Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Anna Rita Corvino, Elpidio Maria Garzillo, Daniele Guida et al.

Healthcare workers, particularly those in training, face significant exposure to biological risks, including needlestick and sharps injuries, which remain a critical occupational hazard. This study examines the incidence and nature of such injuries among young healthcare trainees at the University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli,” with the aim of providing useful information for designing an effective preventive program. From 2014 to 2023, a study population of 14,908 health students was subject to health surveillance, of which 141 workers suffered an occupational injury. Needlestick injuries were most common (67.4%). Surgical residents were the most affected subgroup (24.8%). Injuries occurred more frequently after the first year of training (74.5%). Multivariate logistic regression showed significantly higher odds of injury for nursing students (OR = 8.673; 95% CI: 3.196–35.634) and residents (OR = 50.726; 95% CI: 17.789–214.279) compared to medical students. The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced risk management strategies, targeted education programs, and stricter adherence to safety regulations to protect this vulnerable population.

Christian Paul, Pablo Sanz Ruiz, Muhamed Zeneli et al.

In cemented endoprosthetics, closed prepacked mixing systems represent the most advanced generation of cementing technology. (1) Background: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate four approved prepacked systems—Palacos^® R+G pro, SmartMix™ Cemvac GHV, Optipac^® Refobacin and Cemex^® System Genta—with a focus on practical handling and intraoperative hygiene. (2) Method: The systems were evaluated according to established standard test methods for bone cements (ISO 5833), including dough time, setting time, additional mechanical tests and the level of system closure. (3) Results: The results show that all systems are safe to use and meet the general requirements, but there are relevant differences in terms of intraoperative hygiene. The Palacos R+G pro system shows significantly shorter doughing and setting times, which helps to minimize wound exposure during surgery and thus significantly reduces the overall operating time and the risk of bacterial contamination. Two of the systems cannot be classified as completely closed “pre-packaged systems.” In two cases, the system must be temporarily opened before mixing to insert the mixing element, which may result in a temporary but clinically relevant impairment of sterility and a corresponding potential risk of contamination. (4) Conclusion: From a hygienic point of view, systems that remain completely closed throughout the entire preparation process can offer advantages in terms of infection prevention. This was the case for all systems tested. Short handling times, reduced exposure of the surgical site and a shorter overall duration of the procedure could further improve intraoperative safety and reduce the risk of contamination. In terms of intraoperative hygiene, the Palacos R+G pro system achieved the best results compared to the three other systems tested due to its rapid readiness for use and comparatively short setting time (according to ISO 5833). Cemex System Genta performed worst in this respect due to its late doughing time and setting time.

Gerardo Junco Romero

Resumen Introducción: La evolución y el avance de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones han permitido que la educación a distancia alcance un notable desarrollo. En correspondencia con esto, esta modalidad docente, vista como tecnología educativa, contribuye al perfeccionamiento profesional de académicos y del capital humano en general; no obstante, su desarrollo no siempre ha estado acompañado de una estrategia de formación para que los responsables de gestionarla puedan desarrollar habilidades que les permitan insertarse en los sistemas de aprendizajes basados en formas no presenciales con la utilización de estas tecnologías. Objetivos: Presentar aspectos esenciales y necesarios para desarrollar un proceso de capacitación eficiente a través de las tecnologías de la información y mostrar las ventajas y limitaciones que ofrece el empleo de este tipo de modalidad. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis documental a partir de información recuperada en materiales impresos (artículos en revistas especializadas, tesis de grado, entre otros), búsquedas en Internet, así como el empleo de la observación personal del autor en la valoración de la práctica al implementar este tipo de modalidad. Resultados: Conjunto de elementos necesarios para la implementación de procesos de capacitación regidos por la modalidad a distancia empleando para ellos las tecnologías de la información. Conclusiones: El uso de la educación a distancia no solo es una alternativa académica, sino que se trata de la opción que aporta un mayor grado de socialización del conocimiento, así como su alto impacto en el desarrollo paralelo de habilidades cognitivas propias del autodidactismo. Abstract Introduction: The evolution and advance in information and communication technologies have allowed distance education to reach a remarkable development. Correspondingly, this teaching modality, seen as an educational technology, contributes to the professional improvement of scholars and the human capital in general; however, its development has not always been accompanied by a training strategy so that those responsible for managing it can develop skills that allow them to insert themselves in learning systems based on non–face-to-face modalities with the use of these technologies. Objectives: To present essential and necessary aspects to develop an efficient training process through information technologies and to show the advantages and limitations offered by the use of this type of modality. Methods: A documental analysis was carried out upon the base of information retrieved from printed materials (articles in specialized journals, diploma papers, among others), Internet searches, as well as the use of the author's personal observation in the evaluation of the practice activity when implementing this type of modality. Results: A set of elements necessary for the implementation of training processes governed by the distance modality using information technologies. Conclusions: The use of distance education is not only an academic alternative, but also an option that provides a higher degree of knowledge socialization, as well as it impacts greatly on the parallel development of cognitive skills typical of autodidacticism.

