as geographical conditions, climate, culture and customs, religion, and faith, paints a vivid picture of tribal life. Bakhtiari music incorporates pieces from various musical instruments, including the karnā, sornā, dehl, shepherd's ney, and do-sorna. Dance in the Bakhtiari tribe emerges as an emotional and expressive response to music. These dances showcase the solidarity, unity, and love among the tribe members. The song lyrics in Bakhtiari music encompass a wide range of themes, from bravery to the daily lives of the nomads (Kohzād, 2012). Traditional Iranian cuisine, derived from locally available ingredients, plants, and products, exhibits diverse variations among different ethnic groups and climates, reflecting their unique characteristics. The preparation and consumption customs of these dishes have been passed down through generations, from one person to another (Soltānpor, 2019). The food consumed by the majority of the tribe members is primarily derived from the raw materials they produce themselves, the result of the agricultural and livestock efforts of the families within the nomadic communities. The consumption of meat-based dishes is less frequent compared to other foods and is typically prepared for special occasions such as hospitality, mourning, and weddings (Digar, 2008).
From birth to death, the Bakhtiari people adhere to their customs without hesitation. The specific cultural and historical norms of the Bakhtiari tribe play a significant role in fostering solidarity and strengthening family and social ties. Since the Bakhtiaris are not under the control of the central government and resist foreign culture, their customs, including religious practices, traditional rituals, and celebrations, serve as a testament to their cultural and social independence (Ashayari & Colleagues, 2019).
The Bakhtiari people are recognized by language and literature scholars as possessing a remarkable and extensive repertoire of folk language and literature (Shahbazī, 2018). Bakhtiari poetry draws all its themes and imagery from its surroundings, reflecting the intrinsic nature of the tribe and its deep connection to the natural world. Bakhtiari folk poetry, from a genre perspective, stands as one of the most diverse and prevalent forms of folk poetry in Iran, offering immense potential for creative literary tourism. Literary tourism involves tourists seeking to understand various aspects of the literary or artistic life of the destination community (Danani Nia & Eilbeigipour, 2016)
3. Methodology
By reviewing and studying the literature, creative tourism attractions in the life of nomads and their evaluation indicators were extracted. The study's data was collected based on the model of decision matrices (including options and indicators), based on the subjective judgments of a sample of 15 people from the statistical population (with the snowball method). The data obtained by combining the opinions of the sample members were analyzed with Shannon's entropy technique to evaluate the indicators and TOPSIS to prioritize the attractions from the perspective of the host and the guest. TOPSIS is a powerful and technical multi-criteria decision-making method for prioritization by similarity to the ideal answer. In these matrices, creative tourism attractions include handicrafts, music, food and cuisine, nomadic migration, literature, and customs, and the criteria from the guest's point of view are: diversity, uniqueness, opportunity to improve culture, connection with history and Culture, influence on the tourist experience and from the host's point of view are: demand, tourist participation, diversity, Attracting tourists and contribution to the local economy. The scale used in the questionnaire to determine preferences is the 9-point Saati scale.
4. Results
Results indicate that from the host perspective, demand indicators with a weight of 0.280, Attracting tourists with a weight of 0.224, contribution to the local economy with a weight of 0.203, diversity with a weight of 0.194, and tourist participation with a weight of 0.099 are influential in ranking tourist attractions. From the guest perspective, the indicators of influence on the tourist experience with a weight of 0.434, uniqueness with a weight of 0.192, connection with history and culture with a weight of 0.138, diversity with a weight of 0.136, and cultural improvement opportunity with a weight of 0.101 are respectively influential in ranking tourist attractions. Additionally, the results suggest that from the host perspective, handicrafts, food and cuisine, music, customs and traditions, migration architecture, and literature, and the guest perspective, handicrafts, music, food and cuisine, migration architecture, customs and traditions, and literature are the most important creative tourist attractions in nomadic life. As observed, both guest tourists and local host communities agree that nomadic handicrafts are their top priority. Additionally, both groups have placed nomadic literature as their lowest priority.
