Jeorge Luis Martins de Oliveira, Roberto Muhájir Rahnemay Rabbani, Sandra Adriana Neves Nunes
et al.
Este estudo apresenta uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir de pesquisas nas bases de dados SciELO, Web of Science e Scopus. O objetivo da revisão foi analisar a construção e a relação dos indicadores de vulnerabilidade com as temáticas socioambientais e socioeconômicas, bem como destacar a importância desses indicadores como ferramenta para o planejamento e gestão, apontando suas limitações em diferentes cenários. Foram extraídos 35 artigos, dentre eles, 7 artigos estavam relacionados a revisões sistemáticas, 16 abordaram a construção de indicadores de vulnerabilidade com a temática socioeconômica e 12 artigos apresentaram índices de vulnerabilidade socioambiental. A maioria dos artigos apresenta uma abordagem quantitativa, utilizando técnicas estatísticas como análise fatorial e análise de componentes principais. Os resultados da revisão destacam a importância dos indicadores de vulnerabilidade social como ferramenta para o planejamento e gestão, porém também apontam as limitações desses indicadores em diferentes cenários. Além disso, o estudo ressalta a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar nas dimensões relativas à vulnerabilidade social.
This research explores how Indonesia and Türkiye construct their foreign policies. This research uses Lene Hansen’s discourse analysis model to closely observe how critical events in global politics, especially after 9/11, influence foreign policymakers throughout the world, especially foreign policymakers in Indonesia and Türkiye. Even though Indonesia and Türkiye had positioned themselves in different positions throughout the Cold War, both countries tried to form new doctrines for their foreign policies as they democratize themselves. To examine this construction, this study will focus on analyzing discourse as one of the instruments used in shaping foreign policy. Using official speeches and statements as primary sources for the discourse analysis, this research shows that one of the discourses that were frequently emphasized in Indonesian and Turkish foreign policy during the 2000s is the discourse of ‘democracy’. From the perspective of Indonesian and Turkish foreign policymakers, the discourse of ‘democracy’ has been placed as one of the core discourses in the process of foreign policy formation of both countries. This discourse has also played a crucial role in determining the regional and global politics of both countries.
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc.
Desde hace más de una década, China ha sido un actor clave en la relación comercial y política con América Latina. ¿Qué ha motivado la presencia China en América Latina? ¿Y cuáles son los cambios y las continuidades a lo largo del tiempo? Este trabajo ha abordado estas cuestiones desde una perspectiva histórica. Adoptando una metodología deductiva, el análisis señala que los Cinco Principios de Coexistencia Pacífica y la política de Una Sola China han mantenido su coherencia y relevancia en la relación exterior china con América Latina. Al mismo tiempo, se ha identificado cuatro cambios notables: 1) se ha pasado de la indiferencia ideológica inicial a un compromiso económico cada vez más fuerte; 2) se ha producido una transición del auge de las materias primas a un portafolio más diversificado con un mayor énfasis en la tecnología y la innovación; 3) China ha pasado de ser un N
orm-Taker a un N
orm-Maker en el escenario internacional; 4) se ha pasado de un enfoque predominantemente bilateral a uno más multilateral.
Despite concerns over the discipline’s state of ‘fragmentation’, there is no systematic empirical analysis of how this theoretical proliferation is driven by ‘importing’ from other fields. This paper attempts to fill this gap by analysing data collected from American, European, British and Japanese journals during 2011–2015. It argues that interdisciplinary relations are not only fuelling theoretical proliferation in the field but are also creating distinct directions for IR scholarship: a new ‘transatlantic divide’ between sub-disciplinary specialisation and broadening of the disciplinary contours in the English-speaking ‘core’, continued compliance with theoretical and methodological unity of the field in the non-English-speaking ‘semi-periphery’ and parts of the ‘periphery’, and a full embrace of interdisciplinarity in other parts of the ‘periphery’. These images each symbolise the direction that IR as a discipline is (or should be) heading, which will also imply a shift in what gets accepted as ‘IR’ in the coming decades.
