Officially launched in June 1930, the Mystery League series, which was contemporary with the most famous Doubleday Doran Crime Club in the United States, Le Masque in France, and Il Giallo Mondadori in Italy, ranked among the most beautifully designed editions of crime fiction hardbacks. It was also one of the cheapest at the “almost unbelievable price of 50 cents” per copy. Relying on the clientele, network and distribution powers of the United Cigar Stores Company, American publisher Sidney M. Biddell had managed to put the mystery novel “within the reach of every book lover’s purse” for three years before his firm took another direction in September 1933. American working-class magazine readers were simply not prepared to buy books. Retracing the history of the ill-fated Mystery League, this article aims to add to the collective understanding of 1930s popular taste, and to give the man behind the launch of the democratic hardcover mystery the recognition and credit that he deserves.
This Letter presents a constraint on the total width of the Higgs boson (ΓH) using a combined measurement of on-shell Higgs boson production and the production of four top quarks, which involves contributions from off-shell Higgs boson-mediated processes. This method relies on the assumption that the tree-level Higgs-top Yukawa coupling strength is the same for on-shell and off-shell Higgs boson production processes, thereby avoiding any assumptions about the relationship between on-shell and off-shell gluon fusion Higgs production rates, which were central to previous measurements. The result is based on up to 140 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit on ΓH is 450 MeV (75 MeV). Additionally, considering the constraint on the Higgs-top Yukawa coupling from loop-induced Higgs boson production and decay processes further yields an observed (expected) upper limit of 160 MeV (55 MeV).
Victor Fages, Florentin Bourre, Romain Larrue
et al.
Introduction: Patients with autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) usually present with nonspecific progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) with mild to negative proteinuria and a family history. ADTKD-MUC1 leads to the formation of a frameshift protein that accumulates in the cytoplasm, leading to tubulointerstitial damage. ADTKD-MUC1 prevalence remains unclear because MUC1 variants are not routinely detected by standard next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. Methods: We developed a bioinformatic counting script that can detect specific genetic sequences and count the number of occurrences. We used DNA samples from 27 patients for validation, 11 of them were patients from the Lille University Hospital in France and 16 were from the Wake Forest Hospital, NC. All patients from Lille were tested with an NGS gene panel with our script and all patients from Wake Forest Hospital were tested with the snapshot reference technique. Between January 2018 and February 2023, we collected data on all patients diagnosed with MUC1 variants with this script. Results: A total of 27 samples were tested anonymously by the BROAD Institute reference technique for confirmation and we were able to get a 100% concordance for MUC1 diagnosis. Clinico-biologic characteristics in our cohort were similar to those previously described in ADTKD-MUC1. Conclusion: We describe a new simple and cost-effective method for molecular testing of ADTKD-MUC1. Genetic analyses in our cohort suggest that MUC1 might be the first cause of ADTKD. Increasing the availability of MUC1 diagnosis tools will contribute to a better understanding of the disease and to the development of specific treatments.
Yaël Tibi-Lévy, Daria Serebryakova, Marie Jauffret-Roustide
Europe has a long history of migratory flows. Thus, after the fall of the Soviet bloc (1989-1991), many Eastern Europeans migrated to the West (including France) in order, for some of them, to escape very repressive drug policies. This article, which is based on a corpus of twenty interviews from the ANRS-Coquelicot survey and on a textometric analysis carried out with Alceste, aims both to gain a better understanding of the migratory experience of these drug users (context of departure from their country of origin, living conditions in Paris, changes in their drug use practices since their arrival in France, etc.) and to test Alceste. It highlights on the one hand, the high vulnerability of this population and its good compliance with risk prevention measures as soon as it has access to them and on the other hand, the interest for human and social sciences to use automated textual analysis tools such as the one used by the authors.
Randa Ardesca is an "Archaeosite", which means it is a place dedicated to experimental archaeology and living history. This type of site could also be an archaeological site, but Randa Ardesca is not because the excavations made in situ were not inconclusive. We are located in the south of France, in the region of Ardèche. Randa Ardesca opened its doors 10 years ago, with the goal of recreating a Celtic village from the Early Iron Age. This project is autonomous and is dedicated to experimental archaeology, with the aim of enhancing the research data and theory from archaeological sites with tried and tested methods.
During the First World War, around 25,000 Italian soldiers taken prisoner during the Battle of Caporetto were sent to the rear of the Western Front in the Belgian and French territories that the Germans had occupied since 1914, condemned to work for their enemy. More than two thousand of them died there, their graves spread over more than one hundred and fifty different localities. Even before the end of the Great War, various tributes were paid to these soldiers who had died in captivity. But after 1922, the Fascist regime undertook erasing the history of Italian captivity. Thus, during the “ventennio fascista”, Belgian and French cemeteries containing Italian graves became political stages where the Fascist (re)vision of Italian military history was ardently transmitted. The aim of this article is to identify the transformation of Italian ceremonial practices in Belgium and France between 1918 and 1940. To understand the particularities of this political work, we will first describe the discourses to which the prisoners of Caporetto were subjected until the advent of fascism. By way of comparison, we will then identify the ceremonial inventions of Fascist officials in Belgian and French cemeteries, and present three ways in which they elided Italian captivity during the inter-war period. The conclusion will evoke some consequences of this memorial policy through the second half the 20th century.