5. Conclusion
The high priority of handicrafts in the selection of both groups (guests and hosts) is noteworthy. From the guests' perspective, handicrafts provide unique handmade products to tourists, offering them a distinctive experience. On the other hand, hosts are aware of the importance of developing handicrafts in their local economy, which can be seen as an opportunity for employment generation and the promotion of local arts. The secondary importance of music in creative tourist attractions, as perceived by tourists, indicates that Bakhtiari traditional music reflects the culture and identity of this pristine and beautiful region and can attract tourists, contributing to the prosperity and diversity of the region's tourist attractions. Choosing food and cuisine as the second priority for hosts can result in a significant impact on the local economy. Local cuisine is always a complementary experience for tourists, and the local community is aware of this. Nomadic cuisine not only allows tourists to taste various flavors and become familiar with different culinary properties but also presents a significant opportunity for hosts' development through cooking.
The low literature ranking in both groups may indicate a lack of attention to the importance of literature in attracting tourists, which requires further research. Perhaps tourists prefer to focus on other aspects of nomadic life to experience local culture, which is not directly related to literature and poetry. On the other hand, it seems that hosts prefer to focus more on economic aspects rather than cultural ones. The results of this study can play an effective role in enhancing knowledge and attitudes towards the creative tourist attractions of nomadic tribes and contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between guests and hosts in nomadic life. The findings can serve as an effective guide for developing creative tourism in nomadic life.
Ida Envall, Fritjof Fagerlund, Lena Johansson Westholm
et al.
Abstract Background In Sweden there are nearly one million soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs). OWTSs may contribute to eutrophication of surface waters, due to the discharge of phosphorus (P). Hence, in certain cases, a high P removal rate (up to 90%) of OWTSs is required by Swedish authorities. Since these requirements may have costly consequences to property owners, it is debated whether they are too strict. In this debate, it is often claimed that the soil retention of P occurring in the natural environments may be underestimated by authorities. Soil retention is the inhibition of the transport of P through the ground, due to different chemical, physical and biological processes occurring there. These processes make the P transport slower, which may reduce the unwanted impact on receiving water bodies. However, the efficiency of soil retention of P remains unclear. The objective of this systematic map was to collect, code, organise and elucidate the relevant evidence related to the topic, to be able to guide stakeholders through the evidence base, and to support future research synthesising, commissioning, and funding. The systematic map was carried out in response to needs declared by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management but the conclusions should be valid for a wider range of countries across boreo-temperate regions. Methods Searches were made for peer-reviewed and grey literature using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites, and stakeholder contacts. The references were screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. A detailed database of the relevant studies was compiled. Data and metadata that enable evaluation and discussion of the character and quality of the evidence base were extracted and coded. Special focus was placed on assessing if existing evidence could contribute to policy and practice decision making. Descriptive information about the evidence base was presented in tables and figures. An interactive evidence atlas and a choropleth were created, displaying the locations of all studies. Review findings 234 articles out of 10,797 screened records fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These articles contain 256 studies, performed in the field or in the laboratory. Six different study types were identified, based on where the measurements were conducted. Most studies, including laboratory studies, lack replicates. Most field studies are observational case studies. Conclusions It is not possible to derive valid generic measures of the efficiency of soil retention of P occurring in the natural soil environment from available research. Neither does the evidence base allow for answering the question of the magnitude of the potential impact of OWTSs on the P concentration in recipients on a general basis, or under what conditions OWTSs generally have such an impact. A compilation of groundwater studies may provide examples of how far the P may reach in x years, but the number of groundwater studies is insufficient to draw any general conclusions, given the complexity and variability of the systems. Future research should strive for replicated study designs, more elaborate reporting, and the establishment of a reporting standard.
The article is devoted to the analysis of innovative and traditional approaches to engineering education and final qualification work. There is an increased interest in the training of engineering personnel with a high level of professional competencies and ready to perform tasks of a new technological level, not only in the Russian Federation (RF), but throughout the world. The article describes the innovative activities of the Don State Technical University (DSTU). The article presents the types of final qualifying works in accordance with the levels of higher professional education in the Russian Federation, analyzes the structure of the work, language material, style features, draws attention to the difficulties that arise in the process of writing it. The authors pay special attention to the consideration of approaches to solving the problems of professional development engineering students. It is noted that various aspects of the professional environment and real production processes, reflected in the final qualifying work, will allow future engineers to apply the theoretical knowledge gained in practice and solve problems that arise in their professional activities.