Türkiye 12 Eylül 1980 ihtilalinden itibaren güvenlik algılarında dönüşümü tecrübe ederek yaşamış, kimi zaman tabi olduğu yapının kimi zaman da iç güvenlik bağlamında güvenliğin kavramsal ve pratik dönüşümüne tabi olmuştur. Yapısal faktörlerin dikte koşullar ve çarpan etkisi yaratan kısıtları veya yönlendirmeleri istikametinde iç ve bölgesel sorunlar ile tecrübe edilen fiili dönüşüm Türkiye’yi temposu gittikçe artan güvenlikleştirme sarmalına tabi kılmıştır. Önceleri güvenliğini yapının teminatları ile sağlamaya çalışan Türkiye, yapıdaki dönüşüm karşısında geleneksel güvenlik okumalarını terk etme ihtiyacı hissetmiştir. Bu çerçevede iktidarlara veya bölgesel/yapısal dönüşümlere bağlı olarak Türkiye, sırasıyla; uluslararası yapıya endeksli, doğrudan tehditlere mukabelede bulunan ve pro-aktif bir güvenlik stratejisi izlemeye itmiştir. Türkiye’nin güvenliği deruhte etmede izlediği yöntem dış dünyada ‘yayılmacı’ olarak algılanmıştır. Ancak yeni dönemde kavramlar güvenlik olaylarını açıklamada geç kalmakta ve devlet dışı aktörlerin de yer olduğu yeni yapıda devlet aktörlerin güvenlikleştirme süreçlerinde sert – yumuşak tehditlere yönelik çok katmanlı, esnek ve alternatifli olmasını gerektirmektedir. Araştırmada Türk siyasi tarihinin modern dönüm noktaları esas alınarak bahse konu güvenlik algısı dönüşümü incelenmiş ve modern dönemde tercih edilen güvenlikleştirmeye yönelik değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Sanjad Nelson, Pataca Ermelinda, Santos Rafael Rogério Nascimento dos
This article gives visibility to Amazonian indigenous peoples in the global process of plant circulation and associated knowledge. The first part highlights the indigenous role in cultivating and collecting native plants, and in the processing of natural products over the second half of the eighteenth century. The second part shows that these activities were influenced by internal colonial dynamics, as well as by international relations. The case of the ayapana herb is analysed in detail. This plant became known worldwide at the beginning of the nineteenth century thanks to the interactions among indigenous knowledge, Portuguese colonial politics and the performance of military and naturalists of different nationalities. Examples like this show that, in the process of building botany, which occurred concurrently with the globalization of plants, indigenous peoples provided not only specimens that circulated around the world, but also knowledge related to cultivation, transportation and uses.
Los análisis existentes sobre la creación del Consejo de Defensa Suramericano (CDS) se basan en variables vinculadas al poder, ponderando el liderazgo brasileño, en un contexto de fuerte asimetría con respecto a Argentina. Nuestro trabajo relativiza dichas variables en virtud de sus limitaciones, para subrayar los factores ideacionales que intervinieron en la construcción de un modelo de seguridad regional. A partir del constructivismo y la conceptualización de las comunidades epistémicas analizamos la influencia de factores ideacionales sobre la formación de los intereses nacionales de Brasil y Argentina con respecto a la cooperación regional en defensa, identificando la manera en que, desde la democratización, las ideas de un conjunto de actores dieron forma a las identidades estratégicas. Para esto se reconstruyen los respectivos procesos de formulación de las políticas de defensa, con énfasis en los actores involucrados en cada país y el diálogo entre ellos. El argumento central es que para entender tanto la creación como las características del CDS deben tenerse en cuenta las coincidencias entre ambas identidades estratégicas: la argentina, en torno al modelo defensivo y la seguridad cooperativa, y la brasileña, alrededor del modelo disuasorio y el rol de jugador global.
Este artículo, que es el resultado de una tesis doctoral en el campo de Estudios Estratégicos Internacionales, tiene como objetivo discutir y analizar de manera crítica y cartográfica la migración internacional africana hacia Brasil durante el gobierno de Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). El texto también analiza el caso específico de los flujos de los senegaleses y otros grupos de África Occidental y su inserción en la sociedad brasileña a la luz de los elementos de agregación social, tratamiento estatal y perspectivas ante la nueva Ley de Migración.
In the current era of globalization and internationalization where economic, social and cultural developments have caused international relations to be infinite which can lead to civil disputes which give rise to the meeting of legal systems of countries in the world that have their own characteristics related to International Private Law. Hopefully there will not be many problems that arise if disputes over different citizenship civilizations are resolved through Alternative dispute resolution. Although when the Al forum decision on alternative dispute resolution was not carried out voluntarily by the parties affected by the execution, the execution of such decisions became the competence of the district court. Especially if the arbitration forum ruling was dropped outside Indonesia, then when the decision is to obtain recognition and execution within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Indonesia, the decision must first obtain an exequature from the Chair of the Central Jakarta District. Court. But the situation will be different if the dispute is not resolved through Alternative dispute resolution but is left to the court authorities to resolve it, it will be different.
The topics of the present investigation are examination of the differences and coincidences of the punctuation rules in Spanish and Russian, presentation of the punctuation marks characteristics of the texts of different speech styles, analysis of their important paper in the SFL.