Pierre Habrial MD, Maxime Léger MD, Fabienne Costerousse MD
et al.
Objective Avoiding tracheal intubation by using general anesthesia with spontaneous breathing (GASB) is attractive for upper airway panendoscopy. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of adverse events during panendoscopy under GASB and to assess the practices of French anesthesiologists. Study Design Two-phase study: monocentric retrospective study and national survey. Setting University hospital center. Methods Patients who underwent a panendoscopy under GASB at the University Hospital of Angers between January 1 and December 31, 2014, were reviewed. Failure of GASB was defined as an episode of hypoxemia (SpO 2 ≤88%) or the need for face mask ventilation with or without tracheal intubation. Then, we sent an electronic survey to all members of the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Results Among the 95 included patients, 22 (23%) experienced a failure of GASB: 3 tolerated hypoxemia, 15 had face mask ventilation episodes, and 4 were intubated. Three factors were associated with failure: obesity (odds ratio, 11.94; 95% CI, 3.20-44.64), history of difficult intubation defined as a Cormack score ≥3 (odds ratio, 6.20; 95% CI, 1.51-25.41), and laryngeal tumor (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.04-7.56). Among the 3930 members of the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care in 2018, 662 (16.8%) responded to the survey. The 2 preferred techniques to perform panendoscopy were intubation (62%) and intravenous sedation with spontaneous breathing (37%). Conclusion Although general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation remains the preferred technique for panendoscopy in France, GASB is an attractive alternative with a low failure rate. Risk factors for failure are obesity, history of difficult intubation, and laryngeal tumor.
he column presents one of the principal narrative sources reflecting the history of the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate – the work “Tevarikh-i Desht-i Kiptchak” (“The Chronicle of the Desht-i Kiptchak”, 1638) from under the pen of Abdullah ibn Rizvan. Notwithstanding the presence of works in the scientific literature on this chronicle, they still have a superficial character. The artistic and literary merits of the work have not been fully analyzed. The chronicle is a vivid example of evolution of the Crimean Ottoman traditions of verbal creativity and chronology, which later gave impetus to the emergence of other universal histories.
The text of “Tevarikh-i Desht-i Kiptchak” is given in the original transliteration from two manuscripts (National Library of France S 874 and The Library of Topkapı Palace Museum B 289) and in Russian translation (author of transliteration and translation – R.R. Abduzhemilev). The translation is made up of the combined text from two manuscript copies in the book Ananiasz Zajaczkowski “La Chronique des Steppes Kıptchak Tevarih-i Deşt-ı Qıpçaq du XVIIe siècle” (Warszawa 1966).
Using documents from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives as well as the Auswartiges Amt Archives, the article analyses the Franco-German Catholic tensions in the aftermath of the First World War. Chronologically, the study focuses to the first half of the twenties (1920s), between the signing of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno agreements. This period proved to be critical, since the risk of new clashes between France and Germany was huge. In this tense post war context, the relations between the German and French Catholics were marked by contradictory patriotic spirits despite sharing the same religious convictions. The long and complex history of the Franco-German conflicts had influenced the attitude of the clergy members on both sides of the Rhine. In Germany as in France, the ecclesiastical milieu was becoming a field of struggle for influence. The tense post-war context did not provide a good environment that allows to dissociate national politics and religious affiliation. This investigation shows that the repercussions of the upheavals of the post-war period were not reduced only to political, economic, demographic, spatial, etc. dimensions but affected the realm of religion as well.
History (General) and history of Europe, Christianity
This article deals with the construction of a common European memory by means of the discourse of history textbooks in France and Germany. The analysis is conducted from a linguistic point of view within the framework of Cross-Cultural Discourse Analysis and is based on a data set comprising the chapters on World War I and World War II in 14 recent books for 14- to 15-year-old students. The aim of contrastive discourse analysis is the comparison of “discursive cultures” – that is what can/cannot/must/need not be said in a specific community and discourse genre about a specific social object and how it can/cannot be said – by means of verbal productions from the communities under scrutiny.
A series of discursive operations designed to either perpetuate a national memory or go beyond traditional historiographical and didactic nationalism are highlighted: generalization, foregrounding or backgrounding of social actors and actions (van Leeuwen), comparison, enunciative positioning, etc. The author pays particular attention to what remains (virtually) unsaid and thus to discursive procedures that are not necessarily conscious rather than to explicit efforts of memory creation.
Highlighting the differences between French and German textbooks as well as between representations of World War I versus World War II, the contribution points out that textbooks not only insist either on European or national memory, but also promote European integration either through the erasure of differences or the construction of sameness or even of “equal otherness”. Finally the author follows Mouffe’s distinction between “antagonistic”, “cosmopolitan” and “agonistic” politics in order to characterize different subsets of the analyzed data by means of the corresponding “memory modes” established by Bull and Hansen.