This article is focusing on the problem about limit cycles of 2D autonomous dynamics, which is a part of the famous Hilbert’s 16th problem. There are mainly three results on this paper. The first two results discuss the cases with sum of squares of the variables. Through polar substitution and the mathematics analysis on the explicit limit cycle obtained by Cramer’s Rule, the first result reveals the uniqueness and stability of the limit cycle of a specific form for 2D autonomous dynamic system. For the second part of the results, by changing the coefficients of the system of the first result, it is found that the stability of limit cycle remains unchanged on the phase portrait. The third part gives a special polynomial with terms of general odd degrees for Liénard equation, which can be rewritten as a case of 2D autonomous dynamic system. Without explicit expression of the limit cycle, the Poincaré–Bendixson method and the Liénard theorem help to give the conclusion on both uniqueness and stability of this system.
Maryam Faramarzi, Abbas Alemzadeh, Baratali Fakheri
Introduction: The world's population is increasing, and the area of suitable agricultural land is not enough to supply food. Considering the nutritional value of wheat and its role in the food supply, poor soils and salty waters must be used for agriculture to solve the problem of food shortage in the world, so the use of salty waters for irrigation is inevitable in these conditions. Recently, special attention has been paid to the use of growth-promoting bacteria to moderate the effects of salinity. Microbial inoculation is better than other methods to reduce salinity stress because it minimizes production costs and environmental damage. This research was performed to investigate the effect of B. amyloliquefaciens inoculation on proline content, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPx) activities, and protein expression in control and treatment plants.Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse of the School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, to investigate the effect of Bacillus bacteria (PGPR). The first factor was salinity levels (0 and 200 MM), the second factor was an application of bacteria (inoculated and non-inoculated), and the third factor was wheat genotypes (susceptible and resistant). The suspension containing Bacillus bacteria was injected into the soil during the application of salt stress. Twenty-four hours after salinity treatment, the leaves were sampled and used for all laboratory tests, such as measuring the activity of peroxidase enzymes, the amount of proline, and protein concentration. The data were analyzed using SAS software, and protein band pattern comparison was made by the SDS PAGE method.Results: The results showed that using bacteria under salt stress increased the proline and catalase enzyme activity in both sensitive and resistant genotypes. Nevertheless, the peroxidase enzyme did not increase under stress conditions in the resistant cultivar. It also increased the amount of total protein in the susceptible variety. The effect of bacteria on the one Hundred-Seeds weight was not significant, but since the weight of one hundred seeds is one of the growth parameters that hardly changes, the slightest change in it can be effective, which was observed in this project. Finally, applying this bacterium caused changes in the pattern of protein bands in susceptible and resistant cultivars under salinity stress and non-stress conditions. These changes included the removal of the protein band or its higher expression in different stress conditions compared to normal conditions.Conclusion: The plant inoculation by bacteria and its use several times in the roots region of sensitive and resistant wheat has positively affected biochemical properties. Applying these types of bacteria without harming the environment can be a practical method to control salinity stress and maintain optimal yield in salt soils. Control the signals received by the bacteria from the plant and the effects of the bacteria on the growth of the plant by manipulating the bacteria. It can be used as a suitable alternative to the complex and time-consuming methods of gene transfer to the plant.
The article analyzes the main definitions of the problem of teaching children with special
educational needs. Characterized features of the organization of the educational environment for
children with special needs Definitions of the concept of “inclusion” and analyzed the views of
prominent domestic and foreign scientists on the meaning of this term in the education system. It is
analyzed what kind of educational environment can be considered “inclusive”. Defined the most
important factors of managerial activity in educational institutions for children with special needs and
highlighted the main areas of work of the educational institution in the organization inclusive education.
Specified specifics work of a teacher in inclusive education environment. Noted significance an
inclusive educational environment in educational, educational, spiritual, physical development of pupils
and organization of their meaningful leisure and recreation. The important role of the tourism sector in
the development of the modern education system in Ukraine has been determined. The prospects for
further research on the possibility of using various types of tourism are determined the process of
development, training and education children with special needs.
