Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Martina Pavić

Наталія Сорокіна

Нові цілі і підходи до навчання іноземних мов і української як іноземної зокрема, спонукають дидактів і практиків поглянути по-новому на традиційні засоби і методи навчання. У статті розглядається дидактична цінність автентичних художніх текстів для формування міжкультурної комунікативної компетентності студентів. Одним із шляхів інтеграції автентичних художніх матеріалів є контент-орієнтована технологія навчання. У дослідженні, яке проводилося у літньому семестрі 2023, взяли участь 19 студентів-славістів з університету Інсбрука та Ґраца, а також 8 викладачів, які викладають українську та інші слов’янські мови як іноземні в університетах і школах Австрії. Результати проведеного опитування серед студентів-славістів, бесід з викладачами та спостереження за навчальним процесом засвідчили, що використання автентичних художніх текстів в межах контент-орієнтованої технології навчання сприяє розвитку навичок читання, набуттю студентами комунікативного досвіду, культурологічних знань у процесі міжкультурної взаємодії і підвищенню навчальної мотивації.

Vytautas Kardelis

The aim of this article is to propose a model for studying linguistic behavior and dialectality measurement for scientific discussion. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are set: 1) to briefly review and evaluate the previous studies on linguistic attitudes and linguistic behavior, 2) to systematize the methods of data collection and data analysis, 3) to develop a model for studying linguistic behavior and to present dialectality measurement for discussion. The proposed model for studying linguistic behavior and dialectality measurement has been partially verified through an exploratory study, but the results of this study will be discussed in another publication. Now the focus is only on methodological questions. The research model consists of two parts. The first is data collection the second is data analysis. The data collection part consists of two components: 1) selection of informants and 2) formation of a corpus of empirical material. The empirical material corpus formation component consists of five partly independent, partly interrelated points: 1) A questionnaire at the beginning of data collection, 2) Creative tasks, 3) Free conversation, 4) Detailed interview, 5) A questionnaire at the end of data collection. The data analysis part consists of three components: 1) Technical preparation of the recordings (texts) obtained during the creative task, free conversation and detailed interview, 2) Speech analysis, carried out after applying the distribution tables method, and 3) Dialectally measurement and calculating linguistic distance.

Annagiorgia Migliorini

Following in the footsteps of his colleagues and friends of OBĖRIU, Oleinikov created a personal style of poetry and is considered a versatile author who worked as a poet, journalist, and children’s writer. Furthermore, he dedicated himself to cinema and theatre and developed a passion for mathematics, science and philosophy. This article consists of a concise overview of Oleinikov’s biography and poetry with special focus on a selection of poems dedicated to women. The aim of this article is to draw attention to his epigrams, toasts, and poems in which the author pretends to be a desperate lover or a vain suitor, wearing one of his most famous masks, the heartbreaker, in an ironic and comical treatment of romantic love.

M. S. Sheveleva

The article is devoted to the display of the stylistic peculiarities of literary ironic discourse in modern English and French prose. The empirical basis of the research is built on the corpus of text fragments containing ironic statements selected from literary works in English and French. The relevance of the study is accounted for by the insufficient study of the interconnections between verbal components and conceptual background of irony — the mental mechanism of second-order empathy — as well as the need to confirm the status of irony as a speech strategy of encouragement, incentive, self-defense, censure, ridicule, discredit, self-justification, self-representation or self-abasement, which is verbalized in fiction literature, thanks to the involvement of a number of stylistic devices of a semantic and syntactic sense. It is shown that in addition to linguistic means that objectify the conceptual structure of an ironic utterance and deictic units that reveal the order and logic of organizing information at the level of second-order empathy, fictional ironic discourse (both English and French) is brightly colored with figurative and expressive means of language, which actualize through ambiguous, voluminous, image-forming semantics and expressive syntax. In the course of comparative analysis, it has also been found out that the French-language fictional ironic discourse has a higher density of stylistic devices and is more expressive than the English-language one.

Koeva, Svetla

State Predicates: Properties and Linguistic Tests. The study presents linguistic tests for diagnosing Zeno Wendler’s verb classes, illustrated by selected Bulgarian verbs. The tests are divided into three groups, according to grammatical aspectuality, durativity and telicity, and agentivity. The research reveals that tests which rely on semantic compatibility at the lexical level (and not on semantic compatibility between lexical and grammatical level) are applicable for both English and Bulgarian. The research methodology is also based on Emmon Bach’s and David Dowty’s classifications of verb classes in which stage-level and individual-level predicates are distinguished, with a focus on agentivity in Dowty’s approach, as well as on Donald Davidson’s representation of action verbs as predicates with a hidden event argument, which has been refined by Claudia Maienborn to include a formal description of state predicates representing the ontological difference between two kinds of states: state verbs that denote true Davidsonian eventualities (Davidsonian states) and stative verbs that resist a Davidsonian analysis (Kimian states). These theoretical considerations allow to describe states as a heterogeneous class and provide reliable means for distinguishing different types of states.

