Hasil untuk "Forestry"

Xiuming Chen, Qin Wang, Fei Wang et al.

The Moth orchid is globally recognized as one of the most popular and important ornamental species. However, due to the complicated history of hybridization, long growth cycles, and industrial vegetative propagation, there are huge challenges in cultivar identification and protection leading to market issues. Consequently, it is important to develop effective and stable markers to identify and preserve core Phalaenopsis cultivar resources. In this study, we collected 53 commercially prevalent Phalaenopsis cultivars in China. Through detailed phenotypic observations, morphological genetic diversity was measured in 19 quantitative and 15 qualitative traits. By genome skimming and the subsequent SNP calling pipeline, we discovered 5,984 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and constructed a comprehensive Phalaenopsis SNP database of cultivars. These SNPs got a high correlation with variation for quantitative traits ranging from 16.09% to 154.60%, while those for qualitative traits spanned from 20.54% to 130.81%. This database demonstrated a high degree of genetic diversity and a robust capacity for identifying polymorphisms and distinguishing among current varieties. These discovered SNPs consist of 12 types, C/T (23.86%), G/A (22.31%), A/G (8.89%), and T/C (7.84%). The ratio of transition to transversion was approximately 1.70. 70.91% of the SNP loci were in intergenic regions, 9.61% in upstream regions, and 9.37% within intronic regions. Fifty three cultivar PCAs could serve as three groups, which was matched with trait clusters. Based on 5,984 SNP sites, we conducted secondary screening and screened out 14 core sites. The clustering results of the NJ tree based on 14 core SNP loci and the NJ tree based on 5,984 whole genome SNP loci were consistent among 53 Phalaenopsis cultivars. Besides, each variety was then encoded with a unique barcode by 14 core SNP markers. This preliminary approach offers a putative and effective tool for variety identification, genetic analysis, and further development of Phalaenopsis germplasm resources.

Wang Xin, Wang Xin, Yang Zhenqi et al.

AimsThe landscape of sand-covered hilly areas has been reshaped by afforestation in these areas. Dynamic changes in soil moisture and nutrients in forests after afforestation have become evident. However, clear studies have not focused on whether rainfall interception in these plantations affects soil concentration or concentration.MethodsThis largely limits the development of effective management techniques for plantations and hinders the optimal utilization and management of water resources. In this study, an investigation was conducted on the plant community structure, rainfall interception characteristics, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) concentrations or concentrations of three different plantations in the sand-covered hilly area of the Kuye River Basin. Grassland (Gl) was taken as the control.ResultsThe critical throughfall values for C. korshinskii (Ck), S. Cheilophila (Sc) and P. sylvestris (Ps) were 0.28, 1.78 and 2.04 mm, respectively. Corresponding stemflow critical values measured were 2.93, 1.08, and 3.30 mm, respectively. Ps exhibited the highest interception capacity, which was attributable to its dense canopy and layered branch architecture. Sc ranked second due to its larger leaf area, while Ck showed the lowest interception because of wide branch angles and smaller leaf area. Post-rainfall ground-level soil moisture and litter deposition are regulated by vegetation canopy structure in a direct way. SOC and N concentrations are subsequently controlled by these ground-level parameters. SOC concentration under Ps was 1.54 compared to that under Gl, while N concentration was 1.50 times higher, respectively.ConclusionsThus, Ps demonstrates optimal effectiveness for improving soil quality in sandy hill restoration areas and merits continued implementation in this region.

Ninglong You

The literature considers urban green spaces as a key to promoting physical activity and health. Despite the increasingly recognized walking exercise promotion benefits of urban green spaces, the relationship between walking exercise preferences and green space layout remains unclear. We extracted preferred routes for walking exercise and measured the route heat using a one-year shared data of walking exercise from a mobile outdoor assistant app in the old city of Fuzhou, China. We then evaluated green space layout features within a 500-m buffer zone along the preferred routes in dimensions of scale, form, and function. The relationship between the route heat and green space layout features was analyzed using a series of poisson regression models, with the influence of urban morphology and the built environment allocation being controlled. Results showed that there existed a significant association between preferred routes for walking exercise and the combination of green space layout, urban morphology, and the built environment allocation; the route heat had positive associations with NDVI and comprehensive park area density, and showed negative associations with patch shape index and patch density. This study illustrates the necessity for targeted intervention strategies to promote the development of walkable and healthy urban areas.

Shuainan Liu, Mingjun Xie, Lijuan Yan et al.

Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition alters the formation and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in fragile ecosystems. While biochar (BC) amendment represents a promising strategy for augmenting soil carbon sequestration, its impact on the stability of the SOC pool under high N deposition remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a two-year field trial with three replicates to investigate the effects of combined N (0 and 9 g N·m⁻²·yr⁻¹) and BC (0, 20, and 40 t·ha⁻¹) addition on the stability of the SOC pool in restored grasslands on the Loess Plateau. We assessed SOC pool stability by examining the influence of soil microbial carbon utilization efficiency (CUE), metabolic constraints, and community composition on the content of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). The results indicate that in comparison to the control treatment (N0BC0), the addition of both high N (N9BC0) and BC (N0BC20 and N0BC40) significantly promoted the accumulation of POC by 15.78%, 9.87%, and 11.05%, respectively. Conversely, the content of MAOC was suppressed under the N9BC0 (−10.64%) and N0BC40 (−8.29%) treatments. However, the combination of high N and BC treatments resulted in increased levels of SOC, POC, and MAOC, while simultaneously reducing the MAOC/POC ratio, with all parameters reaching their peak under the N9BC40 treatment. Meanwhile, high N and BC additions led to differences in bacterial community structure, increased CUE, and enzyme vector angle. Notably, high N shifted the dominant factor of BC on MAOC/POC from physicochemical properties to biological factors. Microbes drive CUE to influence changes in MAOC by adapting to metabolic limitations and stoichiometric imbalances. In contrast, POC is primarily influenced by physicochemical properties. Overall, high additions of N and BC have been shown to reduce the stability of SOC by promoting the accumulation of POC. However, an addition rate of 40 t·ha⁻¹ of BC was found to be more effective in mitigating the negative impacts of high N addition on MAOC. This strategy can serve as an effective management approach for enhancing SOC sequestration in vulnerable regions of the Loess Plateau.

Jinnan Wang, Liyang Guo, Ying Li et al.

Abstract Background The Auxin Response Factor (ARF) gene family is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, serving as a pivotal gene in the auxin signaling pathway. Members of this gene family encode transcription factors that regulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Notably, the Class IIa and Class IIb subfamilies within the ARF gene family play a vital role in plant flower development and morphogenesis. Chionanthus retusus, as significant ornamental plants in gardens, exhibit multiple flower forms, and changes in these forms have garnered substantial attention in the selection and cultivation of new varieties. Result In this study, we utilized the latest reference genome to conduct a comprehensive identification and analysis of the ARF gene in C. retusus (2n = 2x = 46), and examined its expression patterns in individuals with varying flower morphologies and generated transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing CrARF37 and analyzed its function in flower morphogenesis. We identified 49 ARF genes in C. retusus, which can be categorized into four subfamilies and are distributed across 18 chromosomes. Genomic collinearity analysis demonstrated their conservation across evolution, and gene structure, domain, and motif analyses further confirmed their structural conservation. Ultimately, based on expression patterns in individuals exhibiting various flower morphologies, we identified CrARF32, CrARF37, and CrARF39 as potential contributors to the formation of C. retusus flower morphology. Subsequently, we generated CrARF37-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis, and phenotypic analysis revealed significantly increased length and number of flower veins compared to controls. Conclusion Based on gene family analysis, transcriptome gene co-expression network, and transgenic functional validation, we identified three ARF genes that may be associated with differences in C. retutus flower morphology. In addition, we validated the transgenic function to elucidate how CrARF37 affects the development of floral vascular tissue.Our findings will enhance our understanding of flower morphological development and provide valuable theoretical insights for Osmanthus cultivation.

Yue Ying, Wenhao Wang, Yan Li et al.

ABSTRACT Bamboo snout moths (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) comprise the four species: Eumorphobotys obscuralis, Circobotys aurealis, Demobotys pervulgalis, and Crypsiptya coclesalis. These economically important insect pests of bamboo are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The lack of precise mitochondrial genetic data has impeded the development of effective identification techniques, accurate classification strategies, and targeted prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, we obtained the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of four bamboo snout moth species using high‐throughput sequencing. The mitogenomes were 15,103–15,349 bp in length and contained 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a noncoding region (A + T rich element), consistent with previously studied Crambidae mitogenomes. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among the four species using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The moths that fed on bamboo were well clustered in a single clade. Crypsiptya coclesalis was most closely related to D. pervulgalis, while E. obscuralis was most closely related to C. aurealis. The divergence among the main lineages of 97 Lepidoptera species was reconstructed using an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock. Analyses of the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times showed that the evolution of lepidopteran species has been closely related to that of their hosts. The data support the development of molecular identification techniques for the four species of bamboo snout moth, and our results provide a basis for targeted control strategies.