Cognitive development and bilingualism in preschool childhood have recently become the pivotal research issues. This article is a brief review of the major studies covering the problem of how bilingualism influences both cognitive development and academic success in preschool children, as well as whether bilingual education determines the development of executive functions. We paid special attention to the data obtained on the development of executive functions in bilingual and monolingual children that help to understand whether there are any differences between the two groups. Using the international citation databases, we identified the publications of the studies of cognitive development in children under the conditions of bilingualism. The results of the analysis were exported in the VOSviewer environment and visualized as key clusters. The findings of the Russian and foreign studies showing the ambiguity of the connection between mono- and bilingualism in children and their cognitive development were described and compared. Interestingly, the studies in preschool institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) established that bilingualism has a positive effect on the cognitive abilities of children, if the anthropology of the linguistic personality (types of bilingualism) and the multicultural conditions of language interference and transposition are taken into account.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Immersion of foreigners in the Ukrainian linguistic and cultural environment requires the teacher, as a facilitator of this process, to use effective methods and techniques of working with materials of linguistic and sociocultural content, the development of which is an urgent task of modern linguistic didactics. The author considers the linguistic and didactic potential of the Ukrainian cultural concept VYSHYVANKA in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language in the framework of the contemporary educational and methodical paradigm, namely the competence-based approach to learning.
The powerful linguistic and didactic potential of the ethnocultural concept VYSHYVANKA can be used both in the practical course of Ukrainian as a foreign language and in teaching special educational disciplines, particularly with distinct linguocultural and/or scientific components, as well as in students’ research practice. This ethnocultural concept can be an object of research in course papers of philology students and their master theses. When studying a foreign language and culture it is appropriate to use comparative or cross-cultural analysis. This concept plays an important role in forming general communicative competence (in particular, its lexical and grammatical components), intercultural communicative, and linguistic and cultural competences.
The paper offers specific exercises and tasks for the development of the defined competencies in various types of speech activity: 1) for foreign undergraduate students of the philological specialties, students of preparatory departments, and for non-philologist foreigners of all levels of education (the focus is on lexemes with a national and cultural component: vyshyvanka, to embroider, embroidery, etc.); 2) for foreign masters and postgraduate students of philological and cultural specialties (the focus is on the ethnocultural concept VYSHYVANKA, its nominative field, and structure; the particular importance of the value dimension of the concept). The article contains some recommendations on the use of specific song material in classes on Ukrainian as a foreign language (“Two colours”, “Song about a towel”).
Special aspects of education, Philology. Linguistics
The Coronavirus desease-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020 has had a negative impact on the tourism sector, not only reducing the number of visits but also changing the trend of choice of tourist destinations. This study aims to assess people's preferences towards tourist destinations during the pandemic. A survey using a questionnaire was conducted on 90 visitors to the National Flower and Animal Love Day exhibition at the Bogor Botanical Garden. The results of the study found that natural tourism became a trend during the pandemic, reaching 48.9% with the main objective of enjoying a pristine environment, a quiet and calm atmosphere, and cool and fresh air. Botanical gardens have the highest selection index for residents over the age of 50, while zoos, safari parks, national parks and natural parks have the highest selection index for the age group of adolescents to 20 years. Zoos and safari parks were favored by informants from the city, botanical gardens were favored by informants from the village, while national parks and natural parks were favored by both. Extreme tourism activities are preferred by the 31–40-year age group, moderate activities are preferred by the 41–50-year age group, while special interest tourism is preferred by the age group of 50 years and over. There is a trend of male informants liking natural tourism and modern tourism, while female informants like cultural, culinary and religious tourism. Due to changes in preferences for selecting tourist destinations and types of tourist activities, tourism managers are advised to carry out various product innovations or tour packages, visitor services, promotion/marketing, improve visitor facilities adapted to new normal conditions, and continue to implement health protocols.
Charles Bronzo B. Farias, Rita de Cássia F. Soares da Silva, Fabíola Carolina G. Almeida
et al.
Industrial plants powered by heavy oil routinely experience problems with leaks in different parts of the system, such as during oil transport, the lubrication of equipment and mechanical failures. The surfactants, degreasing agents and solvents that make up detergents commonly used for cleaning grease-covered surfaces are synthetic, non-biodegradable and toxic, posing risks to the environment as well as the health of workers involved in the cleaning process. To address this problem, surfactant agents of a biodegradable nature and low toxicity, such as microbial surfactants, have been widely studied as an attractive, efficient solution to replace chemical surfactants in decontamination processes. In this work, the bacterial strains Pseudomonas cepacia CCT 6659, Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP 0992, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 were evaluated as biosurfactant producers in media containing different combinations and types of substrates and under different culture conditions. The biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 cultivated in a mineral medium composed of 5.0% glycerol and 2.0% glucose for 96 h was selected to formulate a biodetergent capable of removing heavy oil. The biosurfactant was able to reduce the surface tension of the medium to 26.40 mN/m, with a yield of approximately 12.00 g/L and a critical micelle concentration of 60.00 mg/L. The biosurfactant emulsified 97.40% and dispersed 98.00% of the motor oil. The detergent formulated with the biosurfactant also exhibited low toxicity in tests involving the microcrustacean Artemia salina and seeds of the vegetable Brassica oleracea. The detergent was compared to commercial formulations and removed 100% of the Special B1 Fuel Oil (OCB1) from different contaminated surfaces, demonstrating potential as a novel green remover with industrial applications.