María Antonieta Ortega Santamaría

Este artículo responde a la invitación de la Editora y el Comité Editorial de la Revista Ocupación Humana, para la publicación del número especial de celebración de los 50 años de fundación de la organización científica y gremial de las y los terapeutas ocupacionales de Colombia. Recoge las memorias, análisis y reflexiones al futuro de la terapeuta ocupacional María Antonieta Ortega Santamaría, quien tuvo a su cargo la presidencia de la Asociación Colombiana de Terapia Ocupacional -ACTO  en dos periodos consecutivos, 1988 a 1990 y 1990 a 1992. Este y los demás textos de expresidentas que hacen parte de este número especial están llenos de la fortaleza, energía y proyección de sus autoras y de nuestra profesión. Resultan, entonces, en un importante y significativo testimonio histórico de lo que hemos construido y de la inmensa y poderosa tarea que tiene el Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional para continuar construyendo y respondiendo a los retos del ser ocupacional – personales, colectivos y sociales –, del país, la región y el mundo. 

María Elizabeth Fonseca Villamarín, Yenny Marcela Morera Niño

La Terapia Ocupacional social y política, en Colombia, es una realidad. Trascender el modelo de atención restaurativo, intramural y basado en el hacer individual, para continuar construyendo identidad profesional sobre contextos sociales cambiantes, permite enriquecer el abordaje de la ocupación humana como determinante histórico que puede condicionar la estructura misma de una sociedad. Las ocupaciones cobran relevancia como determinantes sociales, no solo desde el ámbito sanitario sino en su relación con el bienestar, los derechos y el ejercicio de la ciudadanía de las personas; los indicadores de equidad social; el fomento del capital social y del desarrollo humano. El desarrollo histórico de la Terapia Ocupacional brinda herramientas para comprender y ampliar esta perspectiva emergente y ligarla con una nueva visión donde los fenómenos políticos, sociales, económicos y culturales y sus consecuencias son multicausales y se manifiestan de diversas maneras en las personas, los grupos, los contextos y la ocupación.

Sunarsieh Sunarsieh, Paulina Paulina

Introduction: Environmental factors such as vibration can affect work fatigue. The previous research results showed that there was a relation between vibration and fatigue, with the use of ergonomic seats by bus drivers. Then conducting experimental research on making ergonomic seat padding made from coconut fiber to reduce the level of vibration and driver fatigue was investigated. The purpose of this research was to analyze the differences in seating vibrations and the bus driver fatigue who did not use a padding seat and one who used it. Methods: The research design was experimental. The research subjects were 42 bus drivers. The vibration intensity was measured using a vibrometer and work fatigue was measured using a reaction timer, then the data were analyzed by T-test. Results: Based on research results the vibration of bus drivers who did not use seat padding was greater than those who did (p=0.001). Those who used seat padding had lower mean fatigue than drivers who did not use it (p=0.001). Conclusion: Vibration and work fatigue in bus drivers who did not use a padding seat was greater than those who used it and the difference was statistically significant. The use of ergonomic seating for bus drivers was very useful for reducing vibration.

Margarita Gonzalez, Ritchard Ledgerd

La Federación Mundial de Terapeutas Ocupacionales se une a la celebración de los cincuenta años del Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional

Tomoki Takeda, Shotaro Yamano, Yuko Goto et al.

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Adeeb Sidani, J. Duarte, J. Santos Baptista et al.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is used in construction projects to improve efficiency. In general, it improves project management and monitoring, reduces time and costs, strengthens collaboration among stakeholders, and reduces risks and injuries. Sensor technologies with various functionalities are being implemented in the construction site. Technologies such as tracking workers and transmitting real-time site inspections to support the BIM tools in various fields are being used. To evaluate sensor technologies’ usability and effectiveness in Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) sector, a literature review adapting PRISMA Statement is proposed. Consequently, this document represents a complementary manuscript as a PRISMA Protocol (PRISMA-P). Relevant articles are collected from top electronic databases in the construction field. This review aims to investigate the sensor connected BIM models and the technologies being utilised in the AECO sector, investigating the targeted groups, construction field, and the system architectures being used. Furthermore, the study will examine the case studies of the implemented sensors to evaluate each technology’s effectiveness. Finally, the reliability of the tools and future proposals is projected.