Xun Zhang, Xiyu Wang, Wei Xu

Background: Augmented Reality (AR) technology provides a new way for product design and display due to its unique interaction, enabling customers to experience products more comprehensively and immersively. Objective: To study the interactive form and application of AR technology in the interior design and display of RV, to provide new ideas and solutions for the interior design of RV, to optimize the user experience of customers and improve the work efficiency in the process of customized interior design of RV. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative research methods were adopted, the target customer groups were investigated based on the KANO model, the data were analysed, and the design suggestions for the function and interactive interface of the RV interior design display platform were summarized. Results: Based on the investigation and research, the specific functions of the RV indoor experience design platform and the needs of the target user groups were identified, including 12 essential needs, 5 charm needs, 1 expectation needs and 2 undifferentiated needs, which correspond to different functions, respectively. Finally, the main features of the platform are outlined, and the functional framework of the RV interior design and display platform is drawn. Conclusions: The interactive form of AR RV interior design includes user interface design and interactive mode design, which can greatly enhance user experience, optimize space utilization and enhance customized services. The application of AR technology in RV design has a high potential, providing theoretical and practical support for the design and development of the RV AR RV design display platform.

Sheng Chen, Lei Hao, Yi-Hui Deng et al.

Based on a critical examination of type specimens, images of living plants, and the literature has shown Rhododendron oligocarpum to be conspecific with R. leishanicum. Although slight variations in corolla colour exist amongst different populations of R. oligocarpum, it does not serve as a key distinguishing trait. Therefore, we reduced R. oligocarpum to a synonym of R. leishanicum, and recommend placing it in Subsection Maculifera.

Sulukhan K. Temirbekova, Oksana B. Polivanova, Irina I. Sardarova et al.

The antioxidant defense system can be stimulated by growth regulators in plants when they are under stress, such as exposure to pathogens. There are a lot of natural growth regulators on the market, but no research has been carried out yet to determine how effective they are. This field and laboratory study examines the impact of two commonly used Russian growth regulators, Crezacin and Zircon, along with artificial infection with <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> on the antioxidant system of naked oat. The results show that, compared to the control, Crezacin-treated plants had higher contents of low molecular weight fructose and nonenzymatic antioxidants like proline, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Zircon-treated plants had a lower content of proline, carbohydrates, and lower total antioxidant activity than the control plants. The obtained data show that Crezacin treatment mainly affected nonenzymatic systems of the antioxidant defense. This treatment was more successful than the Zircon application, which did not show any appreciable effectiveness and was typically associated with an improvement in oat productivity. The treatment with growth regulators and a fungal suspension performed at the flowering phase provided the best effect on the biochemical parameters and productivity of naked oats. Moreover, oat treatment with the pathogen promoted the reproductive capabilities of the plants, while growth regulators helped in avoiding infectious stress.

Yixin Wang, Yixin Wang, Zheng Wang et al.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) is one of the most important vegetables grown worldwide. Nevertheless, the key structural and regulatory genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in pepper have not been well understood or fine mapped yet. In this study, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 pepper populations were analyzed and these populations were derived from a cross between line 14-Z4, which has yellow anthers and green stems, and line 14-Z5, which has purple anthers and stems. The results showed that the yellow anthers and green stems were determined by a single recessive locus called to as ayw. While, using preliminary and fine mapping techniques, ayw locus was located between markers aywSNP120 and aywSNP124, with physical distance of 0.2 Mb. The CA11g18550 gene was identified as promising candidate for the ayw locus, as it co-segregated with the yellow anthers and green stems phenotypes. CA11g18550 encodes a homolog of the F3’5’H (flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase) anthocyanin synthesis structure gene. The missense mutation of CA11g18550 possibly resulted in a loss-of-function. The expression analysis showed that CA11g18550 was significantly expressed in the stems, leaves, anthers and petals in 14-Z5, and it’s silencing caused the stems changing from purple to green. This study provides a theoretical basis for using yellow anthers and green stems in pepper breeding and helps to advance the understanding of anthocyanin synthesis.