Valery I Grebenets, Vasily A Tolmanov, Fedor D Iurov
et al.
The specifics of solid waste storage in permafrost were analyzed. The main types of impact of the waste on the natural environment and frozen soils were determined as mechanical, physicochemical, load, and thermal. The research allowed us to define eight main types of waste storage in the permafrost zone, which were different both in terms of waste accumulation and in terms of their impact on the environment in general and the permafrost in particular. These were: industrial waste storage facilities (slag, sludge and tailing dumps, ash dumps); dumps of rock in sites of mining; household waste accumulators; dumps of wood processing waste in the centers of the timber industry; abandoned territories resulting from a decrease in the population of Northern settlements; storage areas for tanks with residues of fuels and lubricants; tank farms for storing petroleum products in settlements and cities of the North; storage areas for contaminated snow exported from built-up areas. Pollution of waste territories and destruction of many ecosystems as a result of waste storage were caused by use of imperfect technologies for the extraction and processing of raw materials, the ‘legacy’ of past years with disregard to the environmental conditions, the lack of special standards for the storage of garbage and by-product industrial materials, undeveloped methods of waste disposal in harsh climatic conditions.
Patrick M. Yates-Jones, Stanislav S. Shabala, Martin G. H. Krause
We have carried out relativistic three-dimensional simulations of high-power radio sources propagating into asymmetric cluster environments. We offset the environment by 0 or 1 core radii (equal to 144 kpc), and incline the jets by 0, 15, or 45° away from the environment centre. The different environment encountered by each radio lobe provides a unique opportunity to study the effect of environment on otherwise identical jets. We find that the jets become unstable towards the end of the simulations, even with a Lorentz factor of 5; they nevertheless develop typical FR II radio morphology. The jets propagating into denser environments have consistently shorter lobe lengths and brighter hotspots, while the axial ratio of the two lobes is similar. We reproduce the recently reported observational anti-correlation between lobe length asymmetry and environment asymmetry, corroborating the notion that observed large-scale radio lobe asymmetry can be driven by differences in the underlying environment.
Understanding design decisions in relation to the future occupants of a building is a crucial part of good design. However, limitations in tools and expertise hinder meaningful human-centric decisions during the design process. In this paper, a novel Spatial Human Accessibility graph for Planning and Environment Analysis (SHAPE) is introduced that brings together the technical challenges of discrete representations of digital models, with human-based metrics for evaluating the environment. SHAPE: does not need labeled geometry as input, works with multi-level buildings, captures surface variations (e.g., slopes in a terrain), and can be used with existing graph theory (e.g., gravity, centrality) techniques. SHAPE uses ray-casting to perform a search, generating a dense graph of all accessible locations within the environment and storing the type of travel required in a graph (e.g., up a slope, down a step). The ability to simultaneously evaluate and plan paths from multiple human factors is shown to work on digital models across room, building, and topography scales. The results enable designers and planners to evaluate options of the built environment in new ways, and at higher fidelity, that will lead to more human-friendly and accessible environments.
Autonomous navigation in dynamic environment heavily depends on the environment and its topology. Prior knowledge of the environment is not usually accurate as the environment keeps evolving in time. Since robot is continuously evaluating the environment as it proceeds, deciding the optimal way to traverse the environment to get to the goal, computationally efficient yet mathematically adaptive navigation algorithms are needed. In this paper, a navigation scheme for mobile robot, capable of dealing with time variant environment is proposed. This approach consists of a global planner (A*) and local planner (VFH) to assure an optimal and collision-free robot motion. The algorithm is tested both in simulation and experimentation in different environments that are known to result in failures in VFH and ROS navigation stack, for comparison purposes. Overall, the algorithm enables the robot to get to the goal faster and also produces a smoother path while doing so.