Languages Editorial Office

The editorial team greatly appreciates the reviewers who have dedicated a considerable amount of time and expertise to the journal’s rigorous editorial process over the past 12 months, regardless of whether the papers have been finally published or not [...]

M. T. Satanar

The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to the insufficient knowledge of the semiotics of the Yakut epos olonkho, and on the other, the need to implement a new paradigm of modern science, which involves the convergence of scientific knowledge. It is noted that the fundamental categories in the worldview are the modes of space and time, which in total lead to another mode of being - a chronotope. The subject of this article is the codes of cosmological mythology in the texts of the epic olonkho from the perspective of a peculiar spatio-temporal organization of the epic world of olonkho. The purpose of the study is to decode the elements of mythology, as a result of which “compressed” messages about scientific knowledge that indicate the existence of a single source of typology of culture are found. Particular attention is paid to the variety of codes, the rules for their emergence, taking into account the national characteristics of language and thinking. A systematic approach to the subject of study, structural-semiotic analysis, methods of review and description are used in the study. The novelty of the study is in an attempt to partially solve the problem of the disunity of two types of cultures (folklore and fundamental laws of nature) in the context of a general typology of culture. This study indicates the prospects for further consideration and definition of the elements of a peculiar symbolic-semiotic system of space-time organization in the texts of the Yakut epos olonkho.

Глеб Петрович Пилипенко, Мария Владимировна Ясинская

В статье публикуются собранные авторами за последние четыре года в разных экспедициях (Белоруссия, Польша, Словения, Италия, Аргентина, Уругвай) нарративы о Второй мировой войне на славянских языках. Представлены тексты на русском, белорусском, украинском, польском и словенском языках. О войне рассказывают как участники событий, так и те, кто родился уже после войны. Цитирование Пилипенко Г. П., Ясинская М. В. Воспоминания о Второй мировой войне (по материалам полевых исследований 2016–2019 гг. в Белоруссии, Польше, Словении, Италии, Аргентине и Уругвае) // Славянский альманах. 2020. Вып. 3–4. С. 541–559. DOI: 10.31168/2073-5731.2020.3-4.6.02

Vesela Stankova

This paper will focus on several sources from Scandinavia and the Balkans, and compare the types of genealogies portrayed in them – descent from gods, descent from another kind of supernatural being, descent from a legendary hero. The paper will examine the types of genealogies and the purpose they serve; how and why they were commissioned? Is there a difference in the establishment of the image of the ruler if the latter has descended from gods, legendary heroes, or a specific clan or dynasty? Does Christianity change the tradition of writing genealogies and the stories they retell? Are personal qualities enough to provide legitimate claims?

Анна Абрамовна Пичхадзе

The notion of the ‘Preslav redaction’ of the Church Slavonic Gospel, i. e. the full lectionary of the Preslav type, must be based on the distinctive readings shared by all the earliest manuscripts of this redaction. However, an analysis of places where the earliest manuscripts diverge is also necessary. This paper examines a number of such discrepancies and shows that at different points, the distribution of variant readings in the manuscripts differs. A particular group of manuscripts is singled out has having some readings resulting from correction against the Greek, but it is not clear whether these variants go back to the common source of the full lectionary of the Preslav type or have arisen due to a later revision. Interestingly, the same group provides evidence of the interventions of a Russian editor in the text. Textual discrepancies among manuscripts are characteristic not only of the Gospel manuscripts of the Preslav type, but of the Preslav redactions of the Church Slavonic Psalter and Apostolos as well. A comparative study of the Preslav redactions of the Gospel, Apostolos and Psalter could probably be beneficial for further investigation.