Keywords: history textbooks, World War I, World War II, discourse analysis, memory modes
Questo articolo intende esaminare, dal punto di vista linguistico, se e in quale modo attraverso la narrativa dei manuali scolastici di storia in Francia e Germania, venga costruita una memoria europea. Più precisamente, sono paragonati, nel quadro teorico e metodologico dell’analisi contrastiva del discorso, i capitoli che riguardano la Prima e la Seconda Guerra Mondiale in 14 manuali recenti per degli allievi dai 14 ai 15 anni. L’obiettivo dell’analisi contrastiva del discorso è il confronto di “culture discorsive” – cioè quello che si può/deve dire o meno e in che modo, in una comunità e in un genere discorsivo su un determinato oggetto sociale – tramite le produzioni verbali che vi hanno luogo.
Si intende quindi far emergere i diversi processi di superamento del nazionalismo storiografico e didattico o, diversamente, di perpetuazione di una memoria nazionale: generalizzazione, messa in evidenza oppure sullo sfondo di attori e di azioni sociali (van Leeuwen), paragoni, posizionamenti enunciativi, ecc. Anziché ai tentativi espliciti di creazione di una memoria europea, si presta particolare attenzione alla sua costruzione più o meno inconsapevole tramite ciò che rimane non detto oppure “poco detto”.
In conclusione, si intende insistere sulle differenze fra i manuali francesi e tedeschi nonché sulle differenze fra la rappresentazione della Prima e della Seconda Guerra e vengono paragonate le rispettive modalità di memoria europea che sembrano essere preferite: la cancellazione delle differenze, la costruzione di una somiglianza oppure di un’“alterità nell’uguaglianza”. Seguendo Chantal Mouffe, si può supporre, infatti, che nel loro desiderio di creare una memoria europea gli autori di manuali scolastici adottino una prospettiva a volte “cosmopolita”, a volte “agonistica” o anche “antagonistica”.
Parole chiave: manuali scolastici di storia, Prima Guerra Mondiale, Seconda Guerra Mondiale, analisi del discorso, modalità di memoria
Vesselin M. Dekov, Valentina Y. Darakchieva, Kjell Billström
et al.
Summary: Concentrations of a large set of major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios were measured in Holocene sediments cored in the western deep Black Sea in order to unravel: (1) the controls of element enrichment, and (2) sources of the detrital component. The transition of the basin from oxic to euxinic resulted in enrichment or depletion in a number of elements in the deep-sea sediments. Authigenic Fe enrichment appears to depend on the amount of Fe mobilized from the sediment through the benthic redox shuttle mechanism and free H2S in the water column (degree of “euxinization”). Manganese enrichment is controlled by diagenetic reactions within the sediment: the dissolution of Mn minerals, Mn2+ diffusion upward and reprecipitation. Barium enrichment is also controlled by diagenetic reactions, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis, that take place above and below the sulfate-methane transition, respectively. The major part of V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, Cd and Sb is inferred to have co-precipitated with Fe in the euxinic deep waters and to have been incorporated into authigenic Fe-sulfides. Basin reservoir effect additionally influences the Mo enrichment. The U enrichment is interpreted to have a different origin in the two organic-rich stratigraphic units (II and I). It is inferred to be: (i) at the expense of the U inventory of the deepwater pool and a result of inorganic reduction of U at euxinic conditions in the lower Unit II; and (ii) at the expense of the U inventory of the surface water pool and a result of biogenic uptake and transfer to the sediment by the plankton in the upper Unit I. The high field strength elements are closely linked to the detrital component and their depletion in the organic-rich sediments reflects a dilution of the detrital component by the biogenic one. The enrichments of REE, Sn and Th are likely controlled by adsorption on clay minerals. Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions of the alumino-silicate component of the studied sediments are relatively uniform. They are most likely controlled by riverine suspended matter supplied mainly in the NW Black Sea (Danube Delta) and transported southward by marine currents, and to a lesser degree by suspended matter from the small rivers draining SE Bulgaria and NW Turkey. Wind-blown dust from the Sahara Desert appears to have a minor contribution to the alumino-silicate component of the sediments. The slight shift in the Pb isotopes in Unit I upper layers is possibly caused by the addition of anthropogenic Pb. Keywords: Anoxic, Black Sea, Element enrichment, Sr-Nd-Pb-isotopes, Holocene
Comment peut-on vivre avec et après la Shoah ? Tenter d’éclairer ce problème par la philosophie et la poésie est possible, d’une part, grâce à deux catégories centrales empruntées respectivement à Theodor W. Adorno et Paul Celan : le non-identique dans « Meditationen zur Metaphysik » et l’indicible dans le poème « Engführung », et, d’autre part, grâce à l’analyse de la relation qui unit les deux catégories. Une telle relation peut être reconstruite à partir du débat public concernant la langue après Auschwitz, en ayant recours également à la correspondance des deux écrivains et au texte « Gespräch im Gebirg » de Celan.