Steluța Maria SÎNGEORZAN, Ioan PĂCURAR, Irina M. MORAR et al.

Spruce is a European native coniferous species, spreading over the area in between The Carpathian Mountains and the Alps, up to the northern parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula. In the future, spruce forests will have to cope with the growing climate change that is already threatening their natural habitats. This study has focused on the spruce seed germination process and seedlings growth under the influence of DEA (Water Energizing Device) bio-phyto-modulators. The biological material under analysis consists of spruce seeds selected from four Romanian sources included in the National Catalogue of Basic Materials for Generating Forestry Reproduction Material. Five different substrates were used for tasting germination capacity, with two different treatments (distilled water and energized water). Analyzing the treatments used it can be notice that subjecting the seeds to energized water treatment led to a higher germination capacity than in the case of those watered with distilled water (40-94%) and, respectively (24-84%). The seedlings growth was also higher in the case of those springing from the energized water treated seeds (2.45-4.23 cm) than from those springing from the distilled water treated seeds (2.07 cm-3.14 cm). The differences in germination capacity, growth and development were observed for all the provenances. Applying DEA bio-phyto-modulators has proven beneficial, with noticeable differences for both germination capacity and seedlings growth.

Aytaç Aydın, Gizem Ceylan, Hakan Adanur et al.

Occupational health and safety is an important issue that increases the satisfaction and productivity of everyone in the workplace by aiming to work in a safe and comfortable way that does not harm the health of the person working in the workplace. Occupational accidents occur as a result of deficiencies or mistakes in these studies. It is known that most of the work accidents are caused by not using personal protective equipment and unsafe behaviors. Personal protective equipments are products that can be used against many risks in the working environment in order to ensure that employees work in a healthy and safe manner. Within the scope of this study, a questionnaire form prepared by reaching 470 people working in 8 forest products (timber, furniture, board and paper) plants in İzmir and Balıkesir provinces was applied. There are two sections in the questionnaire form, which include some demographic characteristics and awareness of using personal protective equipment. When the results were examined, it was determined that the use of personal protective equipment did not differ according to demographic characteristics, and there were significant differences at the level of forest products subsectors.

Zhiliang Pan, Jinpeng Zhang, Shengjun Bai et al.

Abstract Premise Although several software packages are available for genotyping insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms in genomes using next‐generation sequencing data, simultaneously calling indel genotypes across many individuals for use in genetic mapping remains challenging. Methods and Results We present an integrated pipeline, InDelGT, for the extraction of indel genotypes from a segregating population such as backcross or F2 lines, or from an F1 cross between outbred species. The InDelGT algorithm is implemented in three steps: generating an indel catalog, calling indel genotypes, and analyzing indel segregation. We demonstrated the use of the pipeline with an example data set from an F1 hybrid population of Populus and successfully constructed the two parental genetic linkage maps. Conclusions InDelGT is a practical tool that can quickly genotype a large number of indel markers within a population following Mendelian segregation. The InDelGT pipeline is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/tongchf/InDelGT).

Orlov O.O. , Iakushenko D.M., Májeková J. et al.

Data on floristic finds of Galeopsis angustifolia (Lamiaceae), a new alien species for the Ukrainian flora, are reported. Taxonomically the species is very close to G. ladanum. The main distinguishing features between these species are: morphological characteristics of generative and vegetative organs of plants, mainly shape and size of leaves, size of petals, calyx pubescence, and chemical composition. In some neighboring to Ukraine countries, the placement of G. angustifolia in the natural or alien fraction of the flora which is under discussion. In the flora of Slovakia this species is regarded as natural, in Hungary it is included in the provisional list of archeophytes, and in Poland, at least in its northern part, and in Belarus, as a kenophyte. Plants were recorded on railways in two regions of Ukraine, in 2016–2017 in Zhytomyr Polissya (Zhytomyr Region) and in 2018 in the Zakarpattia lowland (Transcarpathian Region). Taxonomic citations, morphological characteristics, geographical (primary and secondary areas), ecological and coenotic peculiarities of G. angustifolia are given. According to the time of its migration, ways of distribution, and degree of naturalization this species is a kenophyte, xenophyte and colonophyte in Zhytomyr Polissya and an ephemerophyte in the Zakarpattia lowland. A map of the species distribution in Ukraine is presented.

Klaus von Gadow, Chris J. Cieszewski, John A. Kershaw Jr.