Vittorio S. Tomelleri

The present paper features a brief history of the transcription-transliteration system that the academician Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr created on the basis of the Roman alphabet, with the addition of sublinear and supralinear marks, at the end of the 19th century. Originally devised for the graphic representation of Georgian and Armenian languages, after further development it was applied to the graphic rendition of all Caucasian languages, which were considered to form a single language family, called Japhetic. Further, in 1926 a variant of it was adapted to the consonant-rich Abkhaz and introduced as its official alphabet; because of its too complicated character, however, it was replaced two years later by a more suitable Latin-based alphabet. Like the whole linguistic activity of its creator, this system, which was differently labeled (Japhetidological transcription, analytical alphabet, Abkhaz analytical alphabet), offers a quite interesting overview of the theoretical issues that were on the agenda in the twenties and thirties. Strongly criticized by famous exponents of Soviet linguistics (among them E. D. Polivanov and N. F. Yakovlev), the Abkhaz analytical alphabet can be only partially considered as Marr’s personal contribution to the Latinisation movement during the cultural revolution. Our analysis tries to highlight the correlation between the cultural climate change after the October revolution and the ideological interpretation and epistemological evolution of Marr’s analytical alphabet.

N A Kuznetsova

The following article is the research of the trends in anglicism codifications used in glossy editions and various spanish dictionaries («DRAE», «Clave», «Diccionario de Anglicismos», «DPD»). The paper analyses the usage of borrowings in female magazines according to the rules prescribed by dictionaries.

Иван Н. Петров

Paweł Próchniak

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ＭＳ 明朝'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-language: PL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The outline presents a comprehensive interpretation of the poem <em>The Second Coming </em>by William Butler Yeats.</span>

Регина Чичинскайте

MIRTIS KAIP GYVENIMO PROBLEMA (JURIJUS LOTMANAS, ROLANDAS PAVILIONIS, ALEKSANDRAS PIATIGORSKIS) Regina Čičinskaitė Santrauka Straipsnyje apžvelgiami trijų mąstytojų – literatūros istoriko, struktūralisto, semiotiko Jurijaus Lotmano, logiko, filosofo Rolando Pavilionio ir filosofo Alek­sandro Piatigorskio pamąstymai, užfiksuoti jų dar­buose, parašytuose prieš mirtį. Mirtis čia suvokiama ne turinio (pomirtinio gyvenimo perspektyvos) pras­me, o kaip formalus objektas-ženklas (R. Pavilionis), kuris išsiskiria žmogų supančioje aplinkoje ir kurio neįmanoma nepaisyti, kai gyveni, mąstai ir kuri. Mir­ties simbolis, būdamas neskaidrus, nepermatomas, neaprašomas iš fenomenologinės paties subjekto pozicijos, skirtingai įprasmina gyvenimą ir tekstus. Gyvenime mirtis suvokiama kaip fatališkas, neišven­giamas ir nebegrąžinamai panardinantis žmogų į ne­būtį reiškinys (į religinius kontekstus nagrinėjamuo­se darbuose neatsižvelgiama). Literatūros kūrinyje mirties akivaizdoje, pasak J. Lotmano, atsiveria ga­limybės suteikti personažui įvairių pasirinkimų, to­dėl itin svarbios tampa kūrinių pradžios ir pabaigos. Labai įdomiai ir netikėtai visi trys mąstytojai spren­džia subjekto statuso keliant prasmės problemą mir­ties akivaizdoje klausimą. Radikaliausiai pasisako A. Piatigorskis ir R. Pavilionis. A. Piatigorskis išėji­mą pasitikti mirties įvardija kaip pažintinio pokalbio nutraukimą, pasinėrimą į autorefleksiją, žmogiškojo statuso kitų akyse praradimą. Nustodamas būti žmo­gumi, subjektas tampa asmeniniu įvardžiu – „aš“. Tas „aš“ autorefleksijos dėka tampa išoriniu stebė­toju, liudininku. Susidaro toks įspūdis, kad filosofas taip mato ir pasikeitusį autoriaus statusą – mylintį autorių (M. Bachtino koncepcija) keičia keistas au­torius, išorinis stebėtojas. R. Pavilionis kelia asmens, „aš“ tapatumo problemą, gilinasi į „aš“ ar aš prasmę ir prieina išvadą, kad jokio vientiso „aš“ ar aš tiesiog nėra, o yra skirtingi semantiniai ir fiziniai subjektai, kurie ir sudaro individą. Skirtingais laiko tarpsniais aktualizuojamas tik vienas iš semantinių ir fizinių individų ir tik atminties, tarsi Ariadnės, siūlas juos sąlygiškai suriša. Kai į nebūtį išeina, „aš“, vėl gims­ta žmogus, kurį prisimename arba užmirštame. Yra dar ir kita alternatyva – gyventi taip, kaip gyvenama romane, tuomet autorius gali suteikti personažui dar vieną galimybę (o gal ir ne vieną) ištaisyti klaidas ir išeiti ramiam.

D. Abrahamse

J. Conrad

Marko Juvan

Kalenić Vatroslav