Hera Yulinanda Pratiwi

PT. X bergerak dalam bidang industri agrokimia yang terus melakukan pengembangan, perbaikan dan modifikasi terhadap pabrik dan sarana pendukungnya dengan menunjuk perusahaan kontraktor/ subkontraktor sebagai pelaksana pekerjaan. Untuk memastikan bahwa proyek yang dikerjaan oleh kontraktor menerapkan norma-norma keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, PT.X menerapkan Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) yang dituangkan dalam Prosedur SMT-KKK-26. Akan tetapi masih terdapat beberapa kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi pada pekerja kontraktor. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap pelaksanaan CSMS yang telah dituangkan dalam SMT-KKK-26 PT.X dengan menggunakan siklus PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode observasional dengan analisa data deskriptif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PT. X, Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Waktu penelelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Maret 2017. Kemudian data yang telah diperoleh akan dianalisis dalam bentuk narasi deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan siklus PDCA. Pada prosedur SMT-KKK-26 diatur proses pengadaan jasa dengan menerapkan tahapan-tahapan CSMS yang dilaksanakan oleh beberapa departemen. Tahapan tersebut meliputi identifikasi risiko, pra kualifikasi, seleksi yang termasuk ke dalam proses perencanaan (Plan), pra-pekerjaan dan pelaksanaan pekerjaan sebagai wujud dari implementasi (Do) dan pemeriksaan (Check), serta evaluasi akhir pekerjaan sebagai Action. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan terhadap penerapan Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) di PT. X dapat disimpulkan bahwa CSMS yang dilaksanakan pada PT.X tersebut telah menerapkan kaidah siklus Deming, ­Plan-Do-Check-Action. Akan tetapi terdapat beberapa hal dalam SMT-KKK-26 mengenai prosedur penerapan aspek K3 dan LH pada pengadaan jasa yang belum berjalan secara optimal, sehingga diperlukan perbaikan yang berkelanjutan.

Agustina Agustina, Mulyono Mulyono

Occupational health and safety is mandatory for every worker. Various tools and advanced technology to simplify and speed up an industrial activity, however these activities also have negative impacts which may cause harm to workers. The purpose of this study was to identify the Hazards, Assessment and Risk Management Section Mini Bus (body) in PT Mekar Armada Jaya Magelang Work Accident Prevention. The study was conducted in PT Mekar Armada Jaya Magelang at Jl Mayjen Bambang Soegeng No. 7, Magelang- Central Java. This research was carried out for 8 weeks starting on August 22, 2016 until October 14, 2016. This type of research is observational with cross sectional study. Primary data obtained by observation. While secondary data obtained from the company. The results of this research are largely derived from the potential danger of equipment and working environment and risks to each post terdentifikasi work almost the same as the activity and the equipment used. The conclusion is that there is a risk of potential hazards in PT Mekar Armada Jaya Magelang. So we recommend a special welding training for the regular welder, periodic health examinations and provide cover protector as well as provide smoking areas ( in units ) that separate from the main work sites. Keywords: hazard identification, risk assessment and control of mini bus

Martin Wiemann, Ursula G. Sauer, Antje Vennemann et al.

In vitro prediction of inflammatory lung effects of well-dispersed nanomaterials is challenging. Here, the in vitro effects of four colloidal amorphous SiO2 nanomaterials that differed only by their primary particle size (9, 15, 30, and 55 nm) were analyzed using the rat NR8383 alveolar macrophage (AM) assay. Data were compared to effects of single doses of 15 nm and 55 nm SiO2 intratracheally instilled in rat lungs. In vitro, all four elicited the release of concentration-dependent lactate dehydrogenase, β-glucuronidase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and the two smaller materials also released H2O2. All effects were size-dependent. Since the colloidal SiO2 remained well-dispersed in serum-free in vitro conditions, effective particle concentrations reaching the cells were estimated using different models. Evaluating the effective concentration–based in vitro effects using the Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials, all four nanomaterials were assigned as “active.” This assignment and the size dependency of effects were consistent with the outcomes of intratracheal instillation studies and available short-term rat inhalation data for 15 nm SiO2. The study confirms the applicability of the NR8383 AM assay to assessing colloidal SiO2 but underlines the need to estimate and consider the effective concentration of such well-dispersed test materials.