Białowieża, a national treasure to the people of Poland and a unique ecosystem of historical significance, has become a site of an intense international debate, following a large scale Bark Beetle outbreak. The controversy centers around two opposing ecological paradigms: 1). Ecosystems without human interference would eventually reach a climax state that is self-regulating and in equilibrium (The No Action paradigm); 2). Trees infected by Ips typographus should be salvaged in order to reduce CO2 emissions, lower the fire risk, and prevent the collapse of healthy tree communities (The Adaptive Action paradigm). This contribution analyzes historical evidence and recent issues related to the management of Poland’s Białowieża Forest and presents a proposal towards a negotiated landscape design that allows for small-scale spatial mixing of different land-uses. Białowieża can become a unique example of a continuously evolving forest landscape that is resilient to fluctuating environmental conditions, human values and societal demands.

Parul Sharma, Adikshita Sharma, Monica Sharma et al.

Abstract Recent advances in engineering lead to the fabrication of nanomaterials with unique properties targeted toward specific applications. The use of nanotechnology in agriculture, in particular for plant protection and production, is an under‐explored area in the research community. Fungal diseases are one of the leading causes of crop destruction and, in this context, the antifungal effect of nanoparticles of cobalt and nickel ferrite against phytopathogenic fungi is reported here. As a proof of concept, it is also shown how such nanoparticles can be used as fungicides in plants. The developed cobalt and nickel ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4) are successfully tested for antimycotic activity against three plant‐pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Dematophora necatrix. In addition, it is also observed that these ferrite nanoparticles reduce the incidence of Fusarium wilt in capsicum. The study suggests that nanoparticles of CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 can be used as an effective fungicide in plant disease management.

Abdullah Cemil Ilçe, Mehmet Budakçı, Serkan Özdemir et al.

The objective of this study was to manufacture a lightweight and easily producible wood plastic laminate (WPL) board that could be used in the furniture sector. Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) veneer papels (A) and hollow polycarbonate boards (B), both with a thickness of 4 mm, were laminated in different combinations using polyurethane (PUR) and polychloroprene (PCR) adhesives. The physical and mechanical properties of the WPL boards obtained were determined according to the principles specified in the EN 326-1, EN 317, EN 310, ASTM D1037, and ASTM D1761 standards. Subsequently, the specimens were compared with particle boards (PB), medium density fiberboards (MDF), and okoume plywoods (PW). According to the results, the AABAA, ABABA, and ABBBA combinations of the WPL materials had better physical properties, such as weight, water absorption, and swelling thickness, compared to the other composites. Furthermore, because the WPL materials had a high bending resistance, modulus of elasticity, and nail and screw withdrawal strength, they could be used instead of PB and MDF. The WPL material obtained within the scope of this study are suitable for furniture making.

Duško Topić, Dubravka Kršić

Šume u vlasništvu fizičkih lica (privatne šume), u vrijeme administrativno - socijalističkog upravljanja privredom i prirodnim resursima, bile su tretirane kao “pastorče“ države, što se uklapalo u ideološko negiranje svega što je privatno. Isti način tretiranja privatnih šuma nastavljen je i poslije 90-ih godina prošlog vijeka, koji “potpomognut” ratnim zbivanjima i društvenim neprilikama, privatne šume je potpuno potisnuo na margine i u stručnom i u društvenom pogledu. Ovaj rad predstavlja presjek sadašnjeg stanja privatnih šuma (površina, zapremina, zapreminski prirast) u Republici Srpskoj na osnovu podataka iz razpoložive planske dokumentacije (važećih šumsko-privrednih osnova), kao i presjek stanja na osnovu dobijenih rezultata II državne inventure šuma Bosne i Hercegovine. Takođe, ovaj rad prikazuje uporedno stanje privatnih i državnih šuma Republike Srpske. Cilj rada je prikazati stvarno stanje privatnih šuma u Republici Srpskoj, kao i stanje privatnih šuma u odnosu na državne šume.

Y. Hirata, R. Tabuchi, Saimon Lihpai et al.

A. Maryudi

Universitatsdrucke Gottingen That community forestry is yet to meet its high promises on tackling forest degradation and the pervasive rural poverty cannot be separated from the contexts of political processes and the dynamic of social interactions among the stakeholders involved in the program. This book analyses how few external stakeholders, with the use of different power features, influence the processes and try to skew the outcomes of the community forestry to their directions. The direct forest users, which are supposedly the core stakeholder in the community forestry, remain powerless and endure extensive influence from the powerful external ones.