Tatyane Soriano Gonçalves Diniz da Silva, Miryam Bonadiu Pelosi

<strong>Introdução</strong>: O brincar é fundamental para o desenvolvimento da criança. Brincando ela desenvolve os sentidos, adquire habilidades, amplia suas experiências e descobertas, e potencializa a criatividade, a inteligência e a sociabilidade. Na clínica de Terapia Ocupacional, o brincar é visto como um recurso terapêutico e uma ocupação fundamental na vida da criança, podendo ser avaliado a partir do referencial teórico do Modelo Lúdico. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: Analisar a evolução do comportamento lúdico e a percepção da família sobre o desenvolvimento de uma criança de 2 anos e 5 meses, com síndrome de Down, que foi acompanhada pela Terapia Ocupacional, em uma brinquedoteca terapêutica por 18 meses. <strong>Método:</strong> Estudo com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, realizado com o auxílio da Avaliação do Comportamento Lúdico, Entrevista Inicial com os Pais, Ficha de Avaliação do Serviço de Terapia Ocupacional e evoluções dos atendimentos. <strong>Resultados</strong>: Os dados mostraram evolução do interesse geral e lúdico, capacidade lúdica e atitude lúdica, mas com menor evolução na habilidade de expressão. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: Com base no referencial teórico do Modelo Lúdico, foi possível compreender o comportamento lúdico da criança estudada, planejar os atendimentos terapêuticos ocupacionais e avaliar seu desenvolvimento e as contribuições do trabalho realizado na brinquedoteca.

L. Franzi, Angela L. Linderholm, Michelle Rabowsky et al.

Karina Wahyu Andriani

Fatigue is one of the causes of accidents. According Setyawati (2010) fatigue shown to contribute more than 60% in the event of an accident. This reseacrh was conducted to determine the relationship of the individual characteristics, noise and air temperature with subjective fatigue. Fatigue can be caused by various factors of education, health, habits, motivation, temperature, radiation, and humidity to the air and noise work environment. reseacrh observational descriptive with cross sectional approach. The number of samples this study were 45 people, were taken by simple random sampling. The independent variables were age, noise and air temperature. The dependent variable of this study was fatigue. The statistical test used chi-square test. Primary data were obtained from interviews and measurements directly. Measurements were taken at two locations new office and workshop 9. The results of this study showed that 45 respondents (88.90%) had mild fatigue, and 5 respondents (11.10%) experienced moderate fatigue. All respondents who experienced fatigue being exposed to noise and temperature exceeding the standarize. The conclusion from this study is there is no significant relationship between noise (p = 0.31) and air temperature (p = 0.41) with subjective fatigue. While age with subjective fatigue have a significant relationship with the value (p = 0.61). Advice for company made policy so workers over 40 years old can be get jobs that match their abilities. Keywords: age, noise, temperature, fatigue

Clara Duarte Cuervo

N. Tarrant

J. Howard, Steven C. Smith

In 1970, Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act (“OSH Act”) which established a national system for workplace safety and health standards development, standards enforcement and consultative assistance under the administrative implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The OSH Act imposes duties on employers to comply with OSHA's safety and health standards under a system of civil and criminal sanctions, and provides for a number of employee inspection participation and anti-discrimination rights. The OSH Act also established the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to conduct research that would inform OSHA about emerging workplace safety and health risks. The chapter provides an overview of the major provisions of the OSH Act as they have been administratively implemented by OSHA and judicially interpreted by the courts in the years since its enactment with an emphasis on OSHA's health standards that are used in the practice of industrial hygiene. Keywords: standard; permissible exposure limit (PEL); judicial review; inspection; warrant; violation; citation; civil penalty; criminal penalty; Review Commission; NIOSH; state plan

H. Hartmann, G. Rindermann, C. Siegling-Vlitakis et al.

There has been insufficient research into CO2 stunning with regard to its effect on pigs being slaughtered. This lack of knowledge may be at least partly responsible for the partial rejection of CO2-stunning methods. During routine slaughter work, 598 pigs (average carcase weight: 94 kg) were evaluated. The stunning procedure was carried out in industrial stunning chambers with 90% CO2 by volume and an exposure time of either 120 or 90 s. The corneal reflex response was evaluated immediately prior to bleeding in order to determine the depth of narcosis. Blood was taken at slaughter (slaughter blood) to determine the partial pressure of breathing gases and the acid-base status. We found that CO2 stunning mainly produced hypoxaemia, but also normoand hyperoxaemia, in arteriovenous slaughter blood. No further positive reflex responses occurred at a pO2 threshold of ≤ 1.6 kPa. PCO2 increased to values of 40 kPa and above. This extreme hypercapnia resulted in a decrease of the slaughter blood pH with values of less than 7.00 (ie, strong respiratory acidosis). Starting with threshold values from pCO2 > 23 kPa and pH < 6.85, stunned pigs revealed only a few or no positive reflex responses, respectively. The non-respiratory Stewart-variable serum [SID3] was elevated to alkaline values of 65 mmol L−1 and above, in comparison to the normal values of 45 (± 2) mmol L−1. We conclude that the use of cut-off points such as the pH and/or pO2 in routine sampling of slaughter animals (eg by application of ion-sensitive electrodes) would establish the depth of narcosis in pigs destined for slaughter. The efficiency of monitoring could thereby be improved during slaughter, in line with the demands of animal welfare.